Tag: DeshKaVikaas

On May 6, India successfully executed Operation Sindoor, a high-stakes mission intended to bring those responsible for the April 22 terrorist attack in Pahalgam to justice. The operation was part of the country’s larger strategy to hold accountable the perpetrators of acts of terror and provide justice to those affected by the heinous attack. According to Vinay Kwatra, India’s Ambassador to the United States, this operation was an unequivocal response to the violence that shook the region.

In a rare interview with Fox News on May 7, Kwatra shared the significance of the operation, describing it as a clear message of accountability for those who carried out the attack. “This operation that we carried out was aimed at bringing accountability and justice to those subhuman monsters, those worst of the worst, who carried these territory attacks on Apr.22,” he said. His remarks underscored the gravity of the situation and the determination of the Indian government to take decisive action against those responsible for terrorizing civilians.

The terrorist attack on April 22 in Pahalgam had left the region in shock, with both locals and officials deeply affected by the brutality of the attack. In the aftermath, there was widespread condemnation across India and abroad, calling for swift and firm action to ensure that the attackers were brought to justice. The Indian government, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership, wasted no time in formulating a response, demonstrating their commitment to protecting citizens and safeguarding national security.

Vinay Kwatra further elaborated on the nature of the operation, emphasizing its importance in restoring peace and order. The operation was not just about punishing those responsible, but also about sending a strong message to all those who may consider using violence to further their agenda. “This operation was not only about eliminating the immediate threat posed by these terrorists but also about sending a clear signal that we will not tolerate acts of terror on our soil,” Kwatra stated. This message was directed not only to the perpetrators but also to the broader community of those who support or engage in terrorist activities.

Kwatra’s comments highlighted the growing concern over the rising number of terrorist incidents across the region and India’s increasing resolve to tackle the issue head-on. The April 22 attack was part of a larger pattern of violence in the area, and the Indian government had been under mounting pressure to take more aggressive steps in combating these threats. Operation Sindoor was thus seen as a critical move in demonstrating India’s ability and willingness to confront terrorism, no matter the cost.

The diplomat’s interview with Fox News marked an important moment in India’s diplomatic efforts, with Kwatra taking the opportunity to emphasize the government’s commitment to justice. The ambassador’s words resonated deeply with many, especially those who had been directly impacted by the attack. Kwatra’s unflinching stance on bringing those responsible to justice was a clear reminder of India’s dedication to upholding the rule of law and ensuring that those who commit such atrocities face the consequences of their actions.

The operation also highlighted India’s growing counter-terrorism capabilities, as the country continues to modernize its military and intelligence apparatus to better combat the evolving threats posed by extremist groups. “India has been strengthening its counter-terrorism capabilities over the years, and this operation was a direct result of that effort. We are now in a position to respond swiftly and decisively to such threats,” Kwatra pointed out.

Operation Sindoor’s success was seen as a critical turning point in India’s ongoing battle against terrorism. The meticulous planning and execution of the operation demonstrated the country’s ability to target and eliminate threats with precision. Experts have noted that such operations are not only essential in neutralizing immediate dangers but also in sending a powerful message to terrorist organizations and their supporters around the world.

Kwatra’s statement that the operation was aimed at “bringing accountability and justice” made it clear that the Indian government is not merely focused on eliminating the physical threat posed by terrorists, but also on addressing the broader issue of impunity. The attack in Pahalgam was not an isolated incident but part of a larger, systemic problem that the Indian government is actively working to address. “These attacks are not just about the loss of lives but about sending a message of fear and insecurity,” Kwatra explained. “We cannot allow that to happen.”

The government has long maintained a zero-tolerance policy towards terrorism, and Operation Sindoor was seen as a continuation of that stance. In the wake of the operation, officials reiterated India’s determination to stand firm against any form of terror, with the full force of the law being used to combat extremist violence. The country’s military and intelligence agencies were praised for their swift response and effective coordination during the operation.

For the citizens of Pahalgam and surrounding areas, the successful execution of Operation Sindoor brought a sense of justice and closure. The terror that had gripped the region on April 22 was met with a powerful counteraction that reassured the people that the Indian government would not allow such acts to go unpunished. “We owe it to the families of the victims and to all those who have suffered to ensure that the perpetrators are held accountable,” Kwatra stated, his voice firm and resolute.

The broader geopolitical implications of the operation were also significant, with many analysts noting that India’s firm stance against terrorism sends a strong message to neighboring countries and the international community. In particular, the operation is seen as a response to the ongoing challenges posed by cross-border terrorism, with India’s neighbors often being accused of harboring and supporting extremist groups. Kwatra’s interview did not shy away from addressing this issue, with the ambassador making it clear that India would continue to take the necessary steps to protect its citizens and safeguard its sovereignty.

In conclusion, Operation Sindoor represented a significant chapter in India’s ongoing fight against terrorism. Through decisive action, the Indian government not only eliminated a threat but also reaffirmed its commitment to justice and accountability. As Kwatra rightly pointed out, “This operation was aimed at bringing accountability and justice to those subhuman monsters, those worst of the worst,” who sought to spread fear and violence. The message was clear: India will not tolerate terrorism, and those who engage in such acts will face the full consequences of their actions.

The successful operation has been hailed as a crucial victory in the broader war on terror, and it is expected to serve as a model for future counter-terrorism efforts. With India continuing to strengthen its defense and security frameworks, the government remains committed to protecting its people from the scourge of terrorism, ensuring that justice is served in the face of violence.

Pakistan’s Information Minister Attaullah Tarar has claimed that Islamabad has “credible intelligence” suggesting that India plans to launch a military strike within the next 24 to 36 hours. His statement comes amid escalating tensions following a deadly attack in Indian-administered Kashmir that left 26 tourists dead. The Indian government has blamed Pakistan for backing the militants involved, a charge that Islamabad firmly denies.

Tarar said India is trying to use the Kashmir attack as a “false pretext” to justify a potential strike against Pakistan. “Any such military adventurism by India would be responded to assuredly and decisively,” he warned. These remarks have intensified concerns in a region long fraught with conflict and suspicion. The BBC has reached out to India’s foreign ministry for a response, but no official comment has yet been made.

The attack, which occurred near the popular tourist destination of Pahalgam, is the deadliest assault on civilians in the region in the past 20 years. The location, nestled in the disputed territory of Kashmir, has once again become the focal point of tension between the two nuclear-armed neighbours. Both India and Pakistan lay claim to Kashmir in its entirety, though each only controls parts of it. Since their independence and partition in 1947, the two countries have fought two wars specifically over Kashmir.

In recent days, intermittent exchanges of small-arms fire have been reported across the Line of Control (LoC), the de facto border that separates the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled regions of Kashmir. These skirmishes have stoked fears of a larger conflict, especially amid speculation that India may carry out retaliatory military strikes, similar to those it launched in 2016 and 2019 following deadly militant incidents.

Indian authorities responded to the Pahalgam massacre with a large-scale security operation in the region. Officials reported last week that over 1,500 individuals had been detained for questioning. The number has since grown, although no exact figures have been released. These detentions are part of India’s effort to uncover those behind the attack and to prevent further violence.

Authorities have also demolished the homes of at least 10 individuals they allege were militants. Reports indicate that at least one of those whose house was destroyed had ties to a suspect involved in the recent killings. While these measures have been criticized by some human rights groups, Indian officials defend them as necessary steps to ensure security.

The broader backdrop of these developments is Kashmir’s long-standing history as a flashpoint of conflict between India and Pakistan. Since 1989, Indian-administered Kashmir has experienced an armed rebellion against Indian rule. The insurgency has resulted in thousands of deaths, with both civilians and security forces frequently targeted. India has accused Pakistan of supporting and harboring militant groups operating in the region, a charge that Islamabad denies.

So far, Indian authorities have not officially identified the group responsible for the Pahalgam killings. Initially, a little-known organization called the Resistance Front was reported to have claimed responsibility. However, the group later denied any involvement. The Resistance Front has been described as being linked to Lashkar-e-Taiba, a banned militant group based in Pakistan that has been accused of orchestrating several previous attacks in India, including the 2008 Mumbai attacks.

Police in Indian-administered Kashmir have named three of the four individuals suspected of carrying out the Pahalgam massacre. According to police, two of the suspects are Pakistani nationals, while the third is a local resident from the region. No details have emerged regarding the identity of the fourth individual.

Accounts from survivors have further inflamed public anger in India. Many survivors reported that the gunmen specifically targeted Hindu men during the attack, a claim that has added a communal dimension to an already volatile situation. This has further fueled national outrage and calls for accountability.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi responded to the attack with a stern message, promising that justice would be delivered. “We will hunt the suspects till the ends of the earth,” he declared. “Those who planned and carried it out will be punished beyond their imagination.” Modi’s remarks reflect the mood in India, where the incident has stirred widespread grief and demands for a strong response.

The ongoing conflict over Kashmir continues to pose a serious risk to peace in South Asia. Despite international calls for dialogue and restraint, both India and Pakistan have maintained hardline positions on the issue. With both nations armed with nuclear weapons, the possibility of escalation remains a significant concern for regional and global stability.

In the past, similar attacks have triggered sharp military responses from India. In 2016, following an assault on an army base in Uri that killed 19 soldiers, India carried out what it called “surgical strikes” on militant camps across the border. Again in 2019, after a suicide bombing in Pulwama claimed by Jaish-e-Mohammed killed 40 paramilitary personnel, India launched air strikes in Balakot, deep inside Pakistani territory. Both incidents brought the two nations to the brink of a wider conflict.

It remains unclear how India will respond this time. Although no official announcement has been made, Tarar’s warning suggests that Pakistan is preparing for the possibility of another cross-border strike. His remarks appear aimed at preempting Indian action and at rallying international attention to Pakistan’s position.

Meanwhile, tensions remain high in Kashmir. Security forces are on heightened alert, and civil liberties have been restricted in several areas amid fears of further unrest. The Indian government has intensified its surveillance and counter-insurgency measures, determined to prevent another tragedy.

For its part, Pakistan continues to insist that it is being unfairly blamed. Tarar reiterated Islamabad’s stance that it had no involvement in the Pahalgam killings and accused India of attempting to manipulate public sentiment for political or military purposes.

As the 24 to 36-hour window cited by Tarar unfolds, all eyes are on South Asia. The situation remains volatile, and the possibility of miscalculation or provocation could have far-reaching consequences. The international community may soon be called upon to step in to prevent another round of escalation between these long-time adversaries.

By putting the Indus Waters Treaty on hold, India has gained a unique opportunity to expedite key hydroelectric projects such as Kishanganga, Ratle, and Pakal Dul in Jammu and Kashmir. These projects are no longer just energy-generating initiatives but have also become critical tools for applying strategic pressure on Pakistan.

Pakistan has been visibly unsettled by India’s move, displaying clear signs of anxiety. The Pakistani government has labeled the decision as an “act of war,” while prominent PPP leader Bilawal Bhutto issued a stark threat, saying, “either our water or their (India’s) blood will flow in the Sindhu (Indus).” According to top government sources in India, the psychological impact of India’s decision is already evident. Pakistan’s political leadership is now facing significant pressure from its citizens, who are increasingly concerned about the potential consequences of India controlling the flow of water from the western rivers.

For India, this development means it no longer needs to concern itself with Pakistan’s objections at international platforms regarding the Kishanganga, Ratle, and Pakal Dul hydroelectric projects. Collectively, these projects strengthen India’s geopolitical messaging and strategic position, allowing it to exert greater influence over Pakistan. The recent terror attack sponsored by Pakistan on civilians in Pahalgam has fundamentally altered the dynamics between the two nations. India is now signaling that Pakistani civilians will bear consequences for the provocations initiated by their army.

The Kishanganga Project, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2018 in Bandipora, already diverted water from the Jhelum River through a 23-kilometer-long tunnel. On the same occasion, Modi also laid the foundation stone for the Pakal Dul Power Project. This project is significant as it represents Jammu and Kashmir’s first storage project and is the largest hydroelectric venture in the region with a capacity of 1000 megawatts. Standing at a height of 167 meters, the Pakal Dul project offers India actual control over the flow of water, not merely its usage. Completion is expected by mid-2026, adding another critical component to India’s strategic toolkit.

Another project that is causing major concern for Pakistan is the 850 MW Ratle Hydro Electric Project located in Jammu and Kashmir. This project achieved a significant breakthrough last year when the Chenab River was successfully diverted through specially constructed tunnels at Drabshalla in Kishtwar district. This diversion enabled the isolation of the dam site at the riverbed, allowing essential excavation and construction activities to commence.

With the Indus Waters Treaty effectively suspended, India is now free to advance with the Ratle Project without needing to address Pakistan’s previous design-related objections. Pakistan had consistently raised issues with the spillway height and drawdown levels of the project. However, with no treaty constraints binding India, these objections are now irrelevant. The Modi government had already given the green light to the Ratle project in 2021 with a substantial investment of Rs 5,282 crore, signaling its firm commitment to completing the project.

The most recent engagement between India and Pakistan on the Indus Waters Treaty took place last year in June. During that meeting, a Pakistani delegation traveled to India and inspected several dam sites in the Kishtwar region. Despite their visit, Pakistan persisted in objecting to the Kishanganga, Ratle, and Pakal Dul hydroelectric projects, alleging violations of the Indus Waters Treaty’s provisions. Nevertheless, the treaty, originally signed in 1960 by then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistan’s former President Ayub Khan, with the World Bank acting as a signatory, now belongs to the past.

The freezing of the Indus Waters Treaty marks a pivotal shift in India’s strategy towards Pakistan. With the suspension, India gains greater autonomy over the waters of the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab rivers. This change enables New Delhi to manipulate the hydrological landscape of the region in ways that can be used for both developmental and strategic purposes.

India’s new stance also reflects a deeper understanding of the evolving security environment in the region. After years of restraint despite provocations, the government is now demonstrating that economic and environmental tools, such as control over river waters, can be effectively used to counter acts of terrorism and other hostile activities from across the border. India’s construction of these large-scale hydroelectric projects thus serves a dual purpose, securing energy independence for Jammu and Kashmir while simultaneously placing pressure on Pakistan.

The Kishanganga project, having already been operational for several years, demonstrates the feasibility and strategic importance of such initiatives. Meanwhile, the Pakal Dul and Ratle projects promise even greater influence over the Indus water system once they become fully operational. In addition to their strategic utility, these projects are vital for boosting the local economy in Jammu and Kashmir, generating thousands of jobs, improving infrastructure, and enhancing energy availability across the region.

Pakistan’s reaction to these developments underscores the seriousness with which Islamabad views India’s moves. The stark threat issued by Bilawal Bhutto and the labeling of the treaty suspension as an “act of war” show that Pakistan understands the implications of losing its previously guaranteed water flow under the Indus Waters Treaty. As the projects near completion, Pakistan faces an increasingly difficult position with limited avenues for recourse.

In the broader geopolitical context, India’s decision sends a clear message to both its neighbors and the international community. New Delhi is signaling that it will no longer allow agreements crafted in a different era to constrain its strategic and security interests today. With the World Bank’s role as a guarantor now rendered symbolic, India has effectively asserted that new realities require new strategies.

Going forward, India’s ability to regulate the waters of the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab will likely serve as a significant deterrent against Pakistani aggression. As India strengthens its control over these river systems, Pakistan may be forced to reconsider its continued support for hostile activities, knowing that the consequences could be immediate and deeply felt by its population.

Thus, by putting the Indus Waters Treaty into cold storage, India has not just taken a technical decision regarding water management. It has made a calculated geopolitical move that reshapes the strategic landscape of South Asia, offering a potent combination of energy security, regional development, and strategic deterrence.

India has unveiled a series of punitive measures against Pakistan, just a day after 26 people were gunned down at a tourist destination in the Indian-administered Kashmir town of Pahalgam. The wide-reaching actions include the closure of the main border crossing, suspension of a historic water treaty, expulsion of Pakistani diplomats, and a directive ordering some Pakistani visa holders to exit the country within 48 hours.

The response follows one of the most devastating attacks in the troubled region in recent years, raising fears of a further deterioration in the already tense relationship between the nuclear-armed neighbors. Though Pakistan has denied involvement, the Indian government’s swift retaliation signals that it holds Islamabad, at the very least, indirectly accountable.

India and Pakistan have long been locked in a bitter dispute over the Kashmir region, which both nations claim in its entirety but govern in parts. Since their separation in 1947, the two countries have fought multiple wars over the territory, and clashes continue to erupt with alarming frequency. This latest incident threatens to deepen the rift further.

Indian authorities have been vocal in their anger and suspicion. Although there is no official confirmation, Indian intelligence agencies believe that a militant group known as the Kashmir Resistance orchestrated the attack. BBC News has not independently confirmed this allegation, and a manhunt for the perpetrators remained ongoing as of Wednesday evening.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi condemned the massacre and issued a strong message. “Those behind this heinous act will be brought to justice,” Modi posted on X. “Our resolve to fight terrorism is unshakable and it will get even stronger.”

As part of its response, India declared it would suspend the Indus Water Treaty, a landmark agreement that has withstood decades of conflict and diplomatic hostility since its signing in 1960. The treaty delineates control of the Indus River and its tributaries between the two countries—granting India authority over the eastern rivers and Pakistan the western ones. Crucially, the treaty mandates that India must allow waters from the western rivers to flow into Pakistan, barring limited exceptions.

This move marks a significant departure from India’s usual diplomatic restraint concerning the water agreement and represents a sharp escalation in bilateral tensions. It also puts at risk a long-standing framework that has helped prevent even more friction between the two countries during past crises.

India’s retaliatory measures also include diplomatic expulsions. Pakistani military advisers stationed at the Pakistani embassy in Delhi were ordered to leave immediately, and additional expulsions are scheduled for the coming week, according to a government statement.

While India continues its investigation and hunt for the attackers, Pakistan’s leadership has convened its top security officials. Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar said that Pakistan’s National Security Council, the highest body handling the country’s military and security affairs, would meet on Thursday to formulate a response.

In the aftermath of the bloodshed, Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement expressing sympathy for the victims. “We are concerned at the loss of tourists’ lives,” the ministry said, adding that Pakistan conveyed its condolences.

Yet, Indian Defense Minister Rajnath Singh made clear that India’s reaction would not be limited to catching the gunmen alone. He implied that those orchestrating such attacks from behind the scenes would also be targeted. “We will not only reach those who have perpetrated this incident but also those who, sitting behind the scenes, have conspired to commit such acts on the soil of India,” Singh said.

The deadly assault in Pahalgam has not only shocked India but also prompted global condemnation. Leaders from across the world have denounced the killings and expressed solidarity with the victims and their families. Within India, outrage has mixed with grief as the country comes to terms with the latest tragedy in a region too often marked by violence.

Eyewitness accounts painted a horrific picture of the event. Tourists, many with children, scrambled to escape as the gunmen opened fire. Chaos erupted at what had been a peaceful vacation spot nestled in the Himalayas.

Some bystanders reported that the attackers may have been targeting non-Muslims, although other witnesses described the shootings as indiscriminate. The majority of those killed were Hindu men, but the death toll also included a local Muslim resident.

The broader implications of the massacre are already beginning to show. The attack has shaken the confidence of the local tourism industry, which has seen a recent revival after years of unrest. “We cannot get over the fact that such an incident has occurred, and that too in the place we call heaven on earth,” said Akib Chaya, a hotel owner and member of the Kashmir Chamber of Commerce, during an interview with BBC’s Newshour.

“Tourists have been coming to Kashmir since the last three or four decades and they have never been touched,” Chaya added, underlining the sense of disbelief that has gripped the region’s residents.

Despite the various accounts from witnesses, the Indian government has not officially confirmed whether the attackers specifically targeted victims based on religion. This ambiguity adds to the complexity of the narrative and raises further questions about the motives behind the attack.

As the fallout continues to unfold, all eyes remain on how Pakistan will respond to India’s sweeping countermeasures. The decisions taken at Thursday’s National Security Council meeting may either dial down or further inflame the conflict.

This tragedy has once again brought Kashmir to the center of a geopolitical storm. With strong rhetoric from Indian leaders, stern diplomatic actions, and deep-seated mistrust between the two countries, the path forward remains fraught with uncertainty. As India seeks to pursue justice and security, the consequences of these developments may resonate far beyond the borders of Kashmir.

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on Wednesday acknowledged that India and China will continue to have differences in the foreseeable future, but emphasized that these should not escalate into conflict.

His remarks came a day after an Indian delegation met with Chinese officials in Beijing for discussions on cross-border cooperation during the 33rd meeting of the Working Mechanism for Consultation & Coordination on India-China Border Affairs (WMCC).

“Differences Should Not Become Disputes”

Speaking at an event in New Delhi alongside Kyung-wha Kang, President of the Asia Society, Jaishankar underscored India’s approach to managing ties with China.

“We have basically made two points, which is that differences should not become disputes, and that competition should not become conflict. We do compete on many issues, but that doesn’t mean there should be conflict between us. We are very realistic about it,” he said.

Addressing the 2020 Galwan Valley clash, where 20 Indian soldiers lost their lives, Jaishankar stated that the incident marked a severe disruption in bilateral relations.

“Between India and China, at least in the foreseeable future, there will be issues. But there are ways of addressing those issues. And what happened in 2020 was not the way to address those issues,” he said.

The border standoff had frozen relations between the two countries, affecting trade, technology cooperation, air travel, and people-to-people exchanges. However, in October 2024, both nations reached a breakthrough agreement on patrolling the friction points along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), ending a four-year diplomatic impasse.

“We feel that since October, the relationship has seen some improvement. Step by step, we are trying to undo some of the damage caused by the 2020 incident,” Jaishankar noted.

He reaffirmed that the Galwan Valley clash was a clear violation of written agreements between the two countries.

“It wasn’t just the bloodshed. It was the disregard of written agreements. This isn’t a grey area. The departure from the agreed terms was very sharp and very substantial,” he stated.

India-China Talks Focus on Rebuilding Ties

After the latest WMCC meeting in Beijing, India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) described the discussions as being held in a “positive and constructive atmosphere”. The two sides reviewed the situation along the LAC and exchanged views on resuming cross-border cooperation.

Among the key outcomes:

• Discussions on trans-border rivers and the resumption of the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra in 2025
• Efforts to facilitate more people-to-people exchanges, including direct flight connectivity and increased interaction between media and think tanks
• Plans for celebrating the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and China

On Wednesday, Gourangalal Das, Joint Secretary (East Asia) at India’s Ministry of External Affairs, led the Indian delegation in Beijing. He met with Liu Jinsong, Director General of the Department of Asian Affairs at China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs to discuss steps toward stabilizing ties.

The MEA noted that both sides agreed to gradually resume dialogue mechanisms to address each other’s priorities and work toward a more stable and predictable relationship.

Modi and Xi Seek to Rebuild Trust

Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently expressed optimism about India-China relations, stating that “trust, enthusiasm, and energy” should return to bilateral ties.

In 2024, Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping met on the sidelines of the BRICS summit in Russia, marking their first formal talks since 2020. Both leaders agreed to boost communication and cooperation, while focusing on preventing differences from escalating into disputes.

While significant challenges remain, India and China are now exploring pathways to rebuild engagement, with border stability, trade cooperation, and diplomatic dialogue emerging as key priorities.

Christians in India endured severe persecution in 2024, with 640 documented cases of violence and discrimination, marking a continued rise from previous years, according to the Evangelical Fellowship of India’s Religious Liberty Commission (EFIRLC).

The figure represents an increase from 601 cases in 2023 and a nearly fourfold surge from 147 cases in 2014. This decade-long trend underscores mounting hostility toward Christians, who comprise 2.3% of India’s population.

“The systematic and organized persecution of Christians has risen to crisis levels in several states,” said Rev. Vijayesh Lal, EFI general secretary. “On average, four to five churches or pastors are attacked every day, with attacks nearly doubling on Sundays when believers gather for worship.”

The EFIRLC report, Faith at Risk: Examining Violence and Discrimination Against Christians in India (2024), identified Uttar Pradesh as the most affected state with 188 incidents, followed by Chhattisgarh (150), Rajasthan (40), Punjab (38), and Haryana (34).

“We are not asking for special treatment but for the religious freedom guarantees under the constitution to be enforced fairly,” said Lal. “All Indians must be able to practice their faith without violence and intimidation. We urge all state governments to uphold the rule of law and bring perpetrators to justice, regardless of their religious or political affiliation.”

Patterns of Persecution

In 2024, four Christians were murdered, while the EFIRLC recorded 255 incidents of threats and harassment, 129 arrests, 76 cases of physical violence, 60 gender-based attacks, 46 worship disruptions, and 41 incidents of vandalism.

January saw the highest number of incidents (71), followed by September (68), March (64), and October (62). Despite general elections in April and May, which might have prompted restraint, persecution continued with 45 cases in each of those months.

Violent Attacks and Forced Displacement

On Feb. 12, in Sukma District, Chhattisgarh, villagers threatened AaytuPodiyami’s family, demanding they renounce Christianity. When they refused, a village council issued an ultimatum. Soon after, they were brutally beaten, leaving Aaytu’s father seriously injured. The family fled, forced into a life of manual labor elsewhere.

On May 4 in Bastar, Chhattisgarh, 22-year-old Kosa Kawasi was killed in front of his wife for refusing to renounce his faith. He had earlier reported death threats to the police, but no action was taken. A mob of about 20 villagers attacked him with wooden sticks, knives, and an axe. His wife, who was also assaulted, managed to escape.

The same day, five other Christian families fled their homes fearing for their lives.

Regional Hotspots of Persecution

Uttar Pradesh: Arbitrary Arrests and Worship Disruptions

Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest number of anti-Christian incidents, with pastors and believers frequently arrested over allegations of forced conversions. Many detentions occurred after prayer meetings and family gatherings, despite a lack of credible evidence.

On March 24 in Jamui village, Maharajganj District, extremists disrupted a Palm Sunday gathering where Pastor Shailesh Kumar was present. The mob issued threats before attacking worshippers. Pastor Kumar suffered severe head injuries and required hospitalization.

On Oct. 3 in Gaddopur village, Gonda District, four attackers stormed a prayer gathering and violently assaulted Man Singh and six other Christians. They were dragged 200 meters away and beaten. Their belongings, including a Bible and phones, were confiscated. When police arrived, they sided with the attackers, detaining the victims until midnight and warning them against holding future prayer meetings.

Chhattisgarh: Social Boycotts and Land Disputes

In Chhattisgarh, extremist groups frequently targeted tribal Christians through violence, social boycotts, and denial of resources, including burial rights, to pressure them into renouncing their faith.

In June, 32-year-old Bindu Sodi was murdered in Dantewada District over a land dispute exacerbated by religious discrimination. After she and her family converted to Christianity, relatives denied them access to ancestral property. She was killed with an axe and stones. Authorities pressured the family to bury her 19 miles away to avoid “sectarian unrest” and failed to recognize religious bias as a motive.

Punjab: Christmas Attacks

Punjab saw 38 attacks on Christians in 2024, including 11 during Christmas.

On Dec. 25 in Firozpur District, a group attacked Pastor Vijay and his congregation while they were preparing for a Christmas event.

On April 18 in Sultanwind village, Amritsar District, Pastor Gurjeet and his brother Gurdeep were assaulted by a neighbor, Avtar Singh Nihang. Nihang used a Kirpan, a ceremonial Sikh dagger, to attack Gurdeep, inflicting severe injuries. Pastor Gurjeet suffered wounds on his fingers and toes. When they sought medical care, a doctor reportedly refused to treat them.

Anti-Conversion Laws: A Tool of Harassment

The EFIRLC report highlights the misuse of anti-conversion laws as a major driver of Christian persecution.

“These laws, legally termed Freedom of Religion laws, are being weaponized to curtail the religious freedom of minority Christians,” said a Christian leader from Uttar Pradesh, speaking anonymously.

In 2024, the Uttar Pradesh government amended the Prohibition of Unlawful Conversion of Religion Act, 2021, increasing penalties and making violations non-bailable. Some offenses now carry sentences of up to life imprisonment.

A critical change allows “any person” – not just victims or their relatives – to file complaints. Hindu nationalist groups have exploited this provision to file numerous cases against Christians, fostering a climate of fear.

“There are over 60 Christians currently in jail under this law,” said the leader.

Cases of False Accusations and Police Complicity

On Dec. 27 in Fatehpur District, a mob assaulted Pastor Shivbaran Paswan, forcibly shaved his head, and paraded him through his village. Instead of protecting him, police charged him under the anti-conversion law.

On Oct. 20 in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, Hindu extremists disrupted Pastor Biju Mathew’s worship service and beat him. Police initially released him, but on Oct. 26, authorities arrested him under the anti-conversion law.

As of February 2025, Pastor Mathew remains in jail while his wife Rini cares for their two daughters. Within two weeks of his arrest, Hindu nationalist groups claimed they had “re-converted” 30 families from his church to Hinduism.

“These laws often shift the burden of proof onto the accused,” the EFIRLC report states, “making legal defense nearly impossible, even when allegations are baseless.”

Currently, 11 states have anti-conversion laws, with Rajasthan and Arunachal Pradesh moving toward stricter enforcement.

Growing Crisis and Calls for Action

By the end of 2024, 400 Christian leaders wrote to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, condemning the violence against Christians and calling for immediate intervention.

“It saddens us that nearly all political leaders, including those in the Union and state governments, have remained silent,” they wrote in a Dec. 31 letter. “Rising hate speech, especially from elected officials, has emboldened acts of violence against Christians.”

The EFIRLC emphasized that its 640 verified cases likely represent only a fraction of actual incidents, as many victims fear reporting due to police inaction and intimidation.

“The climate of fear prevents many Christians from seeking justice,” Lal said. “Even when cases are filed, legal delays, wrongful imprisonments, and acquittals of perpetrators are common.”

India’s Worsening Religious Freedom Record

India ranked 11th on Open Doors’ 2025 World Watch List of the most difficult countries for Christians, a stark rise from 31st place in 2013.

Religious freedom advocates blame the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government, led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), for fostering an atmosphere of hostility toward non-Hindus. Since Prime Minister Modi took office in May 2014, Hindu nationalist groups have increasingly targeted Christians with impunity.

The EFI has urged authorities to:

• Protect at-risk Christian communities
• Hold extremist groups accountable
• Prevent the misuse of anti-conversion laws
• Ensure fair legal proceedings for religious minorities

“Religious freedom is a cornerstone of India’s constitution,” Lal said. “We must uphold these values to protect every Indian, regardless of faith.”

US Vice President JD Vance and Second Lady Usha Vance are set to visit India later this month, marking the Vice President’s second overseas trip since assuming office on January 20, 2025.

This trip will be particularly significant for Usha Vance, as it will be her first visit to India as the Second Lady. India holds special meaning for her since her parents emigrated from the country to the United States, and she was raised in San Diego, California. In addition, JD Vance will be making history as the first US Vice President to visit India within the first 100 days of taking office.

According to a Politico report, three individuals familiar with the planning have confirmed that the Vice President’s visit to India is scheduled.

The upcoming trip takes place against the backdrop of heightened tensions between the United States and India concerning trade tariffs. Vance’s first international visit occurred in February when he traveled to France and Germany. During the Munich Security Conference, his statements drew criticism from several US allies in Europe.

During his stay in France, Vance met with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the sidelines of the AI Summit in Paris. Their interaction was described as cordial, with Modi presenting an eco-friendly wooden alphabet set to Vance’s daughter, Mirabel Rose Vance, as a gift. Additionally, the Prime Minister participated in the celebration of the birthday of the Vice President’s son, Vivek.

Following their meeting, Prime Minister Modi shared on X, “Had a wonderful meeting with US Vice President JD Vance and his family. We had a great conversation on various subjects. Delighted to join them in celebrating the joyous birthday of their son, Vivek!”

Expressing his appreciation for the gesture, Vance replied, “Prime Minister Modi was gracious and kind, and our kids really enjoyed the gifts. I’m grateful to him for the wonderful conversation.”

India’s state-owned refiners are set to complete the world’s longest liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) pipeline by June, a major milestone expected to significantly reduce fuel transportation costs and mitigate the risk of fatal road accidents.

“This will be a game changer in the LPG supply chain,” stated N. Senthil Kumar, director of pipelines at Indian Oil Corp., in an interview. “It’s like putting LPG on a conveyor belt.”

The $1.3 billion infrastructure project is anticipated to replace hundreds of trucks currently transporting LPG from refineries to bottling facilities across the country, a method that increases the risk of accidents. A recent example was seen last month when a tanker overturned in Coimbatore, causing disruptions in the southern city. Similarly, in December, an accident involving an Indian Oil truck in Jaipur resulted in 20 fatalities, 45 injuries, and damage to three dozen vehicles.

Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum Corp., and Hindustan Petroleum Corp. have collaborated to establish IHB, a joint venture responsible for constructing the extensive 2,800-kilometer pipeline. This network will stretch from Kandla on India’s west coast to Gorakhpur in the north. According to Kumar, who also serves as the chairman of the joint venture, the first phase is slated for commissioning in March, with full-scale operations expected by mid-year.

The pipeline will have the capacity to transport approximately 8.3 million tons of LPG annually, accounting for around 25% of India’s total demand. This development is set to notably cut transportation expenses in the world’s third-largest consumer of the fuel, as nearly 70% of bottling plants still rely on truck deliveries. In response to growing volumes and safety concerns, the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board has been advocating for the expansion of the nation’s pipeline infrastructure.

Domestic consumption of LPG, primarily used for cooking, has surged by 80% over the past decade, reaching 29.6 million tons in the fiscal year that ended in March 2024. This increase has surpassed the 47% growth seen in overall demand for refined oil products. The rise in LPG usage has been largely driven by government subsidies under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s administration, which aims to encourage low-income households to transition away from polluting biomass fuels for cooking.

Despite its significance, the project has faced multiple setbacks since its announcement in 2019. Delays were caused by pandemic-induced lockdowns as well as supply chain disruptions stemming from Russia’s war in Ukraine. India’s current LPG pipeline network spans nearly 5,000 kilometers, and this latest expansion marks a crucial step in strengthening the country’s energy infrastructure.