Category: Health

A New Jersey man’s death has been linked to a tick-borne allergy to red meat, highlighting the dangers of alpha-gal syndrome, according to researchers at UVA Health.

A 47-year-old man from New Jersey has become the first known fatality associated with a tick-borne allergy to red meat, as reported by researchers at UVA Health in Virginia. The man, whose identity has not been disclosed, died last summer just four hours after consuming a hamburger. This incident followed a similar reaction two weeks earlier after he ate steak.

During the earlier episode, the man experienced severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting after consuming the steak, according to a press release from UVA Health. Initially, his death was categorized as “sudden unexplained death” until Dr. Thomas Platts-Mills of UVA Health identified it as a fatal allergic reaction.

The allergy in question is known as alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), commonly referred to as “red-meat allergy” or “tick bite meat allergy.” It is triggered by the bite of the Lone Star tick, which is predominantly found in the Southeastern and Eastern United States. The tick’s saliva contains a sugar molecule called alpha-gal, which, once injected into the body, can lead to allergic reactions to certain types of red meat, including pork, beef, rabbit, lamb, and venison, as well as products derived from mammals such as cheese, milk, and gelatin.

Individuals who consume foods containing these allergens may experience serious symptoms within a few hours, although reactions can vary in severity. Common symptoms include rash, nausea, and vomiting after eating red meat. Other potential reactions may involve itchy or scaly skin, swelling of the lips, face, tongue, and throat, as well as wheezing or shortness of breath, according to the Mayo Clinic.

While fatal anaphylaxis is a rare occurrence in severe cases, the New Jersey man’s death marks the first instance attributed to AGS. Dr. Platts-Mills noted that other factors may have contributed to the man’s severe reaction, including a beer he consumed with his hamburger, exposure to ragweed pollen, and recent physical activity.

Dr. Platts-Mills emphasized the importance of public awareness regarding the symptoms of AGS. “Severe abdominal pain occurring three to five hours after eating beef, pork, or lamb should be investigated as a possible episode of anaphylaxis,” he stated. He also cautioned that tick bites that itch for more than a week or larvae of ticks, often referred to as ‘chiggers,’ can increase sensitization to mammalian-derived meat.

Diagnosis of AGS typically requires antibody testing and a clinical examination. Unfortunately, many patients face a lengthy journey to diagnosis, averaging about seven years, according to Dr. Johanna Salzer, a CDC epidemiologist and author of a 2023 report on AGS. “To get diagnosed, they have to have access to an allergist,” Salzer explained. “For many people, there are barriers to obtaining that level of treatment.”

Once diagnosed, individuals may have AGS for life. However, Salzer noted that some patients may see a decrease in their antibody levels over time if they eliminate reactive foods from their diet. Currently, there is no cure for AGS, but physicians can assist patients in managing their symptoms. “Healthcare providers can offer various strategies to alleviate symptoms based on individual reactions,” Salzer said. For those experiencing severe reactions, EpiPens may be prescribed to counteract potential anaphylactic shock.

To prevent tick bites, Salzer recommends using EPA-approved insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE), para-menthane-diol (PMD), or 2-undecanone when venturing into areas where ticks may be present. Additionally, wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks, as well as avoiding grassy, brushy, and wooded areas, can help reduce the risk of bites.

After returning from tick-prone areas, individuals should shower and conduct a thorough check for ticks. Dr. Platts-Mills urged both doctors and patients in regions where Lone Star ticks are prevalent to remain vigilant about the risks associated with AGS. “If they experience unexpected episodes of severe abdominal pain occurring several hours after consuming mammalian meat, they should be evaluated for possible sensitization to the oligosaccharide alpha-gal,” he advised.

As awareness of alpha-gal syndrome continues to grow, health professionals stress the importance of recognizing symptoms and seeking timely medical attention.

Source: Original article

Researchers have developed an innovative drug-delivery implant that may help patients with hard-to-treat bladder cancer avoid surgery and maintain long-term cancer-free status.

In a significant advancement for bladder cancer treatment, researchers have introduced a new drug-delivery implant that could allow patients to avoid bladder removal surgery. This innovative approach targets a challenging form of bladder cancer known as BCG-unresponsive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

The experimental drug, TAR-200, has shown promise in clinical trials conducted by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. Traditionally, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the first-line immunotherapy for early-stage bladder cancers. However, for patients whose cancer does not respond to BCG, options have been limited.

TAR-200 is a small device that releases the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine directly into the bladder. The implant is inserted through a simple outpatient procedure that does not require general anesthesia. This method allows for a targeted delivery of the drug, potentially reducing the need for more invasive treatments.

Dr. Sia Daneshmand, director of urologic oncology at Keck Medicine of USC and lead author of the study, emphasized the significance of this new therapy. “Traditionally, these patients have had very limited treatment options. This new therapy is the most effective one reported to date for the most common form of bladder cancer,” he stated in a press release. “The findings of the clinical trial are a breakthrough in how certain types of bladder cancer might be treated, leading to improved outcomes and saved lives.”

Bladder cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer among men and the eleventh most common among women. According to the Urology Care Foundation, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer affects the tissue lining the bladder’s inner surface. High-risk NMIBC is particularly concerning due to its higher likelihood of recurrence following treatment.

The study aimed to provide an alternative for patients whose cancer recurred despite standard therapies. Previously, the standard treatment for these patients involved surgical removal of the bladder and surrounding tissues, a procedure that carries significant health risks and can adversely affect quality of life.

In the clinical trial, participants with high-risk NMIBC who did not respond to BCG were divided into groups to test various drug combinations and treatment methods. One group received TAR-200 every three weeks for approximately six months, followed by maintenance treatments every 12 weeks for up to two years.

Among the 85 patients in this group, an impressive 82.4% showed no detectable signs of cancer following treatment. Furthermore, 52.9% remained cancer-free at the one-year mark, with many maintaining their cancer-free status for over two years without the need for additional therapy.

In another group of patients with a less aggressive form of early-stage bladder cancer, early disease-free survival rates were recorded at 85.3% at six months and 81.1% at nine months. Notably, 94% of participants in this group were able to retain their bladders.

The results of the clinical trial were published earlier this year in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. However, researchers caution that this data is still in the mid-stage (Phase 2b) of testing. Larger-scale trials and regulatory reviews will be necessary before TAR-200 can be considered standard care.

As the researchers noted, “Because the study didn’t include a traditional comparison (no randomized control arm), we can’t definitively say how TAR-200 stacks up against other treatments in a fair head-to-head way.” They also pointed out that the patient group studied is a specific subset of those who are BCG-unresponsive and eligible for bladder preservation, which may not represent all bladder cancer cases.

Additionally, the follow-up period remains relatively short, and the number of participants modest. Consequently, the long-term benefits of TAR-200 and its applicability to larger, more diverse populations are still uncertain.

As research continues, the hope is that TAR-200 and similar therapies will provide new avenues for treatment, improving outcomes for patients battling bladder cancer.

Source: Original article

Chronic kidney disease has emerged as the ninth leading cause of death globally, impacting 788 million individuals, according to a recent comprehensive health study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has officially been ranked as the ninth leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 788 million people affected globally. This alarming statistic comes from a significant study recently published in the journal The Lancet.

The research was conducted by a collaborative team from NYU Langone Health, the University of Glasgow, and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington. The study analyzed the global rise of kidney disease by reviewing 2,230 published papers and health datasets from 133 countries, focusing on diagnoses, mortality rates, and the overall impact of the disease.

From 1990 to 2023, the number of CKD cases surged from 378 million to 788 million, marking the first time the disease has entered the top ten list of the most deadly diseases globally. The findings were part of the Global Burden of Disease 2023 study, which also indicated that approximately 14% of the adult population worldwide suffers from chronic kidney disease.

In 2023 alone, around 1.5 million people died from kidney disease, reflecting an increase of over 6% since 1993. Most individuals identified in the study were in the early stages of the disease, which can often be managed or improved through medication and lifestyle changes before more invasive treatments like dialysis or surgery become necessary.

The research findings were presented at the American Society of Nephrology’s annual Kidney Week conference, and the authors described it as “the most comprehensive estimate of the condition in nearly a decade.”

Chronic kidney disease impairs the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the bloodstream. While mild cases may not exhibit any symptoms, advanced stages can necessitate dialysis, kidney replacement therapy, or even organ transplants. Additionally, impaired kidney function has been identified as a significant risk factor for heart disease, contributing to approximately 12% of global cardiovascular mortality.

The study identified several key risk factors for developing kidney disease, including high blood sugar, high blood pressure, and elevated body mass index (BMI). Dr. Josef Coresh, M.D., Ph.D., director of NYU Langone’s Optimal Aging Institute, emphasized the urgency of these findings, stating that chronic kidney disease is “common, deadly, and getting worse as a major public health issue.”

Dr. Coresh further noted that these results should prompt policymakers to prioritize CKD alongside other major health concerns such as cancer, heart disease, and mental health issues.

Dr. Morgan Grams, M.D., Ph.D., the Susan and Morris Mark Professor of Medicine at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine and co-lead author of the study, highlighted that chronic kidney disease is often “underdiagnosed and undertreated.” She stressed the importance of increased urine testing to catch the disease early and ensuring that patients have access to affordable therapies once diagnosed.

Recent advancements in medications have shown promise in slowing disease progression and reducing the risks of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. However, Dr. Grams cautioned that it may take time to observe the global impact of these new treatments.

Dr. Marc Siegel, a senior medical analyst at Fox News, commented on the “dramatic increase” in kidney disease cases, agreeing that the condition is “vastly underestimated and underdiagnosed,” particularly because early stages often lack noticeable symptoms. He explained that the kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste and managing electrolytes and acid-base balance, making them sensitive to fluctuations in blood pressure and blood flow.

Dr. Siegel noted that conditions such as high blood pressure, obesity, heart disease, and diabetes can significantly affect kidney function, leading to secondary kidney disease and failure. He urged healthcare providers to be more vigilant regarding kidney health and the effects of certain medications on kidney function.

This study received funding from the National Institutes of Health, the Gates Foundation, and the National Kidney Foundation, underscoring the importance of addressing chronic kidney disease as a pressing public health challenge.

Source: Original article

A recent study indicates that treating gum disease may lower cardiovascular risk by 10% annually, highlighting the significant heart health benefits of intensive dental cleanings.

A new study conducted by researchers at University College London (UCL) reveals that treating gum disease can significantly reduce cardiovascular risk. The findings suggest that intensive dental cleanings may provide heart health benefits beyond improving oral hygiene.

The two-year study focused on individuals suffering from periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease. Participants who received intensive treatment, which included a full-mouth deep cleaning and regular follow-ups, exhibited slower thickening and clogging of a major neck artery compared to those who only received routine cleanings. The research was published this month in the European Heart Journal.

In this randomized controlled trial, 135 adults with periodontitis were tracked at UCL’s Eastman Dental Institute. Periodontitis can arise from various factors, including poor oral hygiene, genetics, smoking, and uncontrolled diabetes. At the 12- and 24-month marks, those who underwent intensive deep cleanings showed reduced gum inflammation and fewer bacteria entering their bloodstream. Their arterial health was also notably better than that of participants who received standard scale-and-polish care, which primarily removes plaque and tartar buildup.

Dr. Marco Orlandi, a co-author of the study, noted that participants receiving intensive gum disease treatment experienced a 0.02 millimeter reduction in the thickening of their carotid arteries over the two-year period. “This is a significant result, as even a 0.01 millimeter reduction corresponds to a 10% decrease in cardiovascular disease risk,” Orlandi explained. He emphasized that this suggests participants may have reduced their risk by approximately 10% each year.

Healthcare professionals often monitor the thickness of the carotid artery wall as an early warning sign for clogged arteries, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Although this study did not track actual heart events, the observed changes in arterial health and reduced gum inflammation suggest that improved oral health could play a role in combating cardiovascular disease.

Professor John Deanfield, the lead author of the study and director of cardiovascular prevention at UCL, stated, “This is among the most robust evidence to date that oral and cardiovascular health are interconnected.” He added that addressing periodontitis could become a vital strategy in preventing serious heart and brain events, such as heart attacks and strokes.

Another co-author, Professor Francesco D’Aiuto, emphasized the need for medical and dental professionals to collaborate more closely in recognizing and addressing the cardiovascular implications of gum disease. Periodontitis affects approximately 40% of adults worldwide and can lead to symptoms such as bleeding, swelling, and tenderness of the gums, as well as tooth loss if left untreated.

Dr. Catrise Austin, a New York City cosmetic dentist and host of the “Let’s Talk Smiles” podcast, commented on the findings, stating, “Your gums are part of your vascular system. If they’re inflamed and bleeding, your arteries feel it.” Although she was not involved in the study, she believes the results underscore the importance of healthcare providers paying closer attention to their patients’ gum health.

Austin recommends that patients adopt a proactive approach to oral health by brushing twice daily, flossing daily, scheduling regular professional cleanings, quitting smoking, and managing conditions such as diabetes. “These steps not only protect your smile but also lower inflammation that contributes to cardiovascular disease,” she said.

The study was supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) and the NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Center, in collaboration with University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. It adds to a growing body of research linking gum health to overall well-being.

Earlier this year, an analysis of over 500,000 individuals in the U.K. Biobank found that those exhibiting signs of gum disease, such as bleeding or painful gums, were more likely to have multiple chronic conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, and depression. While previous research indicated a correlation between gum disease and higher cardiovascular risk, this study provides evidence that treating gum disease may indeed reduce the likelihood of heart attacks or strokes.

Fox News Digital has reached out to the study’s authors for further comment.

Source: Original article

New research indicates that heavy alcohol consumption may lead to strokes occurring 11 years earlier than in light drinkers, with significant implications for brain health.

A recent study from Harvard University has revealed alarming insights into the relationship between alcohol consumption and stroke risk. The research indicates that individuals who consume three or more alcoholic drinks daily may experience strokes significantly earlier than those who drink less. Published in the medical journal *Neurology*, the study highlights not only the earlier onset of strokes but also the increased severity of brain bleeds associated with heavy drinking.

The study analyzed data from 1,600 adults, averaging 75 years of age, who were hospitalized for intracerebral hemorrhage, a type of stroke caused by bleeding within the brain. During their hospital stays, participants were questioned about their drinking habits, either directly or through family members. Approximately 7% of the participants were classified as heavy drinkers, defined as consuming three or more drinks daily. For the purposes of this study, one drink was quantified as a 12-ounce beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or a 1.5-ounce shot of liquor.

Brain scans conducted on the participants revealed the severity of the bleeds and assessed whether patients exhibited signs of cerebral small vessel disease. This condition damages the brain’s tiny blood vessels and is linked to aging, high blood pressure, and dementia. The findings indicated that heavy drinkers experienced brain bleeds at an average age of 64, compared to 75 for non-heavy drinkers, marking an 11-year difference. Furthermore, the brain bleeds in heavy drinkers were, on average, 70% larger.

The study also found that heavy drinkers were twice as likely to experience bleeding deep within the brain and nearly twice as likely to have bleeding that extended into the brain’s fluid-filled spaces, a serious complication known as intraventricular extension. Additionally, these individuals were three times more likely to suffer from severe white matter damage, a condition linked to long-term cognitive decline and accelerated brain aging.

While previous research has established a connection between alcohol consumption and stroke risk, this study suggests that heavy drinking may also exacerbate small vessel disease, making the brain more susceptible to severe strokes and hindering recovery. Dr. M. Edip Gurol, the lead author of the study, emphasized the importance of reducing heavy alcohol consumption. “Reducing heavy alcohol use may not only lower a person’s risk of bleeding stroke, but it may also slow the progression of cerebral small vessel disease, which in turn may reduce the chances of having another stroke, cognitive decline, and long-term disability,” Gurol stated in a press release.

Jennifer Tujague, chief scientist at the International Alliance for Responsible Drinking (IARD) in Washington, D.C., commented on the study, noting that its findings align with previous epidemiological studies linking heavier drinking to an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke. “Heavier drinking is also associated with high blood pressure, which is a contributing factor for this type of stroke,” she remarked.

However, the authors of the study acknowledged certain limitations. The research utilized a cross-sectional study design, meaning it examined data from a single point in time rather than tracking individuals over an extended period. Consequently, researchers cannot definitively conclude whether drinking caused the strokes or merely worsened their outcomes. Additionally, alcohol consumption was self-reported, which may lead to inaccuracies in the data, as participants could have underestimated or overestimated their drinking habits. Information regarding lifetime drinking patterns was also not available.

As the conversation around alcohol consumption and health continues, this study serves as a critical reminder of the potential risks associated with heavy drinking, particularly concerning brain health and stroke risk.

Source: Original article

New research indicates that resistance training may be more effective than cardio for blood sugar control and diabetes prevention, offering significant metabolic benefits.

New findings from Virginia Tech’s Fralin Biomedical Research Institute suggest that weightlifting may surpass cardio workouts in managing blood sugar levels and preventing diabetes. The study highlights the advantages of resistance training, such as weightlifting and bodyweight exercises, in enhancing the body’s ability to regulate sugar and fat.

To investigate the impact of different exercise types on metabolism, researchers fed mice a high-fat diet designed to replicate human obesity and insulin resistance, both of which are significant risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The mice were divided into two exercise groups: one group engaged in endurance training by running on a wheel, while the other group performed strength training by lifting a weighted door to access their food, simulating squats with increasing loads.

After several weeks, both exercise groups exhibited substantial health improvements compared to sedentary mice, including reductions in body fat, enhanced blood sugar control, and more efficient insulin utilization. However, the strength training group demonstrated superior results.

“Our data showed that both running and weightlifting reduce fat in the abdomen and under the skin, and improve blood glucose maintenance, with better insulin signaling in skeletal muscle,” said Zhen Yan, professor and director of the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech’s Center for Exercise Medicine Research, in a press release.

Yan emphasized that “weightlifting outperforms running in these health benefits.” The mice that engaged in weightlifting not only shed more subcutaneous fat but also significantly decreased visceral fat, which encircles internal organs and heightens diabetes risk. Furthermore, these mice were more effective at clearing sugar from their bloodstream compared to their running counterparts.

Interestingly, the benefits observed were not solely attributed to increased muscle mass. The researchers discovered that resistance training induced distinct metabolic changes and muscle signaling that enhanced glucose regulation.

While this study was conducted on mice rather than humans, it contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting the notion that strength training is a vital component of metabolic health. This finding could be particularly encouraging for individuals who may struggle with prolonged cardio sessions, as it highlights resistance training as a viable alternative.

“The findings also bring good news for people who, for any number of reasons, cannot engage in endurance-type exercise,” Yan noted. “Weight training has equal, if not better, anti-diabetes benefits.”

The researchers advocate for a combination of cardio and strength training to achieve optimal health outcomes, suggesting a balanced approach that benefits the heart, muscles, and metabolism.

“The take-home message is that you should do both endurance and resistance exercise, if possible, to get the most health benefit,” Yan added.

The study has been published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science, further solidifying the role of resistance training in diabetes prevention and overall metabolic health.

Source: Original article

New research indicates that common viral infections, such as COVID-19 and influenza, significantly increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes in the weeks following infection.

Recent findings suggest that certain viral infections may heighten an individual’s susceptibility to heart disease. A comprehensive study revealed that individuals who contracted COVID-19 or influenza experienced a “dramatically” increased risk of heart attack or stroke—up to three to five times higher—within weeks of the infection. This research, which analyzed 155 scientific studies, was published this week in the Journal of the American Heart Association.

Lead author Kosuke Kawai, an adjunct associate professor at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, noted, “It is well-recognized that human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus, and other viruses can cause cancer; however, the link between viral infections and other non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, is less well understood.” Kawai added, “Our study found acute and chronic viral infections are linked to both short- and long-term risks of cardiovascular disease, including strokes and heart attacks.”

The research indicated that individuals who tested positive for influenza were four times more likely to experience a heart attack and five times more likely to suffer a stroke within the month following their diagnosis. In the case of COVID-19, the risk of heart attack or stroke was three times higher in the 14 weeks after infection, with an elevated risk persisting for up to a year.

When the body fights off a viral infection, the immune system releases chemicals that trigger inflammation and increase the likelihood of blood clotting. These effects can linger even after recovery from the infection. Ongoing inflammation and clotting can place additional strain on the heart and contribute to plaque buildup in the arteries. This may help explain why some individuals face a heightened risk of heart attacks or strokes in the weeks following a viral infection.

Dr. Bradley Serwer, an interventional cardiologist and chief medical officer at VitalSolution, emphasized the implications of these findings. “The findings suggest that low-grade inflammation plays a role by increasing the activation of blood clotting and damaging the inner lining of arteries, which supply blood to our bodies,” he stated. While the link between inflammation and cardiovascular events has been known, Serwer noted that this study reveals that many common viruses have a more significant impact than previously believed.

Markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), are associated with an increased risk of cardiac events. Inflammation can harm arteries in various ways, including causing microscopic tears that allow “bad cholesterol” (LDL) to invade and form plaque. Further inflammation can destabilize these plaques, leading to ruptures that may result in heart attacks or strokes. Additionally, inflammation activates the clotting process by stimulating platelets.

The study also identified chronic viruses, including HIV, hepatitis C, and varicella zoster virus (the virus responsible for shingles), as being linked to long-term cardiovascular risks. Individuals with HIV were found to have a 60% higher risk of heart attack and a 45% higher risk of stroke. Those with hepatitis C faced a 27% higher risk of heart attack and a 23% higher risk of stroke, while shingles increased heart attack risk by 12% and stroke risk by 18%.

Kawai pointed out that while the elevated risks associated with chronic viruses are lower than the heightened short-term risks following influenza and COVID-19, they remain clinically relevant, particularly due to their long-lasting effects. “Moreover, shingles affects about one in three people in their lifetime. Therefore, the elevated risk associated with that virus translates into a large number of excess cases of cardiovascular disease at the population level,” Kawai explained.

The researchers advocate for vaccinations against influenza, COVID-19, and shingles, citing studies that link vaccination to a reduced risk of cardiovascular complications. Kawai stated, “Preventive measures against viral infections, including vaccination, may play an important role in decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Prevention is especially important for adults who already have cardiovascular disease or risk factors.”

Serwer concurred, emphasizing that vaccination against these common viruses is a “key preventive strategy.” However, the researchers acknowledged some limitations of the study, noting that it was based on observational studies rather than randomized controlled trials. They also pointed out that most studies examined infection with a single virus, leaving it unclear how infections with multiple viruses or bacteria may have influenced the results.

The analysis focused on viral infections affecting the general public and did not identify high-risk groups, such as transplant recipients, who may be disproportionately affected. For individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, the researchers recommend consulting a healthcare provider to discuss appropriate vaccine recommendations.

Source: Original article

New research indicates that one in five individuals with normal body mass indexes (BMIs) may have hidden abdominal obesity, leading to increased health risks despite appearing thin.

For decades, body mass index (BMI) has served as a primary metric for determining whether an individual is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. However, recent global research suggests that it is possible to maintain a normal BMI while still meeting the medical criteria for obesity.

A large-scale study published in JAMA Network Open, which analyzed data from the World Health Organization (WHO), examined health information from over 471,000 adults across 91 countries. The researchers focused on individuals whose BMI fell within the normal range of 18.5 to 24.9 but who carried excess fat around their midsection, as measured by waist circumference.

The findings revealed that approximately one in five people with a normal BMI exhibited signs of abdominal obesity, characterized by a larger waistline that is associated with serious health risks. These individuals, often referred to as “skinny fat,” were not necessarily healthy despite their normal weight readings.

Compared to their counterparts with normal BMIs and smaller waistlines, those with abdominal fat faced a 29% higher likelihood of developing high blood pressure and an 81% increased risk of diabetes. They also exhibited significantly higher chances of having unhealthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In essence, their metabolic profiles resembled those of individuals classified as obese, even if their overall weight did not reflect this condition.

This research highlights a significant gap in the traditional methods of measuring obesity. While BMI considers only weight and height, it fails to account for the distribution of fat within the body. Fat that accumulates deep in the abdomen and surrounds vital organs poses particular dangers, as it can lead to inflammation, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular issues. This phenomenon is encapsulated in the term “TOFI,” which stands for “thin outside, fat inside.”

Lifestyle factors also play a crucial role, as the study indicated that individuals with normal BMIs who carried abdominal fat were more likely to lead sedentary lives, consume fewer fruits and vegetables, and hold desk jobs or be unemployed. This combination of reduced muscle mass and lack of physical activity facilitates the accumulation of visceral fat, even without a significant increase in overall weight.

The latest findings suggest that waist size may be as important to monitor as weight itself. For most adults, a waist measurement exceeding approximately 32 inches for women or 37 inches for men indicates excess abdominal fat and correlates with heightened health risks.

Despite the compelling nature of these findings, the researchers acknowledged several limitations. As the study was cross-sectional, it could only establish associations rather than definitive cause-and-effect relationships. Additionally, the data were collected from various countries and time periods, with a notable underrepresentation of high-income nations, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Furthermore, the study relied on self-reported data regarding personal habits, which could introduce variability in the reliability of the findings. Nonetheless, the WHO’s survey methods are generally considered well-validated.

In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of looking beyond BMI as a sole indicator of health. Individuals who may appear healthy based on their weight could still be at risk due to hidden abdominal obesity. Monitoring waist circumference alongside BMI could provide a more comprehensive understanding of one’s health status.

Source: Original article

As the fall season approaches, updated immunization schedules aim to streamline access to COVID-19, flu, and RSV vaccines for individuals seeking protection against respiratory illnesses.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently announced updated fall immunization schedules, which are largely consistent with last year’s guidelines. This announcement comes after a summer filled with confusion regarding changes to COVID-19 vaccine recommendations. Public health experts believe that these updates will facilitate access to vaccines for those who wish to receive them this fall.

“From a patient’s experience, there shouldn’t be anything different from what they’ve experienced in the past, except maybe they’ll get a little more information from the pharmacist,” said Hannah Fish, senior director of strategic initiatives at the National Community Pharmacists Association.

This fall, the COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for everyone aged six months and older. However, individuals are encouraged to engage in “shared clinical decision-making” with their healthcare providers before receiving the vaccine. This model allows for discussions between patients and providers, which can include doctors, pharmacists, or other health professionals administering the shots. The CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has emphasized that vaccination is particularly beneficial for those under 65 who are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes.

While the CDC’s recommendations cover a broad age range, there may be some complications in practice. Although health plans are required to cover the vaccine without charging consumers, some providers may hesitate to administer the shot to individuals under 65 unless they have underlying health conditions that increase their risk of severe COVID-19. This aligns with the Food and Drug Administration’s labeling for the COVID-19 vaccine.

“It’s a nuance that could occur in an interaction between a provider and a patient,” said Jen Kates, a senior vice president and director of global and public health policy at KFF, a health information nonprofit.

If a provider refuses to administer the vaccine to a healthy individual due to concerns about off-label use, experts suggest that patients can seek the vaccine from another provider. “They could go to a different pharmacy,” Kates noted.

In response to the declining uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine—only 23% of adults reported receiving the current vaccine as of late April—many states have stepped in to ensure access. According to Kates, 21 states and the District of Columbia have adopted broader recommendations than those set by the federal government.

Despite the availability of the vaccine, fewer pharmacies and healthcare providers may choose to stock it due to low demand. Jeff Levin-Scherz, a primary care doctor and population health leader at WTW, noted that large chains like CVS and Walgreens have sufficient supply to meet demand, but the additional barriers some individuals might face could hinder vaccination rates.

“To get more people to get vaccines, the key is making vaccination really easy and to take steps out,” Levin-Scherz emphasized.

In contrast, the flu vaccine tends to attract more interest than the COVID-19 vaccine, although only 47% of adults received a flu shot during the last flu season. The CDC recommends that nearly everyone aged six months and older receive an annual flu shot, and these vaccines should be widely available at pharmacies and physician offices. Health plans will also cover the flu shots without charging individuals.

In July, the federal Department of Health and Human Services mandated that flu vaccines must not contain thimerosal, a preservative used to prevent bacterial growth. Vaccine researchers have found no evidence that this mercury-based additive is harmful. Last year, the CDC estimated that only 6% of flu vaccines contained thimerosal as a preservative.

Additionally, a new vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was approved in 2023. The CDC recommends this vaccine for individuals aged 75 and older, as well as for those aged 50 to 74 who have medical conditions that put them at risk for severe disease. Those who meet the criteria should be able to receive the RSV vaccine at their local pharmacy. It is important to note that the RSV vaccine is not an annual requirement; individuals who have already received it do not need to get it again according to current guidelines.

As the cough and cold season approaches, the updated immunization schedules aim to ensure that vaccines remain accessible to those who need them. Public health experts continue to advocate for easy access to vaccinations as a means to protect public health during this critical time.

Source: Original article

New research indicates that while men’s brains shrink faster than women’s with age, women are still diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease at nearly double the rate of men.

A recent study has brought new insights into the aging of the brain, revealing that men’s brains shrink at a faster rate than those of women. Despite this, women are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease twice as often as men. This research challenges existing assumptions about gender differences in brain aging and Alzheimer’s risk.

Published in the *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*, the study analyzed over 12,000 brain scans from nearly 5,000 healthy individuals aged between 17 and 95. Each participant underwent at least two MRI scans over time, allowing researchers to track changes in brain structure as they aged.

Anne Ravndal, a researcher at the University of Oslo in Norway, led the study and aimed to investigate whether the higher incidence of Alzheimer’s in women could be linked to differences in brain aging between genders. “Women are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease more often than men, and since aging is the main risk factor, we wanted to test whether men’s and women’s brains change differently with age,” she explained to Fox News Digital.

The findings indicated that men exhibited a faster rate of brain shrinkage across various regions compared to women. Areas particularly affected included those associated with memory, emotion, and sensory processing, such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal regions.

In contrast, women’s brains maintained their size in more areas, although they did show a slight increase in the size of the brain’s fluid-filled spaces, known as ventricles. “Our findings show that men experience greater structural brain decline across more regions, meaning that normal brain aging doesn’t explain the sex difference in Alzheimer’s rates,” Ravndal stated.

Despite the observed differences in brain shrinkage, researchers concluded that changes in brain size alone cannot account for the disparity in Alzheimer’s diagnoses between men and women. “The results instead point toward other possible explanations, such as differences in longevity, diagnostic patterns, or biological factors,” Ravndal noted.

For instance, women generally have a longer lifespan, which extends the period during which Alzheimer’s can develop. Additionally, hormonal changes during menopause may influence how brain cells age, according to experts. Some researchers also suggest that women may be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s more frequently because they are more likely to seek medical help when experiencing memory issues.

However, Ravndal acknowledged a limitation of the study: it focused solely on healthy individuals, excluding those already exhibiting signs of dementia. The participants were also predominantly well-educated and drawn from multiple study sites, which may affect the generalizability of the findings.

Ravndal emphasized that the study is not intended to provide direct health recommendations for individuals. “Rather, it helps refine scientific understanding by showing that normal brain aging does not account for women’s higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease,” she said. She added that future research should aim to identify the underlying mechanisms contributing to these observed differences.

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A new study indicates that low-dose radiation therapy may serve as an effective treatment alternative for knee osteoarthritis, bridging the gap between pain medications and joint replacement surgery.

A recent study suggests that low-dose radiation therapy could provide a new treatment option for patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis, potentially filling a critical gap between pain medications and joint replacement surgery. This research, conducted by a team in Korea, was presented at the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) annual meeting in September.

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by pain, swelling, and stiffness in the knees, which tends to worsen over time. The study indicates that a single course of low-dose radiation could be a “safe and effective” treatment for alleviating the painful symptoms associated with this condition.

The randomized clinical trial involved 114 patients diagnosed with moderate-to-mild knee osteoarthritis. Participants were assigned to receive either a very low dose of radiation, a low dose, or a placebo. Throughout the study, the only additional pain relief allowed was acetaminophen.

Participants underwent six treatment sessions, during which researchers evaluated “meaningful improvement” based on at least two of the following criteria: pain levels, physical function, and overall assessment of their condition. Additionally, patients completed questionnaires to report their pain, stiffness, and functional abilities. Notably, none of the participants reported any treatment-related side effects.

After four months of treatment, 70% of those in the low-dose radiation group met the criteria for meaningful improvement, compared to just 42% in the placebo group. Participants receiving the very low dose of radiation experienced a 58.3% improvement in their symptoms.

Experts noted that these findings suggest the low-dose radiation regimen “drove relief beyond placebo effects.” In the low-dose group, 56.8% of participants reported significant improvements in pain, stiffness, and physical function scores, while only 30.6% of those in the placebo group experienced similar benefits.

The study concluded that low-dose radiation led to significant reductions in pain and improvements in function after four months, utilizing a “small fraction” of the radiation typically used in cancer treatments.

Dr. Byoung Hyuck Kim, the principal investigator of the trial and an assistant professor of radiation oncology at Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, emphasized the challenging decisions faced by individuals with painful knee osteoarthritis. They often must weigh the risks of side effects from pain medications against the potential complications of joint replacement surgery.

“There’s a clinical need for moderate interventions between weak pain medications and aggressive surgery,” Dr. Kim stated. “We believe radiation may be a suitable option for these patients, particularly when drugs and injections are poorly tolerated.”

He further explained that radiation therapy might be particularly beneficial for patients who have underlying inflammation and preserved joint structure. However, he cautioned that for those with severe osteoarthritis, where the joint is significantly damaged and cartilage is absent, radiation would not regenerate tissue. “For individuals with mild to moderate disease, this approach could delay the need for joint replacement,” he added.

Dr. Kim also suggested that this treatment should be considered in conjunction with other lifestyle factors, such as weight loss, physiotherapy, and medications, as the effects could be “even stronger when radiation is properly combined with other treatments.” He noted that patient satisfaction may also be higher compared to current treatment options alone.

While the study presents promising results, the researchers acknowledged some limitations, including a relatively short follow-up period. Plans for larger trials are underway to further evaluate outcomes in specific patient populations, comparing low-dose radiation with various medication regimens.

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Experts warn that the rise of antibiotic-resistant superbugs poses a significant global health threat, with the World Health Organization reporting that antimicrobial resistance is outpacing advancements in modern medicine.

Antibiotic-resistant superbugs are becoming an increasingly alarming global health concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that one in every six bacterial infections is now resistant to antibiotics. This warning comes as part of a press release issued by the agency on Monday, highlighting the urgent need for more responsible use of antibiotic medications.

Based on data collected from over 100 countries between 2016 and 2023, the WHO found that resistance to antibiotics has risen in approximately 40% of infection samples. This troubling trend underscores the growing threat posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

The report identifies eight common bacterial pathogens that are of particular concern: Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, non-typhoidal Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Among these, the most dangerous infections are caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, especially E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which can lead to severe health complications such as sepsis, organ failure, and death.

Antibiotics are part of a broader category of medications known as antimicrobials, which also includes antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics. When bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites become resistant to these medicines, it results in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), significantly increasing the risk of severe illness, disability, or death, according to WHO.

“Antimicrobial resistance is outpacing advances in modern medicine, threatening the health of families worldwide,” stated WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus in a statement accompanying the report. “We must use antibiotics responsibly and ensure everyone has access to the right medicines, quality-assured diagnostics, and vaccines.”

According to a study by the Global Research on Antimicrobial Resistance (GRAM) Project, more than one million deaths each year are directly linked to antibiotic resistance. While some instances of AMR can occur naturally as germs mutate over time, the WHO cautions that misuse and overuse of antibiotics and other antimicrobials are significant contributing factors.

Dr. Marc Siegel, a senior medical analyst for Fox News, expressed concern over the findings in WHO’s latest report. “These are aggressive bacteria that are more and more difficult to treat,” he said. “Carbapenem resistance, in particular, is very tough to treat, as is multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis.” Carbapenems are classified as “last-line antibiotics” used to manage serious multidrug-resistant infections, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Siegel pointed out that the overuse of antibiotics, particularly for common upper respiratory infections and serious hospital-acquired infections, is a primary contributor to the rise of AMR. He noted that antibiotics are not very profitable for pharmaceutical companies to develop, as they are typically used only during infections, rather than on a daily basis. Consequently, the medical community often relies on antibiotics that have been in use for decades.

Artificial intelligence (AI) may offer a potential solution to this growing crisis. Siegel suggested that AI could expedite the development of new antibiotics at a lower cost through machine learning, as well as improve sanitation and promote more judicious use of antibiotics in fighting infections.

To address the issue of antimicrobial resistance, the WHO is calling for enhanced surveillance of AMR and antimicrobial usage through its Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS). The organization emphasizes the need for countries to strengthen laboratory systems and generate reliable surveillance data, particularly from underserved areas, to inform treatment strategies and health policies.

“Countries must commit to strengthening laboratory systems and generating reliable surveillance data, especially from underserved areas, to inform treatments and policies,” the report stated. “WHO calls on all countries to report high-quality data on AMR and antimicrobial use to GLASS by 2030.”

Source: Original article

A recent study from UC Irvine reveals how inulin fiber can reshape gut bacteria to metabolize harmful fructose, potentially protecting the liver from sugar damage.

A new study from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) has shed light on how dietary fiber, particularly inulin, plays a crucial role in protecting the body from the damaging effects of sugar. This research, conducted by the UCI School of Medicine, emphasizes the importance of gut health in metabolizing sugars effectively.

Inulin is a naturally occurring fiber found in various vegetables, including onions, garlic, and artichokes. According to lead researcher Cholsoon Jang, PhD, from UCI’s Nutrient Metabolism & Disease Lab, the study demonstrates that consuming inulin can significantly alter the composition of gut bacteria, enabling them to metabolize harmful fructose before it reaches the liver.

The findings, published in the journal Nature Metabolism, reveal a new dimension of fiber’s protective benefits, extending beyond digestion to how the body processes sugar at the molecular level. Jang noted, “We found that consuming a type of dietary fiber called inulin changes the bacteria in the gut to promote the consumption of harmful dietary fructose.”

Fructose, a common sugar found in fruits and many sweetened foods, can pose health risks when consumed in excess. The study found that when individuals consume fructose, the gut bacteria in the small intestine can metabolize it effectively, preventing it from overwhelming the liver. However, without sufficient fiber intake, excess fructose can “spill over,” leading to fat accumulation in the liver.

By introducing inulin into the diet, researchers discovered that gut bacteria could efficiently break down fructose early in the digestive process, thus averting potential metabolic damage. Remarkably, once these bacteria were “primed” by inulin, they were able to reverse signs of fatty liver disease, reducing fat accumulation and enhancing the liver’s natural antioxidant levels.

Jang emphasized the significance of these findings, stating that not all calories are created equal. The research provides valuable insights into how fiber can protect health from harmful nutrients like fructose. The study specifically focused on non-obese participants, highlighting that metabolic damage is not exclusive to those who are overweight. Even individuals who appear healthy may experience liver stress and insulin resistance if their gut microbes are not adequately equipped to handle excess fructose.

By identifying specific gut bacteria and metabolic pathways involved in this process, the researchers believe their findings could inform personalized nutrition strategies. Jang mentioned that future research will investigate whether other common fibers, beyond inulin, can elicit similar protective effects against sugar damage.

The implications of this research extend beyond academic interest. If certain fibers can effectively train gut microbes to neutralize sugar before it inflicts harm on the liver, this could pave the way for new treatments for conditions such as fatty liver disease, diabetes, obesity, and even cancer.

For now, the study underscores that dietary fiber not only aids in digestion but also serves as a defender of metabolic health. As Jang articulated, “For example, by checking how well someone’s gut bacteria clears fructose before the body absorbs it, we can choose the right prebiotic or probiotic supplement for that person to improve results and reduce side effects.”

This research highlights the critical role of dietary choices in maintaining metabolic health and suggests that increasing fiber intake could be a simple yet effective strategy for mitigating the adverse effects of high-sugar diets.

Source: Original article

Researchers have found a link between exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE), a common chemical, and an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease, according to a recent study.

A recent study published in the journal Neurology has revealed a connection between trichloroethylene (TCE), a widely used chemical in the United States, and an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. Researchers from the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona, analyzed data from over 222,000 individuals recently diagnosed with Parkinson’s, alongside more than 1.1 million people without the disease.

TCE is a chlorinated solvent commonly employed for degreasing metal parts and in industrial cleaning processes. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), TCE is regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act due to its potential health risks, which include liver and kidney cancers, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and damage to the central nervous system, immune system, and reproductive organs. The chemical has also been linked to fetal heart defects.

Previous research has indicated that TCE can cross the blood-brain barrier when inhaled or ingested, potentially causing neuronal damage. In this latest study, the researchers specifically examined the relationship between ambient TCE exposure and Parkinson’s disease risk, particularly focusing on individuals living near facilities that emit TCE.

Dr. Brittany Krzyzanowski, Ph.D., an assistant professor of neurology at Barrow, stated, “We found a nationwide relationship between ambient TCE and Parkinson’s disease risk and some compelling patterns of high risk in individuals who live near certain facilities that emit TCE compared to those whose homes are farther away.”

The study identified the highest outdoor concentrations of TCE in the Rust Belt region of the U.S., as well as in several smaller areas across the country. Dr. Krzyzanowski expressed that while the association between TCE exposure and Parkinson’s disease risk is not new, this study is significant as it links ambient TCE levels in neighborhood air pollution to the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease on a national scale.

Despite these findings, the study’s observational nature means it does not definitively prove that TCE exposure causes Parkinson’s disease. Dr. Krzyzanowski noted that the research was limited to Medicare-aged individuals, which means the results may not apply to cases of early-onset Parkinson’s disease.

Dr. Aaron Ellenbogen, a neurologist and lead physician at the Parkinson’s Disease & Movement Disorders Center at the Michigan Institute for Neurological Disorders, acknowledged that the findings are consistent with previous research. He pointed out that the first documented case linking Parkinson’s disease to TCE exposure was published in 1969. Dr. Ellenbogen emphasized that TCE is used in various applications, including dry cleaning and industrial solvents.

While the exact mechanism by which TCE may contribute to Parkinson’s disease remains unclear, Dr. Ellenbogen suggested that it could involve a complex interplay between environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility. Dr. Guy Schwartz, co-director of the Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Center at Stony Brook Medicine, highlighted that TCE is prevalent in everyday materials such as cleaning wipes, glue, and ink, as well as in the manufacturing of soap, paper, and plastics.

Dr. Schwartz cautioned that exposure to TCE, even in small amounts over extended periods, could trigger the biochemical processes leading to the premature death of neurons, a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. He also noted that TCE is not the only risk factor to consider, suggesting that exposure to multiple neurotoxins may contribute to the onset of the disease.

Dr. Ellenbogen mentioned that avoiding TCE exposure can be challenging. He recommended using medical-grade air purifiers, filtering water, and avoiding plastic water bottles as potential measures to reduce risk. Dr. Krzyzanowski encouraged individuals to be aware of the previous studies linking TCE exposure to Parkinson’s disease and to investigate whether their communities are affected by TCE contamination. She suggested that community involvement in environmental advocacy and remediation efforts could be beneficial.

The study received support from the American Academy of Neurology and the Barrow Neurological Foundation. Fox News Digital reached out to several manufacturers of TCE for comment but did not receive a response.

Source: Original article