Trump Announces White House Faith Office and Task Force to Combat Anti-Christian Bias

U.S. President Donald Trump announced on Thursday the creation of a White House faith office and appointed Attorney General Pam Bondi to lead a newly formed task force dedicated to eliminating what he described as anti-Christian bias within the federal government.

Speaking at the National Prayer Breakfast at the U.S. Capitol, Trump called for “unity” and reflected on how his perspective on religion had “changed” after surviving two assassination attempts last year. However, during a second prayer breakfast in Washington, his remarks took on a more partisan tone as he celebrated recent political victories and announced measures aimed at protecting Christians from what he characterized as religious discrimination.

“The mission of this task force will be to immediately halt all forms of anti-Christian targeting and discrimination within the federal government, including at the DOJ, which was absolutely terrible, the IRS, the FBI, and other agencies,” Trump stated.

He further pledged that his attorney general would take decisive action to “fully prosecute anti-Christian violence and vandalism in our society and to move heaven and earth to defend the rights of Christians and religious believers nationwide.”

Although Trump did not provide specific examples of anti-Christian bias during his speech, he has previously accused the Biden administration of using federal institutions to target Christians.

On the same day, Trump signed an executive order formally establishing the task force. Its responsibilities include evaluating policies and recommending measures to eliminate “violative policies, practices, or conduct” perceived as discriminatory against Christians.

This initiative follows the Biden administration’s efforts to counter religious discrimination in other communities. In December, Biden’s administration introduced a strategy to combat anti-Muslim and anti-Arab bigotry, following a similar plan in September 2023 aimed at addressing antisemitism.

Trump’s announcement raises potential constitutional concerns regarding the separation of church and state. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution limits government involvement in promoting specific religions, and critics may question whether these new initiatives align with constitutional principles.

Since surviving an assassination attempt last year, Trump has increasingly framed his political journey in religious terms, positioning himself as a leader divinely spared for a purpose. “Many people have told me that God spared my life for a reason,” he has repeated at various campaign events across the country.

Trump continues to hold strong support among White evangelical Christian voters, a key Republican voting bloc. In recent election cycles, this group has consistently backed him due to his alignment with conservative Christian values and policies that reflect their concerns about shifting gender norms and changing family structures.

During his speech, Trump also announced the creation of a White House Faith Office, to be led by Rev. Paula White, a longtime religious adviser. This move mirrors an initiative from his first term when he established a similar office and maintained close relationships with a group of evangelical advisors.

In addition, Trump declared plans to establish a new commission on religious liberty and criticized the Biden administration for what he described as the “persecution” of religious believers through its prosecution of anti-abortion activists.

“If we don’t have religious liberty, then we don’t have a free country,” Trump emphasized.

The structure of the National Prayer Breakfast changed in 2023, splitting into two separate events. Lawmakers attended an official gathering on Capitol Hill, while a separate private event was held in a hotel ballroom for a larger audience. This shift came after concerns arose over the management and funding of the private religious group previously associated with the event.

UK Population Report: Increase in LGB Identification Among Young People Suggests Social Influence

The United Kingdom’s Office of National Statistics (ONS) has released its Annual Report on population, which includes data on sexual orientation. According to the report, 3.8% of the UK population aged 16 and older identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) in 2023, a notable rise from 2.2% in 2018. A significant trend observed is that younger individuals are more likely to identify as LGB than older age groups. Specifically, 10.4% of individuals aged 16 to 24 identified as LGB, while only 0.9% of those over 65 did the same. In 2018, the percentage of young people identifying as LGB was 4.4%, meaning that in just five years, the figure has increased by six percentage points.

What does this statistical change imply? One interpretation is that homosexuality is not purely genetic or a natural component of sexual orientation. If it were an inherent trait, the percentage of individuals identifying as homosexual would remain stable over time. Instead, the data suggests a sharp rise among younger generations within a short period. Additionally, the difference in LGB identification between younger and older individuals is pronounced. If homosexuality were innate, the percentages would be similar across all age groups. However, statistics from other countries also reflect this pattern, where the highest concentration of LGB individuals is found among younger populations.

A common counterargument is that older individuals are less likely to openly identify as LGB due to growing up in a more stigmatized social environment. This theory suggests that younger people feel more comfortable expressing their sexuality because of societal shifts in acceptance. However, this objection does not hold when considering that the survey was conducted anonymously. Respondents, including older and elderly individuals, could freely disclose their sexual orientation without external pressure. Therefore, the discrepancy between age groups cannot be entirely explained by social stigma.

This leads to the question: why are younger individuals more likely to identify as LGB? The data suggests that homosexuality has become a social trend rather than an inherent condition. Younger people tend to be more influenced by societal shifts and cultural movements. They are also more likely to challenge conventional norms and explore new identities. This could explain why the proportion of LGB individuals is higher among younger generations.

Furthermore, the increase in LGB identification between 2018 and 2023 is primarily driven by those identifying as bisexual rather than exclusively gay or lesbian. This implies that, for many, homosexuality is an experimental phase rather than a definitive shift in orientation. Many individuals who identify as bisexual still maintain an attraction to the opposite sex, reinforcing the idea that sexual orientation is fluid and influenced by external factors. This serves as additional evidence that homosexuality is not solely a natural inclination but is shaped by cultural and social conditions.

It is also worth noting that even if homosexuality were innate, it does not necessarily mean it is natural. Not all innate behaviors or characteristics can be classified as natural.

Another revealing statistic from the report states: “The majority of people that identified as LGB in 2023 had never married or had a civil union (77.2%), as compared with the 36.8% of people that identified themselves as heterosexuals.” This data highlights that a significant portion of LGB individuals remains unmarried, in contrast to heterosexual individuals.

One explanation for this trend is that most LGB individuals belong to younger age groups, which generally have lower marriage rates regardless of sexual orientation. However, another possible factor is that LGB individuals may be less inclined to enter into long-term committed relationships. Studies on same-sex relationships have suggested that homosexual individuals may have a different approach to commitment compared to heterosexuals. Research by various scholars, including D. McWirther and A. Mattison in The Male Couple (1984), M. Xiridou’s study on HIV incidence among homosexual men (AIDS, 2003), and A.P. Bell and M.S. Weinberg’s book Homo-Sexualities: A Study of Diversity Among Men and Women (1978), have explored patterns of relationship stability within the LGB community. Additionally, E. Goode and R. Troiden’s study, Correlates and Accompaniments of Promiscuous Sex Among Male Homosexuals (Psychiatry, 1980), analyzed trends in casual and committed relationships among gay men.

In countries where civil unions and same-sex marriage have been legalized, statistics indicate that relatively few LGB individuals opt for formalizing their relationships. This pattern suggests that legal recognition of same-sex unions does not necessarily lead to higher rates of marriage within the LGB community. Instead, it raises questions about whether traditional notions of commitment align with the relationship dynamics observed in same-sex couples.

Ultimately, the data challenges the perception that the rise in LGB identification is purely a result of increased acceptance or the removal of societal barriers. Instead, the figures suggest that sexuality is influenced by cultural shifts and trends. The notion that sexual orientation is an immutable trait is contradicted by the observable increase in LGB identification among younger generations. This discrepancy between age groups and the overall rise in bisexual identification reinforce the argument that sexual orientation is not solely determined by genetics or biological factors but is also shaped by social influences.

Moreover, the statistical trends contradict certain ideological narratives about homosexuality being a stable and unchanging identity. If sexual orientation were entirely innate, then the proportion of LGB individuals should remain consistent across different generations. However, the report indicates that younger generations are significantly more likely to identify as LGB than older generations, pointing toward a cultural rather than a biological explanation.

The fact that most LGB individuals remain unmarried, despite legal opportunities to do so, further supports the notion that traditional relationship structures may not hold the same appeal for same-sex couples. While some may argue that societal attitudes toward same-sex relationships are still evolving, the data suggests that differences in relationship patterns are not merely a result of external pressures but may also be linked to inherent preferences within the LGB community.

In conclusion, the UK population report presents compelling evidence that the rise in LGB identification is a recent phenomenon rather than a fixed biological reality. The increase in bisexuality suggests that many individuals view sexual orientation as a spectrum rather than a rigid category. The disparity in identification between young and old age groups supports the idea that sexuality is influenced by cultural trends and external conditioning rather than being an unchanging, genetic trait. While the debate over nature versus nurture in sexual orientation continues, these statistics highlight that societal influences play a substantial role in shaping how individuals define their sexual identities.

Pope Francis Meets Shaolin Monks at the Vatican Following Global Meditation Forum

On the morning of February 1, Pope Francis welcomed a delegation of monks from the Shaolin Temple at the Vatican. The Shaolin Temple, an important site in the history of Buddhism in China, is renowned for its preservation of Zen Buddhist traditions. Photos published by the VaticanNews website depicted the pontiff meeting with the monks from Henan province in his study.

This meeting followed the Future World Chan Forum, which was held at the Shaolin Temple from January 19 to 22. The forum gathered spiritual leaders and scholars from across the world to explore ways of promoting meditation for personal well-being and fostering harmonious international relations. Among the notable attendees at the event in China was Al-Azhar Grand Imam Ahmed Al-Tayeb, who spoke about the significance of the 2019 Declaration on Human Fraternity, a document he co-signed with Pope Francis.

The Shaolin Monastery is widely recognized in the West for its association with kung fu, a martial art that continues to be practiced by its monks. However, beyond martial arts, the temple holds a deep-rooted significance as a guardian of Zen Buddhism in China. It is located on the slopes of Mount Song, one of China’s five sacred mountains, and has a long history dating back to the 5th century AD.

The origins of the Shaolin Temple can be traced to an Indian monk named Bada, the 28th successor in a lineage of Buddhist religious leaders. Bada arrived in China and began disseminating Buddhist teachings. In AD 495, Emperor Wei Xiaowendi ordered the construction of the temple, which played a pivotal role in the translation of sacred Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese. These translations helped shape what are now recognized as the fundamental precepts of Zen Buddhism.

Over the years, the Shaolin Temple has gained worldwide recognition, and in 2010, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. However, the temple has also faced criticism due to its increasing popularity as a tourist destination and its strong association with kung fu. In response, the monks emphasize that martial arts represent only one aspect of their cultural and spiritual traditions. They also highlight the global reach of their teachings, noting that over 200 Shaolin-affiliated centers exist worldwide, attracting more than 100 million visitors.

A new three-story museum is currently under construction at the Shaolin Temple and is expected to open this year. The museum’s first floor will focus on the life of Monk Bada and the foundations of Zen Buddhism. The second floor will present a detailed account of Shaolin history and culture through historical artifacts, documents, and digital exhibits. The top floor will display an extensive collection of the temple’s artistic and cultural heritage, including inscriptions, sculptures, murals, paintings, and calligraphy.

Catholic Institutions Extend Generosity During Kumbh Mela, Offering Free Meals to Hindu Devotees

In the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, a Catholic-run hospital and a college have extended an act of generosity by providing free meals to Hindu devotees attending the Kumbh Mela, the world’s largest religious gathering. The initiative aims to support the millions of pilgrims who have traveled long distances to participate in the sacred event.

Father Vipin D’Souza, the director of Nazareth Hospital, expressed his gratitude for the opportunity to assist the pilgrims, noting, “We are glad to lend hands to the pilgrims.” In partnership with the Allahabad Diocesan Commission for Interreligious Dialogue, the hospital organized free meals outside its premises on January 29 and February 3. These meals were offered to thousands of devotees passing by a road leading to the Kumbh Mela venue, which is located about five kilometers away. D’Souza elaborated on the decision to provide the meals, stating, “We decided to organize the free meals for the devotees as they have been walking more than 10-15 kilometers to reach the place.”

Recognizing the physical strain endured by the pilgrims, the hospital aimed to meet their needs with offerings of tea, snacks, and other food items. “Recognizing the needs of the weary pilgrims, we planned to give them tea, snacks, and other food items,” D’Souza shared. In addition to the meals, the hospital also provided free medicine to some of the devotees, with four Hindu monks receiving treatment at the facility without charge. In total, Nazareth Hospital served between 25,000 to 30,000 pilgrims, offering food, medical care, and other services.

The Kumbh Mela is a major Hindu festival with a rich history, held once every 12 years. The event, which is considered one of the largest religious pilgrimages in the world, involves devotees taking a sacred dip in holy rivers, such as the Ganges, with the belief that doing so cleanses them of their sins and brings spiritual purification. This year, the 45-day festival began on January 13 at the confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna, and Sarasvati rivers in Prayagraj (formerly known as Allahabad), the largest city in Uttar Pradesh. The event is expected to draw approximately 400 million pilgrims, with around six million taking the ritual dip in the river on January 14 alone.

Catholic nuns and staff from St. Mary’s Convent Inter College also took part in offering support to the devotees during the Kumbh Mela. The college distributed food and water to the pilgrims on January 28 and 30. Archit Banerjee, a college official, explained the intention behind the gesture, stating that the staff wanted to ensure the devotees could focus solely on their spiritual journey without concerns about their basic needs. Banerjee emphasized, “We wanted to ensure the devotees focused on the spiritual journey without worrying about basic necessities.”

The actions of these Catholic institutions during the Kumbh Mela have drawn attention, particularly in light of the ongoing tension between Christian communities and Hindu hardliners. Minakshi Singh, a Christian activist and secretary of Unity in Compassion, a charity organization based in Uttar Pradesh, spoke out in support of the gesture. She noted that this act of service challenges the long-standing narrative spread by Hindu hardliners, who often accuse Christians of trying to convert Hindus. Singh said, “It sends the message that Christians only believe in peace, love, and service to mankind.” She further highlighted the significance of the gesture, especially considering the challenges faced by Christians in the state, adding, “This act may prompt people to reflect that Christians are here for service of the people as many Christians people have faced persecution in the state, the highest numbers in the country.”

Uttar Pradesh, with a population of approximately 200 million people, is India’s most populous state. The majority of its residents are Hindus, while Muslims make up about 19 percent of the population. Christians, who constitute only around 0.18 percent of the state’s population, have faced significant persecution in recent years. According to rights groups, Hindu hardliners have been responsible for many of the incidents of violence against Christians. Last year, Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest number of anti-Christian incidents in the country, with 209 reported cases, as stated by the United Christian Forum, a Christian group based in New Delhi.

The Catholic-run institutions’ efforts during the Kumbh Mela stand in stark contrast to the persecution faced by Christians in Uttar Pradesh, signaling a message of love, compassion, and unity across religious lines. This charitable act not only serves the immediate needs of the pilgrims but also contributes to building bridges between religious communities in the region.

The outreach of Nazareth Hospital and St. Mary’s Convent Inter College is a testament to the spirit of interfaith solidarity and compassion. By focusing on service to others, these institutions have demonstrated a commitment to serving humanity, regardless of religious affiliations. As the Kumbh Mela continues to draw millions of devotees, the actions of these Christian institutions serve as a reminder of the power of kindness and the importance of fostering understanding and cooperation in the face of divisive rhetoric.

In a state where Christians make up a small fraction of the population, the goodwill extended by these institutions is especially meaningful. It challenges the prevailing stereotypes and shows that acts of kindness transcend religious boundaries. Singh’s statement reinforces this sentiment, suggesting that the generosity of the Catholic institutions may inspire reflection among people of all faiths. “It sends the message that Christians only believe in peace, love, and service to mankind,” she remarked.

In the broader context, these acts of charity also challenge the divisive rhetoric that has plagued the state in recent years. By offering their resources and support to the Hindu devotees, the Catholic-run institutions have demonstrated the true spirit of service, which is central to many religious teachings. Their actions highlight the shared values of compassion and care that unite people across different faiths, promoting harmony and mutual respect in a state marked by religious tensions.

These efforts, grounded in service and compassion, send a powerful message to all who witness them: that despite religious differences, the desire to help others is a common thread that binds humanity together. The Kumbh Mela, a sacred and significant event for Hindus, has thus become an occasion not only for spiritual renewal but also for fostering interfaith understanding and cooperation.

Bishop of Liverpool Announces Retirement Amid Misconduct Allegations

The Bishop of Liverpool, the Right Reverend Dr John Perumbalath, has announced his retirement shortly after facing allegations of misconduct from two women, one of whom is a fellow bishop. The accusations, which span incidents from 2019 to 2023, have cast a shadow over his tenure, though he continues to deny any wrongdoing.

One of the allegations comes from a woman who claimed that Bishop Perumbalath kissed her without her consent and groped her on separate occasions. The second accusation, made in 2023, comes from another senior figure within the Church of England—Rt Revd Beverley Mason, the Bishop of Warrington—who has publicly identified herself as the second complainant.

In her statement, Bishop Mason stressed the importance of accountability within the Church, saying, “A bishop cannot be above the law. A bishop cannot be dealt differently from a priest. If anything, a bishop must be held to greater scrutiny. This is a biblical imperative.”

Despite the seriousness of the allegations, Bishop Perumbalath, 58, has firmly denied all claims. In his retirement letter, which was shared online by the Diocese of Liverpool on Thursday, he reiterated his stance: “Since those allegations were made, I have consistently maintained that I have not done anything wrong and continue to do so.”

The bishop’s letter also confirmed that he had sought permission from King Charles III before making his decision to retire from active ministry. “Having sought the permission of His Majesty the King, I have today taken the decision to retire from active ministry in the Church of England,” he wrote.

Addressing the impact of the allegations on his role, Perumbalath stated, “I do not wish this story to become a distraction for this incredible diocese and its people whom it has been an honour and joy to serve.” He emphasized that his departure was not an admission of guilt, adding, “This is not a resignation occasioned by fault or by any admission of liability.”

While the exact date of his formal retirement has yet to be determined, Bishop Perumbalath has stepped back from all ministerial duties and leadership responsibilities within the Diocese of Liverpool as of Thursday.

Explaining his decision, he wrote, “I have taken this decision for my own well-being, my family, and the best interests of the Diocese. I have informed the Archbishop of York of my decision, and I understand he will put in place the necessary arrangements for episcopal oversight of the diocese for the remainder of my time here and during the vacancy.”

Archbishop of York Stephen Cottrell, who himself has faced criticism over separate safeguarding issues, acknowledged the bishop’s retirement. “I respect his decision and thank him for his ministry,” Cottrell said. “My thoughts and prayers continue to be with all those who have been affected by this situation. I am committed to ensuring stability during this time of transition and will be putting the necessary arrangements in place to provide episcopal oversight for the diocese.”

The Diocese of Liverpool, which had urged the bishop to step aside just a day before his announcement, expressed support for his decision in an official statement. “We acknowledge his decision in taking this step for the good of the Diocese of Liverpool. This is a deeply painful situation, and we hold all concerned in our prayers.”

An acting bishop is expected to be appointed in the coming days to oversee the diocese during this transitional period.

The allegations against Bishop Perumbalath were first brought to the attention of the Church of England in 2023 and were reported publicly by Channel 4 earlier this week. The Church confirmed that the complaint made by the female bishop—now known to be Bishop Mason—was “looked into according to statutory safeguarding guidance… and an independent risk assessment undertaken.”

The Church’s review concluded that there were no ongoing safeguarding concerns regarding the complaint, though it did identify a “learning outcome” with which Bishop Perumbalath reportedly “fully engaged.”

Shortly after the initial investigation, another woman came forward with additional allegations. According to the Church, this disclosure was “assessed not to be a safeguarding matter but a matter of alleged misconduct.”

Bishop Mason later confirmed that she was the second complainant. In her statement, she detailed her involvement, saying she was first informed of the complaint against Bishop Perumbalath in March 2023. “I raised what I believe were significant concerns, which included my own disclosure,” she said.

Expressing frustration with the Church’s handling of the situation, she added, “We as a church have not properly and satisfactorily addressed concerns that have been raised.” Mason voiced hope that her public disclosure would prompt a more transparent approach moving forward. “There will be no more defensiveness but an honest scrutiny of what we are doing, how we are doing it, where the gaps sit, and how we address them,” she said.

The situation has placed the Church of England under intense scrutiny, raising questions about how allegations of misconduct, especially involving senior clergy, are managed. The calls for greater accountability and transparency within the Church have grown louder in recent years, particularly regarding safeguarding issues and the treatment of survivors of abuse.

As the Diocese of Liverpool braces for leadership changes, the focus remains on ensuring that the allegations are thoroughly addressed and that the Church demonstrates a commitment to justice and pastoral care. The upcoming appointment of an acting bishop is seen as a critical step in maintaining stability during this turbulent period.

Meanwhile, the broader Church of England continues to face challenges related to safeguarding reforms, clergy misconduct, and internal governance. The case of Bishop Perumbalath has highlighted ongoing tensions within the Church over how to balance pastoral responsibilities with the need for institutional accountability.

As investigations and internal reviews continue, many within the Church hope that this case will serve as a catalyst for meaningful change. For now, the Diocese of Liverpool must navigate this complex transition while striving to support all individuals affected by the recent revelations.

Pope Francis Calls for a Unified Easter Date in 2025, Emphasizing Christian Unity

During the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, Pope Francis reaffirmed the Catholic Church’s openness to adopting a common date for Easter, uniting celebrations in both the West and the East.

Speaking on January 25 at an ecumenical evening prayer service at Rome’s Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls, the pope highlighted that in 2025, Easter will coincide on both the Gregorian calendar used in the West and the Julian calendar used in the East. “I renew my appeal that this coincidence may serve as an appeal to all Christians to take a decisive step forward toward unity around a common date for Easter,” he stated.

Pope Francis emphasized the Church’s willingness to accept any agreed-upon date, saying, “The Catholic Church is open to accepting the date that everyone wants: a date of unity.” His remarks came at the closing service of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, which this year centered on the 1,700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea. This council not only established a shared Christian Creed but also formulated a method to determine a universal Easter date.

Before the Council of Nicaea in 325, various Christian communities celebrated Easter on different dates. The council resolved that for the sake of unity and the faith’s collective witness, Easter should be celebrated on the first Sunday following the first full moon after the spring equinox. However, at the time, Christians followed the Julian calendar, which over the centuries fell increasingly out of sync with the solar year. This caused March 21, widely accepted as the date of the Northern Hemisphere’s spring equinox, to gradually drift away from the actual astronomical event.

In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII introduced a reform that corrected this drift by eliminating ten days from the calendar, restoring the equinox to March 21. While most Western Christians adopted this Gregorian calendar, the majority of Eastern Christians continued using the Julian calendar. As a result, Easter is occasionally celebrated on the same day by both traditions, but in most years, the Eastern Church marks the feast up to four weeks later than the Western Church.

Pope Francis has consistently reaffirmed the stance originally established by St. Paul VI in the 1960s, which stated that if Eastern Christians could agree on a method to determine a unified Easter date, the Catholic Church would accept it. His latest remarks continue this effort toward ecumenical harmony.

The ecumenical prayer service began with Pope Francis praying at the tomb of St. Paul, joined by Orthodox Metropolitan Polykarpos of Italy and Malta, as well as Anglican Archbishop Ian Ernest, director of the Anglican Center in Rome. Both bishops participated in the closing of the liturgy alongside the pope, jointly blessing the gathered crowd.

This year’s Week of Prayer for Christian Unity centered on Jesus’ question to Martha of Bethany: “Do you believe this?” In the Gospel of John, Martha expresses her sorrow to Jesus over the death of her brother Lazarus, saying that if Jesus had been present, he would not have died. Jesus responds, “I am the resurrection and the life; whoever believes in me, even if he dies, will live,” before asking Martha if she believes. Her answer is a profound declaration of faith: “Yes, Lord. I have come to believe that you are the Messiah, the Son of God, the one who is coming into the world.”

Reflecting on this passage, Pope Francis spoke about the significance of faith during times of struggle. “This tender encounter between Jesus and Martha from the Gospel teaches us that even in times of desolation, we are not alone, and we can continue to hope. Jesus gives life even when it seems that all hope has vanished,” he said.

He acknowledged the hardships that can weaken hope, saying, “Hope can falter following difficult experiences such as a painful loss, an illness, a bitter disappointment or a sudden betrayal.” Yet, he reassured that despite moments of despair, the Gospel reminds believers that “Jesus always restores hope because he raises us up from the ashes of death.”

The pope then addressed concerns about Christian unity, recognizing that the search for unity can sometimes feel stalled. He noted that some people feel as though ecumenical dialogue is at an impasse or “doomed to failure.”

“All of this makes us experience the same anguish as Martha, but the Lord comes to us,” he said. Then, he posed the same question Jesus asked Martha, urging believers to reflect on their faith: “Do we believe this? Do we believe that he is the resurrection and the life? That he rewards our efforts and always gives us the grace to continue our journey together? Do we believe this?”

Marking the anniversary of the Council of Nicaea, Pope Francis called the moment “a year of grace, an opportunity for all Christians who recite the same Creed and believe in the same God.” He urged believers to rediscover their shared faith and work toward unity. “Let us rediscover the common roots of the faith; let us preserve unity! Let us always move forward! May the unity we all are searching for be found,” he declared.

His call for unity echoes longstanding ecumenical efforts to bridge historical divides. Over the years, discussions between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, as well as other Christian communities, have explored ways to reconcile differences, particularly regarding Easter’s celebration. The issue remains a significant topic in interchurch dialogues, reflecting a broader desire for Christian unity.

By underscoring the historical and theological roots of the Easter date issue, Pope Francis is encouraging a renewed effort to overcome divisions that have persisted for centuries. His message aligns with the broader ecumenical movement, which seeks to strengthen relationships among Christian communities and foster mutual understanding.

As 2025 approaches, the coincidence of Easter on both calendars provides a unique opportunity for progress. By highlighting this moment, Pope Francis is urging Christian leaders to seize the occasion as a meaningful step toward greater unity. His invitation for an agreed-upon Easter date underscores the importance of collaboration, emphasizing that unity should not be an abstract ideal but a tangible commitment among Christian churches.

Ultimately, his appeal reinforces a central tenet of the Christian faith—one that transcends denominational differences. The resurrection of Jesus Christ is a unifying cornerstone for all Christian believers, making Easter one of the most significant celebrations in Christianity. By advocating for a shared date, Pope Francis is emphasizing the importance of visibly demonstrating unity in faith, a unity that he hopes will serve as a witness to the world.

With the upcoming anniversary of the Council of Nicaea and the coinciding Easter date in 2025, Pope Francis’ call may spark further dialogue and renewed efforts among Christian leaders. His message remains clear: the path to unity requires decisive steps, and accepting a common date for Easter could be a powerful symbol of that unity in action.

Indian Cardinal George Jacob Koovakad Appointed Prefect for Interreligious Dialogue by Vatican

On January 24, the Vatican announced the appointment of Cardinal George Jacob Koovakad as the prefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue. In addition to this prestigious role, Cardinal Koovakad will continue serving as the coordinator of Apostolic Journeys at the Secretary of State.

At 51 years old, Cardinal Koovakad is a member of the Syro-Malabar Church. His journey in the clergy began with his ordination as a priest in 2004 for the Changanacherry Archeparchy. Over the years, he has held various roles in the Church, and on December 7, 2024, Pope Francis elevated him to the position of Cardinal.

By assuming his new responsibilities, Cardinal Koovakad joins the ranks of other notable Indian cardinals who have made significant contributions to the universal Church. These include Cardinal Simon Lourdusamy, who once served as the prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, and Cardinal Ivan Dias, who led the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

This announcement coincides with a significant milestone in the Catholic Church’s history: the diamond jubilee of Nostra Aetate. This landmark document from the Second Vatican Council, officially titled “Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions,” was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on October 28, 1965. Nostra Aetate revolutionized the Church’s approach to people of other faiths, emphasizing the importance of mutual understanding and interreligious dialogue.

Interreligious dialogue has traditionally encompassed four key dimensions: the dialogue of life, the dialogue of action, the dialogue of theological exchange, and the dialogue of religious experience. These aspects aim to create meaningful interactions between people of different faiths, fostering mutual respect and collaboration. Over time, theologians and scholars have continued to expand on the concept, underlining its importance for the Church’s mission and life.

Pope John Paul II was instrumental in highlighting the significance of interreligious dialogue as a core aspect of his papacy. Pope Francis, however, has integrated it even further into the global mission of the Church. Whether addressing the faithful in locations such as Dhaka, Dubai, Myanmar, or Mongolia, Pope Francis consistently emphasizes the need for interreligious dialogue as a pathway to peace and cooperation.

At the Vatican, Pope Francis has welcomed numerous delegations from various religious traditions. During these meetings, he has reiterated the necessity of working collectively toward peace and the greater good of humanity. He has also voiced concern about the detrimental impact of religious fundamentalism, describing it as a destructive force akin to a virus. For the Pope, engaging with and respecting other religions is essential in today’s world. “Religious fundamentalism, like a virus, is destroying our life and our cultures in numerous ways,” Pope Francis has observed, while also stressing that mutual dialogue can lead to the purification and renewal of all religions.

Those who actively participate in interreligious dialogue are often empowered to contribute to peace and the values of the Kingdom of God. These include fostering fraternity, justice, dignity, and human rights, as well as promoting enlightenment and the flourishing of life.

Under Pope Francis, interreligious dialogue has become an indispensable component of the Church’s evangelizing mission. The need to explore innovative ways to engage with people of other faiths is more urgent than ever. Such efforts aim to create a world where people can collaborate, grow, and thrive together in harmony.

Cardinal Koovakad’s upbringing in Indian culture, known for its emphasis on respecting diversity, has undoubtedly influenced his worldview. As he steps into his new role, he carries with him the potential to further the mission of fostering fraternity and dialogue among people of various religions, cultures, and perspectives. The Church recognizes that interreligious dialogue is not merely a task but a vital avenue for building bridges in a world often marked by division.

As Cardinal Koovakad shoulders this significant responsibility, his energy and youthful zeal offer hope for strengthening relationships between diverse communities. His leadership in the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue is expected to pave the way for deeper connections and understanding among followers of different faiths. Through these efforts, the Church hopes to inspire mutual respect and shared progress on the path to peace and unity.

Christianity’s Decline in America: Analyzing Pew’s Projections for 2070

In 1741, Jonathan Edwards, a young preacher, described the spiritual condition of American Christians as precarious, likening them to individuals standing “on slippery, declining ground, on the edge of a pit.” He observed that believers prioritized wealth, violated the Sabbath, questioned predestination, and believed good deeds alone could secure salvation. His vivid sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” vividly portrayed sinners dangling over hellfire like spiders over a flame. This terrifying imagery ignited the Great Awakening, a revival that reshaped Christian faith throughout the 18th century.

Were Edwards alive today, he might view the latest Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. religious trends as a continuation of the decline he once decried. The report matter-of-factly states that American Christians “keep leaving religion” and warns that if current trends persist, “Christians could make up less than half of the U.S. population within a few decades.”

The report, “Modeling the Future of Religion in America,” released in September 2022 as part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project, paints a stark picture. In the early 1990s, nine out of 10 American adults identified as Christian. Over the last three decades, however, “large numbers of Americans have left Christianity to join the growing ranks of U.S. adults who describe their religious identity as atheist, agnostic, or nothing in particular.”

For years, polls have chronicled America’s declining religiosity. Pew’s forward-looking analysis has heightened awareness of this shift. Christianity Today noted the significance of these findings, commenting, “If you’re trying to predict the future religious landscape in America, according to Pew, the question is not whether Christianity will decline—it’s how fast and how far.”

To explore potential futures, Pew researchers developed eight scenarios modeling how religion in the U.S. might evolve. These projections are not predictions but hypothetical outcomes based on varying assumptions about religious affiliation and switching. In every scenario, Christianity’s share of the U.S. population declines. Depending on whether religious switching continues, accelerates, or ceases entirely, Christians could comprise anywhere from 54% to 35% of Americans by 2070.

Unlike previous global projections, which covered regions like Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa, this analysis focuses exclusively on the U.S. Alan Cooperman, Pew’s director of religion research, highlighted the unprecedented depth of this study: “What we’ve done this time is draw on the enormous amount of fine-grained data we have on the dynamics of religious change in the U.S.”

A key factor in these projections is the rate at which U.S. parents pass their religion to their children by age 13 and the rates of religious switching—particularly during ages 15 to 29, when disaffiliation commonly occurs. Pew’s research team modeled various scenarios to see what would happen if switching rates remained constant, accelerated, or hit certain limits.

One scenario envisions a world where no Americans switched religious identities after 2020. In this case, Christians would still form a slim majority (54%) of the U.S. population in 2070. More realistic scenarios, however, show sharper declines:

  1. Status Quo: If switching rates remain constant—31% of young adult Christians disaffiliate while 21% of “nones” convert to Christianity—Christians would make up 46% of Americans in 2070.
  2. Moderate Acceleration: If more Christians disaffiliate before age 30 and fewer “nones” convert—but switching is capped so that no more than 50% of Christians leave—Christians would constitute 39% of the population in 2070.
  3. Unlimited Switching: If switching rates continue rising without limits, Christians could shrink to 35% of Americans by 2070.

Researchers also explored four additional scenarios that modified factors like intergenerational religious transmission, fertility rates, immigration, and switching after age 30. These “experiments” provided insights but had minimal impact on the overarching pattern of Christianity’s decline.

David Voas, a demographer and sociologist at University College London, praised the report for its rigor. “The first thing you note is the thoroughness of the analysis,” he remarked. “They’ve used the most complete scenario-building you can imagine, trying out all the main variations we find remotely plausible about these things, from differential fertility to religious switching to migration.” Voas found the results compelling, noting they captured the most likely trajectories for America’s religious future.

Conrad Hackett, Pew’s associate director of research and senior demographer, acknowledged that previous projections underestimated the growth of the religiously unaffiliated, or “nones.” The earlier projections, included in the 2015 global report “The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050,” could not deeply analyze individual countries like the U.S. Hackett explained, “It’s not feasible to do eight scenarios for every country when you’re studying nearly two hundred countries. But for the U.S., we had the data, and we knew it would be interesting.”

As expected, the 2022 analysis yielded significantly different projections. The 2015 report predicted that two-thirds of Americans would remain Christian in 2050. By contrast, the latest study suggests that under the most likely scenario, only 47% of Americans will identify as Christian by midcentury, dropping further to 39% by 2070.

Nearly three centuries after Edwards’ fiery sermon, these findings might leave him disheartened. Yet, Pew researchers caution against assuming inevitability in these trends. Social upheavals, such as armed conflicts, social movements, rising authoritarianism, natural disasters, or economic crises, could alter the trajectory of religious affiliation in unexpected ways.

While no new Great Awakening seems imminent, the authors leave open the possibility of unforeseen shifts. “New patterns of religious change could emerge at any time,” they write, acknowledging the unpredictable nature of societal transformations.

Ultimately, the report underscores the fluidity of American religious identity, shaped by individual choices, cultural dynamics, and broader historical forces. Whether the decline of Christianity accelerates or stabilizes, its trajectory will continue to reflect the complex interplay of faith, identity, and social change.

Pope Opens 2025 Holy Year Focused on Hope and Trust as Rome Prepares for Millions

The 2025 Holy Year, centered on the themes of hope and trust, officially began on Christmas Eve with Pope Francis opening the Holy Door at St. Peter’s Basilica. This sacred event marks the start of a year expected to attract over 30 million pilgrims to Rome, despite ongoing preparations and enhanced security measures in the Italian capital.

The tradition of the Holy Year dates back to 1300, offering pilgrims the opportunity to receive indulgences—referred to as the forgiveness of sins—by passing through the Holy Door at St. Peter’s Basilica or one of the three doors at the other Papal Basilicas. For Pope Francis, this is his second Jubilee, following the 2015 Holy Year, and a continuation of a spiritual practice deeply rooted in the Catholic faith.

Significantly, the 2025 Holy Year introduces a novel aspect: Pope Francis will open a fifth Holy Door in a Roman prison, marking the first time such an act has been included in Jubilee observances. This gesture extends the Holy Year’s message of hope and trust to incarcerated individuals, encouraging them “to look to the future with renewed confidence.”

The opening ceremony drew approximately 7,000 faithful inside St. Peter’s Basilica, with thousands more gathering in St. Peter’s Square and watching via broadcasts around the globe. The event’s universal appeal underscores the importance of the Holy Year for Catholics worldwide.

As Rome braces for the influx of millions of visitors, heightened security measures have been implemented. An additional 700 officers have been deployed to monitor the city, with advanced surveillance systems installed to safeguard key locations. This precaution follows a recent attack at a German Christmas market, which has prompted Italian authorities to increase patrols around prominent sites.

Rome’s preparations for the Holy Year have been underway for two years, with ambitious plans to enhance the city’s infrastructure. However, of the 300 public works and renovation projects planned, only a portion has been completed. Despite these challenges, the city is committed to welcoming pilgrims and ensuring their safety during this sacred period.

The Pope’s symbolic act of opening the Holy Door resonates deeply within the context of this Jubilee, as it emphasizes reconciliation and spiritual renewal. For the millions expected to visit Rome throughout the Holy Year, the experience will not only be a religious journey but also a reflection of hope, trust, and community.

Rare Ten Commandments Stone Tablet to Be Auctioned in New York

On December 18, 2024, Sotheby’s in New York will showcase a rare piece of human history: a stone tablet inscribed with one of the oldest known versions of the Ten Commandments. This extraordinary artifact, weighing 115 pounds, dates back to the Romano-Byzantine era, between 300 and 800 AD. Its discovery and survival provide a fascinating connection to antiquity, carrying both mystery and immense cultural value.

The tablet was uncovered in 1913 during railroad construction in Israel. For decades, it languished in obscurity, even serving as a paving stone outside a local residence. Its significance remained unnoticed until 1943, when a scholar recognized the ancient paleo-Hebrew script carved into its surface. The inscription identified it as a Samaritan Decalogue, an artifact deeply rooted in Jewish and Christian traditions.

A Unique Interpretation of the Commandments

Unlike the traditional image of Moses descending from Mount Sinai with unblemished stone tablets, this version of the Ten Commandments is distinct. Scholars theorize that the artifact might have originally been displayed at the entrance of a Samaritan synagogue or a private residence. It was likely buried for protection during tumultuous times, possibly during Roman invasions between 400 and 600 AD or during the Crusades in the 11th century.

What makes this tablet particularly fascinating is the divergence in its text from the widely known Ten Commandments in mainstream Judaism and Christianity. One significant omission is the commandment, “You shall not take the Lord’s name in vain.” In its place, the inscription includes a directive to worship at Mount Gerizim, a site of sacred importance to the Samaritan community.

This variation underscores the theological differences between the Samaritans and the broader Israelite tradition. The Samaritans, while sharing ancient ties with the Israelites, developed distinct religious beliefs and practices. The altered commandment reflects the group’s unique cultural identity and provides insight into the religious dynamics of the era.

From Neglect to Historic Treasure

Richard Austin, Sotheby’s global head of books and manuscripts, called the tablet “a remarkable artifact, not only for its historical significance but for the profound connection it offers to the foundational moral code of human civilization.”

Its journey from an unassuming paving stone to a priceless relic is extraordinary. The tablet endured decades of neglect before its true value was recognized. Now, it is poised to command a significant price at auction, illustrating the enduring allure of ancient artifacts.

Sotheby’s pre-auction exhibition, which began on December 5, has attracted international interest. Collectors, historians, and institutions alike are drawn to the tablet’s unique history and cultural importance. While the opening bid has been set at $1 million, experts predict that the final price could exceed $2 million, driven by its rarity and profound historical weight.

As this ancient relic prepares to take center stage, it serves as a powerful reminder of the enduring influence of the past on our understanding of culture, religion, and history. The sale of this artifact not only highlights its monetary value but also its role as a bridge to a distant era, inviting us to reflect on the origins of moral and spiritual traditions.

The Rich Tradition of Neapolitan Nativity Scenes

The Via San Gregorio Armeno in Naples, Italy, is an unassuming street, barely five feet wide, yet during Advent, it becomes a bustling destination for thousands of visitors from across the globe. This tiny street doesn’t lead to a grand landmark; it is, in itself, the attraction. Its charm lies in the countless workshops that line its narrow path, where artisans create the famous “presepe” — intricate Nativity scenes for which Naples is renowned.

While Americans might consider the presepe simple Nativity displays, these creations are far more elaborate. They extend beyond the Holy Family and the manger, depicting entire villages teeming with life. Butchers, bakers, candlestick makers, and countless others go about their daily activities, set against the backdrop of the Christ Child’s humble birth. Fires flicker, candles glow, and bread seems to bake within these miniature masterpieces. The presepe reflect not a silent night, but one brimming with laughter, love, and life.

Each presepe is a testament to painstaking craftsmanship. Generations of artisans have refined their skills to create these detailed depictions of village life. For Neapolitans, the presepe is not just art but a cherished cultural heritage dating back to the mid-16th century. In 1563, the Council of Trent encouraged Catholics to adopt the crèche as a distinctively Catholic tradition, contrasting it with Martin Luther’s Protestant embrace of the Christmas tree. Neapolitan artist St. Gaetano was among the first to heed this call, creating the prototype of the modern presepio.

Other artists soon followed, crafting elaborate Nativity scenes with richly adorned, life-sized statues for churches and convents. Over time, smaller, intricate presepe emerged for private homes, featuring numerous figurines and even moving parts. These creations began to incorporate regional characteristics, reflecting the local culture and lifestyle. For instance, in the coastal town of Sorrento, presepe often showcase fishermen mending their nets, while in Rome, aqueducts and olive groves frequently appear. Sicilian presepe might include coral and alabaster, while Neapolitan versions overflow with depictions of food — from bread and fruit to wine and roasts.

Despite these variations, the central manger scene remains consistent. The Christ Child lies in a straw bed, surrounded by Mary, Joseph, shepherds, and magi, with oxen and a donkey completing the tableau. This scene represents the unchanging heart of the presepio, symbolizing the miracle of love, humility, and grace born in Bethlehem.

However, the lively, bustling world surrounding the manger is not merely decorative. The figurines engaged in daily activities — eating, drinking, working, and even quarreling — hold a deeper significance. They remind us that the Incarnation was not an abstract event. “God didn’t just become man,” the presepe suggests, “He became man in a specific time and place.” On that holy night 2,000 years ago, the world carried on with its political and personal dramas, oblivious to the miracle unfolding in a stable.

While history records the political intrigues of Caesar and Herod, the personal struggles of ordinary people — their daily joys and sorrows — remain undocumented. The presepe bring these hidden stories to life, illustrating that God entered this vibrant, chaotic world to redeem and transform it. They highlight the ignorance of those who were near Christ’s birthplace yet unaware of His presence. As people focused on their daily worries, they missed the divine miracle taking place in their midst.

This aspect of the presepe serves as a reminder for modern times. Just as the people of Bethlehem were preoccupied with mundane concerns, we, too, can neglect the presence of God in our busy lives. The presepe challenges us to recognize Christ not only in church or religious rituals but in our everyday experiences.

Christ came into the world not to remain separate from its joys and struggles but to be fully present within them. “The Incarnation made it possible for Christ to atone for man’s sin and offer us eternal life,” the presepe reminds us, “but it also made it possible for Him to redeem the life we live now.” By depicting ordinary activities alongside the Nativity, the presepe calls us to see every moment — from work to family life — as an opportunity to encounter Christ and grow closer to Him.

The artisans who pioneered the presepe understood this truth profoundly. Their works reflect a sacramental worldview, demonstrating that holiness is not confined to religious spaces but permeates every aspect of life. “To become holy,” the presepe suggests, “we can’t meet Christ just in the church… We have to welcome Him into our lives as well — into our homes and offices, our joys and struggles.”

The call issued by the presepe is both timeless and urgent. It invites us to lead lives where every action reflects Christ’s presence and serves as a path toward Him. This is the essence of a Catholic life — a life transformed by the Incarnation, not just during Advent but throughout the year.

What a profound change it would bring if every visitor to Via San Gregorio Armeno answered that call. What a transformation it would spark if all of us embraced this way of living.

The tradition of Nativity scenes dates back almost as far as Christianity itself. The earliest known depiction, found in the catacombs of St. Priscilla, dates to the early second century. This painting features Mary, the Christ Child, St. Joseph, and three Wise Men under the light of an eight-pointed star. By the fourth century, similar scenes began appearing as carvings on Christian tombs and sarcophagi, now including the oxen and donkey.

In 1223, St. Francis of Assisi further popularized the tradition by creating a living Nativity for Christmas Mass, complete with a manger and live animals. This practice gradually spread, leading to the permanent inclusion of Nativity statues in churches.

Today, the presepe of Naples continues this rich heritage, blending timeless religious themes with vibrant local culture. These miniature masterpieces not only celebrate the birth of Christ but also invite us to reflect on His presence in our own lives, calling us to live with greater awareness, gratitude, and love.

India: Religious leader lauds late Delhi archbishop’s contribution to interreligious dialogue

In a tribute to the late Archbishop Angelo Innocent Fernandes, the former Archbishop of Delhi, the Culture of Peace Alliance hosted an interfaith relations meeting on December 10, 2024, at the YMCA Hostel, Ashoka Place, New Delhi.

The event celebrated Archbishop Fernandes’s enduring legacy in fostering dialogue and understanding among diverse religious traditions.

The program was led by Captain Pradeep Singh, with invaluable support and guidance from Mr. Anshu Antony. Distinguished participants included Pastor Emmanuel Sahai, Ms. Alka Ahuja, Ms. Clara, Pastor Deepak, Ms. Nisha Chaudhary, Fr. Norbert Herman, SVD, Ms. Mary Grace, Mr. Rajendra Kumar, Mr. Venkat from Hyderabad, Ms. Jennifer from Vasai Diocese Mumbai, and Mr. Varun Sharma, whose collective presence underscored the gathering’s commitment to interfaith harmony.6a8a98d1 d74c 4ecd b6ce 798aab3ca3b1

Fr. Norbert Herman, the chief guest of the event, delivered an inspiring keynote address titled “Jesus, the Prince of Peace.” His speech highlighted the universal message of peace embodied in Jesus Christ and paid homage to Archbishop Fernandes for his pioneering contributions to interfaith dialogue, ecumenism, and social justice.

Born on July 28, 1913, in Karachi (now Pakistan), Archbishop Angelo Innocent Fernandes was a trailblazer in promoting peace and understanding among communities.

Ordained in 1937 in Bombay, he later served as the cathedral rector before being appointed Archbishop of Delhi in 1967, a role he held until his retirement in 1990.

Fernandes passed away on January 30, 2000, at the age of 86 in New Delhi.

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A scholar and visionary, he studied at St. Patrick’s School in Karachi, St. Joseph’s Seminary in Mangalore, and the Papal Seminary in Kandy, Sri Lanka. His extensive contributions spanned national and international platforms:

  • President of the Catholic International Education Office (1990–1994).
  • Executive President of the World Conference on Religion and Peace (1970–1984).
  • Chairman of the Office of Ecumenical and Inter-Religious Affairs, Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences (1985–1989).
  • Chairman of the Justice, Development, and Peace Commission, Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (1968–1976, 1986–1990).
  • Member of the Vatican Justice and Peace Academy (1966–1976).
  • Synod Secretary (1971–1974, 1980–1983).

Throughout his tenure, Archbishop Fernandes championed the causes of justice, education, and interfaith dialogue, leaving an indelible mark on the global Church and society at large.

This interfaith meeting was a testament to his enduring vision of unity in diversity, as attendees from various faiths gathered to celebrate shared values and commit to building a culture of peace.

By bringing together voices from different religious traditions, the event highlighted the importance of collaboration in addressing contemporary challenges and fostering understanding in an increasingly divided world.

The legacy of Archbishop Fernandes continues to inspire efforts like this gathering, which seek to realize his dream of a harmonious society rooted in dialogue, respect, and mutual trust.

Radio Veritas Asia (RVA), a media platform of the Catholic Church, aims to share Christ. RVA started in 1969 as a continental Catholic radio station to serve Asian countries in their respective local language, thus earning the tag “the Voice of Asian Christianity.”  Responding to the emerging context, RVA embraced media platforms to connect with the global Asian audience via its 21 language websites and various social media platforms.

Source credit: Radio Veritas Asia

Millions to Converge at Maha Kumbh Mela 2025 for a Sacred Pilgrimage

Hindus hold rivers in deep reverence, with none considered more sacred than the Ganges. For the faithful, immersing themselves in its waters symbolizes purification from past sins.

This spiritual significance multiplies when other sacred rivers merge with the Ganges. Bathing at these confluences on auspicious days is believed to greatly enhance spiritual benefits, setting devotees on a path toward liberation from the cycle of birth and death, the ultimate goal of Hindu philosophy.

Among these auspicious occasions, the Maha Kumbh Mela stands out. Occurring in 12-year cycles, this grand festival transforms Prayagraj, a city in Uttar Pradesh, into a spiritual epicenter. Here, the Ganges meets the Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati rivers, drawing millions of devotees. It has evolved into the largest gathering of humanity on the planet.

In 2025, this monumental event will take place from January 13 to February 26. During this period, an estimated 400 million people—more than the population of the United States—are expected to attend the festival.

The logistical challenges of accommodating such an immense crowd are immense, but the local authorities have significant experience in managing such events. The smaller Ardh Kumbh, or Half Kumbh, held in 2019, saw 240 million visitors, with about 50 million taking ritual baths on the busiest day.

To manage the even larger turnout anticipated in 2025, the Uttar Pradesh government has taken unprecedented measures by designating the Maha Kumbh Mela area in Prayagraj as a separate administrative district for four months.

Preparations for this temporary district are already underway at a rapid pace. Covering 40 square kilometers (15 square miles) and divided into 25 sections, the area is being equipped with essential infrastructure. This includes housing, roads, electricity, water, communication facilities, and 11 hospitals.

At the riverbanks, hundreds of workers and machines are laboring tirelessly. They are laying water and drainage systems, building 30 pontoon bridges—an increase from 22 in 2019—and compacting sand dredged from the river to expand the 12-kilometer (7-mile) stretch where pilgrims will gather for ritual baths. Scaffolding is being erected for tents, some designed to accommodate as many as 25,000 pilgrims.

To maintain cleanliness in this sprawling temporary settlement, about 20,000 workers have been tasked with managing sanitation, including maintaining over 150,000 portable toilets.

Security is also a top priority, with around 50,000 personnel—50% more than in 2019—being trained to ensure the festival runs smoothly. Senior Superintendent of Police Rajesh Diwedi, overseeing security operations, highlighted the challenges of managing such an environment. “The mela can be a very stressful environment for the personnel, so we are teaching them stress management and training them in soft skills to interact better with the pilgrims,” he explained.

Additionally, over 2,500 cameras, some equipped with artificial intelligence, will monitor crowd movement and density. Data from these cameras will feed into four central control rooms, enabling officials to swiftly deploy resources to prevent incidents like stampedes.

Many pilgrims plan to remain at the festival for over a month, dedicating themselves to rituals such as daily sunrise baths, observing austerity, and offering alms.

The Maha Kumbh Mela continues to be a testament to the spiritual fervor and organizational capabilities that define such gatherings, with 2025 set to be a historic event.

Reconstructing History through Archaeomagnetic Research: A New Approach to Understanding Ancient Military Campaigns

Understanding ancient history often requires more than just reading old texts or studying ruins. By combining archaeomagnetic research with traditional archaeology, scientists have gained new insights into the events described in the Hebrew Bible, particularly the military campaigns against the kingdoms of Israel and Judah from the 10th to the 6th centuries BCE. This interdisciplinary approach not only enriches our understanding of ancient history but also reshapes how we view Earth’s magnetic field and its fluctuations during that time.

The Hebrew Bible and other ancient Near Eastern texts describe numerous military campaigns by powerful neighbors, such as the Egyptians, Arameans, Assyrians, and Babylonians. While some destruction layers discovered by archaeologists can be confidently linked to specific historical events, many others remain uncertain. These unresolved cases have made it difficult to verify biblical narratives and reconstruct the true scale of these military campaigns.

To address these gaps in the historical record, a team of researchers from Tel Aviv University and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem has used archaeomagnetic techniques. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study examines magnetic records preserved in burnt mud bricks and ceramics from 17 sites across Israel. By comparing the direction and intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field recorded during these ancient fires, the researchers were able to create a chronological framework to date destruction events. This method complements traditional radiocarbon dating and offers a new perspective on the timeline of ancient military conflicts.

When materials such as mud bricks and ceramics are subjected to intense heat, they preserve magnetic minerals that record the Earth’s magnetic field at the time of heating. This property allows scientists to track changes in the geomagnetic field over time. By combining decades of archaeological discoveries with historical inscriptions and biblical accounts, the researchers analyzed 21 destruction layers. Their findings not only confirmed certain key events but also challenged previously held assumptions about the timing of specific historical events.

One major breakthrough from this research involves the military campaigns of King Hazael of Aram-Damascus, a prominent figure in both biblical and historical records. Earlier studies had suggested that Hazael’s military campaign destroyed several sites, including Gath of the Philistines, Tel Rehov, Tel Zayit, and Horvat Tevet. By synchronizing the magnetic records from these locations, the researchers showed that all four sites were destroyed during the same campaign, around 830 BCE. This finding confirms the historical accounts of Hazael’s far-reaching conquests.

However, the findings also complicate earlier theories regarding the destruction of Tel Beth-Shean. Previously attributed to Hazael’s campaign, the magnetic data indicates that the destruction of this site occurred 70 to 100 years earlier, which corresponds with the military expeditions of Pharaoh Shoshenq of Egypt. This conclusion aligns with Egyptian inscriptions and biblical texts, offering a revised timeline for regional conflicts and reshaping the understanding of ancient military history.

The study also sheds new light on the fall of the Kingdom of Judah, one of the most debated events in biblical history. Archaeological evidence has long suggested that the Babylonian conquest of Judah in 586 BCE was not entirely complete, as some cities in the southern region remained untouched. The magnetic data supports this idea, revealing that while some sites in the Negev and surrounding areas survived the Babylonian conquest, they were later destroyed by the Edomites. This act of betrayal, as highlighted in biblical accounts, adds further depth to the historical understanding of Judah’s decline.

Prof. Erez Ben-Yosef, one of the study’s authors, explains, “The magnetic results support the hypothesis that the Babylonians were not the sole agents of Judah’s destruction. This challenges conventional views and underscores the complexity of the region’s history.” This observation not only challenges traditional views of Judah’s fall but also emphasizes the need to consider multiple factors when studying ancient history.

In addition to its contributions to archaeology, this research has broader implications for understanding Earth’s magnetic field. The Earth’s magnetic field, which plays a crucial role in protecting life from cosmic radiation, is generated by turbulent flows of liquid iron in the planet’s outer core. Geophysicists have long believed that the magnetic field changes slowly over time, but the findings from archaeomagnetic studies suggest otherwise. During the period studied, the magnetic field in the Southern Levant underwent unusually rapid shifts, with its intensity spiking to more than twice its current strength.

Prof. Ron Shaar, who led the geophysical analysis, emphasizes the importance of these discoveries, stating, “Our results show that the magnetic field is far less stable than previously thought. This knowledge is vital for understanding Earth’s core dynamics and refining geophysical models.” This finding highlights the significance of archaeomagnetic research not just for historical inquiry but also for advancing our understanding of Earth’s internal processes.

Israel’s wealth of well-dated archaeological sites has made it an ideal location for archaeomagnetic research. Over the past decade, researchers have reconstructed the region’s magnetic field using hundreds of artifacts, culminating in a continuous variation curve for the area. This curve not only aids in dating ancient materials but also provides insights into the dramatic changes in Earth’s magnetic field during antiquity.

Yoav Vaknin, the study’s lead author, notes the broader implications of the research, saying, “We’ve developed a scientific dating tool akin to radiocarbon dating, but based on magnetic field variations. This interdisciplinary approach allows us to confirm or challenge historical hypotheses with unprecedented precision.” This approach represents a powerful integration of multiple scientific disciplines, allowing researchers to test historical theories and build a more accurate understanding of the past.

The combination of archaeomagnetism, archaeology, and textual evidence demonstrates the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in reconstructing ancient history. The use of magnetic data to date destruction events and explore shifts in Earth’s geomagnetic field transforms the way we view ancient military campaigns and the natural environment of the time. As this research continues to develop, it will not only offer new insights into the ancient past but also help refine models of Earth’s core dynamics and geomagnetic history.

By refining these methods and exploring further applications, scientists are uncovering more than just the past—they are also providing new tools for understanding the dynamic processes that shape our planet. This innovative approach opens up exciting possibilities for both archaeological research and geophysical studies, further bridging the gap between history and science.

Pope Francis Elevates 21 New Cardinals in Reform-Focused Ceremony

Pope Francis presided over the installation of 21 new cardinals on Saturday in St. Peter’s Basilica, marking a significant moment in his papacy. Among the newly appointed cardinals are influential figures aligned with his reformist vision, including a Dominican preacher instrumental in the recent synod, a Neapolitan street priest, and a Peruvian bishop who has supported the pope’s measures to combat abuse.

This event represents the 10th consistory during Francis’ 11-year tenure, resulting in the largest group of voting-age cardinals created under his leadership. With this latest cohort, Francis has appointed 110 of the 140 cardinals eligible to vote in a conclave, firmly shaping the group that will select his successor.

Appearing at the ceremony with a visible bruise on his chin, the pope conducted the proceedings without difficulty. The Vatican later explained that the bruise resulted from an incident where Francis hit his nightstand on Friday morning. Despite appearing slightly tired, the 87-year-old pontiff, who relies on a wheelchair due to knee and back issues, carried out the day’s events as planned.

The new appointments push the number of voting-age cardinals beyond the 120-member limit established by St. John Paul II. However, with 13 cardinals set to turn 80 next year, the number will soon return closer to the traditional threshold.

This consistory was unusual, as the group of new cardinals was not identical to the initial list announced by Francis on October 6. One original nominee, Indonesian Bishop Paskalis Bruno Syukur, declined the appointment, citing a personal desire for spiritual growth. In his place, Francis appointed Archbishop Domenico Battaglia of Naples, known for his pastoral work in challenging urban areas.

Strengthening Italian Representation

Italy gained five new cardinals, maintaining its historical prominence within the College of Cardinals. These include Naples Archbishop Domenico Battaglia, Turin Archbishop Roberto Repole, and Baldassare Reina of Rome, who was simultaneously appointed as the pope’s chief administrator for the Rome diocese. Reina’s responsibilities extend to overseeing the reform of Rome’s diocesan structure and pontifical universities.

Among the Italian cardinals is the oldest appointee, 99-year-old retired Vatican diplomat Angelo Acerbi, who, being over 80, is ineligible to vote in a conclave. Conversely, the youngest cardinal is Mykola Bychok, a 44-year-old bishop serving the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Melbourne, Australia. Reflecting on his appointment, Bychok stated, “I think there is a special sign in the Pope nominating me as the youngest cardinal. Ukraine has been fighting for three years, officially and maybe unofficially from 2014… Maybe my weak voice will help to stop this war not only in Ukraine but in other countries around the world.”

Two Vatican priests in roles not traditionally associated with cardinal appointments also received the honor. Fabio Baggio, undersecretary in the Vatican development office, and George Jacob Koovakad, responsible for organizing the pope’s foreign travels, were among those elevated.

Global Representation and Reform Advocates

Several appointees hold pivotal roles in Francis’ reform initiatives. Archbishop Carlos Gustavo Castillo Mattasoglio of Lima, Peru, has been a vocal critic of the Sodalitium Christianae Vitae, a conservative Catholic movement with a controversial history. In an essay for El País, Castillo described the group as a “failed experiment” and accused it of embodying “the resurrection of fascism in Latin America.” Francis has taken decisive action against the movement, expelling its founder and several leaders following a Vatican investigation.

Francis’ selection also highlights his commitment to broadening geographic diversity within the College of Cardinals, reflecting the global nature of the Catholic Church. Five Latin American bishops were elevated, including Vicente Bokalic Iglic of Argentina, Jaime Spengler of Brazil, Fernando Natalio Chomali Garib of Chile, and Luis Gerardo Cabrera Herrera of Ecuador. In Asia, Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi, archbishop of Tokyo, and Pablo Virgilio Sinogco David, bishop of Kalookan, Philippines, were named. Africa saw the appointments of Ignace Bessi Dogbo, archbishop of Abidjan, Ivory Coast, and Jean-Paul Vesco, bishop of Algiers, Algeria.

Speaking on the potential for an African pope, Dogbo remarked, “There hasn’t been an African pope, but it’s a possibility in the church. If this eventuality arises, the universal church would have to be ready to take it on.”

Additional appointments included Dominique Joseph Mathieu, archbishop of Tehran, Iran; Ladislav Nemet, bishop of Belgrade, Serbia; and Frank Leo, archbishop of Toronto, Canada. Lithuanian-born cardinal-elect Rolandas Makrickas also received recognition for his role as archpriest of St. Mary Major Basilica, a significant site for Pope Francis. Makrickas recently oversaw a financial reform of the basilica and may play a role in planning the pope’s future burial site, as Francis has expressed a desire to be interred there.

Key Figures in Francis’ Vision

One of the most prominent new cardinals is Timothy Radcliffe, a British Dominican theologian who served as the spiritual guide during the recent synod on church inclusivity. Radcliffe’s contributions to the synod, including his candid and often humorous insights, resonated with participants. He sparked controversy by suggesting that financial pressures influenced some African bishops’ opposition to blessings for same-sex couples, later clarifying that he was referring to external influences from other faiths.

As the synod concluded, Radcliffe offered a reflective perspective, stating, “Often we can have no idea as to how God’s providence is at work in our lives. We do what we believe to be right, and the rest is in the hands of the Lord. This is just one synod. There will be others. We do not have to do everything, just try to take the next step.”

Francis’ latest appointments underscore his commitment to reshaping the Catholic Church to be more inclusive, geographically diverse, and reform-oriented. By appointing figures who align with his vision, the pope continues to leave an indelible mark on the institution, further ensuring that his legacy will influence the Church for years to come.

Keralite Priest George Jacob Koovakad Becomes India’s First Directly Elevated Cardinal

In a historic consistory held at the Vatican on Saturday, 51-year-old Kerala-born priest George Jacob Koovakad was elevated to the esteemed rank of cardinal by Pope Francis. This remarkable event marked Koovakad as the first priest from India to be directly elevated to this position. Unlike his Indian predecessors, who were bishops or archbishops before their promotion to the cardinalate, Koovakad’s appointment breaks new ground in the history of the Catholic Church in India.

The ceremony, held at St. Peter’s Basilica, was attended by clergy, dignitaries, and faithful from across the globe. Twenty-one new cardinals were inducted in the event, further expanding the global representation in the Vatican. Hailing from the Archdiocese of Changanassery in Kerala, Koovakad’s elevation increased the number of Indian cardinals to six, enhancing the nation’s prominence within the Church’s global leadership.

Koovakad has been a close associate of Pope Francis, especially since 2020, when he took on the role of organizing the Pope’s international travels. This role has forged a strong bond between the two, exemplified by a heartwarming incident on September 2 last year. During that time, Pope Francis made a video call to Koovakad’s 95-year-old grandmother, Sosamma Antony, after her health declined due to COVID-19. The moment reflected the personal connection and mutual respect shared by Koovakad and the Pope.

Before his elevation, Koovakad held the title of monsignor and was recently named the titular archbishop of Nisibis, a historical see located in present-day Turkey. Reflecting on his journey, Koovakad remarked, “This is God’s will which I never expected. When I was sent here (in 2006), I was told by my respected seniors that if it’s to learn the Bible, that can be done in Kerala itself. But since you are being sent to the Vatican, it’s being done to learn things deeply.” His words highlighted the unanticipated nature of his rise and his humility in accepting this divine calling.

The announcement of Koovakad’s elevation brought immense joy and pride to the Indian Catholic community. Cardinal George Alencherry, the major archbishop emeritus of the Syro-Malabar Church, shared his happiness at this significant achievement. Prime Minister Narendra Modi also took to X, formerly Twitter, to express his congratulations. “It is a matter of immense pride for India that Archbishop George Koovakad will be created as a Cardinal by Pope Francis,” Modi posted.

Born on August 11, 1974, Koovakad’s journey to the cardinalate began with his ordination as a priest on July 24, 2004. Following his ordination, he pursued specialized training for diplomatic service at the prestigious Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy. In 2006, he embarked on his diplomatic career, starting at the apostolic nunciature in Algeria. His expertise and dedication led him to join the secretariat of state of the Holy See in 2020, where he managed the Pope’s global travels—a role that cemented his reputation as a trusted and capable servant of the Church.

Koovakad’s elevation signifies a momentous occasion, not just for him personally, but for the Indian Catholic community and the broader Church. It underscores the growing recognition of India’s contributions to the global Catholic community and highlights the dedication and service of its clergy on the international stage.

Vatican sends delegation to India to venerate exposed relics of St. Francis Xavier Vatican sends delegation to India to venerate exposed relics of St. Francis Xavier | ZENIT – English

The Vatican delegation, led by Archbishop Rolandas Makrickas, included senior clergy and representatives, such as Msgr. Javier Domingo Fernández González and Dr. Melania Iermieri.

(ZENIT News / Goa, 12.02.2024).- In the vibrant state of Goa, India, the once-in-a-decade exposition of the relics of St. Francis Xavier has drawn millions of pilgrims and a notable Vatican delegation. The event, hosted by the Archdiocese of Goa and Daman, will run until January 5, 2025, offering a profound spiritual experience to believers worldwide. The Vatican delegation, led by Archbishop Rolandas Makrickas, included senior clergy and representatives, such as Msgr. Javier Domingo Fernández González and Dr. Melania Iermieri. Their presence underscored the global importance of the exposition, which celebrates the life and mission of St. Francis Xavier, a cornerstone figure in the Christian evangelization of Asia. A Legacy of Service and Faith Vatican tour tickets St. Francis Xavier, a Jesuit missionary, brought Christianity to regions of India, China, and Japan in the 16th century. After his death in 1552 in China, his incorrupt body was transported to Goa, where it has been venerated ever since. This year’s exposition is expected to attract over eight million visitors, united by their devotion and reverence for his work. Archbishop Edgar Peña Parra, the Vatican’s Substitute for the Secretariat of State, conveyed Pope Francis’ blessings to attendees. Reflecting on the saint’s legacy, Parra emphasized, “To love God is to love one’s neighbor,” and highlighted the Pope’s deep affection for India. Calls for Dialogue and Unity  The event was marked by calls for greater collaboration between religious and governmental institutions. Archbishop Parra stressed the urgency of fostering dialogue in a world increasingly divided. He praised the cooperative efforts between the Church and the local government in organizing the exposition, calling it a model of unity. Cardinal Filipe Neri Ferrão, Archbishop of Goa and Daman, extended a cordial invitation to the Indian government to invite Pope Francis to the country. “The Holy Father’s visit would be a moment of great joy for us all,” he said, urging authorities to consider this significant gesture of goodwill.Vatican tour tickets Acknowledging Contributions of the Christian Community  PS Sreedharan Pillai, the Governor of Goa, lauded the Christian community for its contributions to education and societal well-being. “Serving people is serving God,” he remarked, commending the ongoing efforts of faith-based institutions in fostering progress and harmony. A Spiritual Gathering of Millions  The exposition, featuring the relics of one of Christianity’s most venerated missionaries, is a testament to enduring faith and global unity. Pilgrims from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and nations gather in Goa, not only to pay homage to St. Francis Xavier but also to celebrate the universal values of compassion, service, and hope.

Source credit: https://zenit.org/2024/12/02/vatican-sends-delegation-to-india-to-venerate-exposed-relics-of-st-francis-xavier/

Pope Francis Emphasizes Synodality and Implementation in Note on Final Document

Pope Francis has issued a detailed note accompanying the Final Document of the XVI Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops. This document encapsulates the outcomes of the two-year-long Synod of Bishops on Synodality, which Pope Francis launched in October 2021 and concluded in October 2024.

Guided by the Holy Spirit, the synodal journey has been a global endeavor, spanning continents, cultures, and languages. Pope Francis reflects on this process, writing that the path has been marked by “openness to the voice of the Holy Spirit.” He describes this journey as one that has enabled the Church to examine its experiences and identify new steps to foster communion, encourage participation, and carry out the mission entrusted to it by Christ.

“This journey,” Pope Francis explains, “has allowed the Church to read her own experiences and identify steps to live communion, realise participation, and promote the mission entrusted to her by Christ.”

Pope Francis highlights the phased approach of this synodal journey, which began at the local level before progressing to national and continental stages. Now that the Assembly has concluded, he entrusts the Final Document and its recommendations back to local Churches. He urges them to approach implementation with discernment, creativity, and sensitivity to their unique contexts.

The Pope underlines the importance of respecting the document as part of the “ordinary Magisterium of the Successor of Peter.” While emphasizing its authoritative nature, he also clarifies that it does not serve as a strict set of regulations. Instead, it is a call for reflection, to be applied differently based on the specific needs of each Church.

“It represents a form of exercising the authentic teaching of the Bishop of Rome,” Pope Francis writes. He adds that it contains innovative elements but aligns with his earlier remarks in 2015, where he stated that “synodality is the proper interpretive framework for understanding hierarchical ministry.” Nevertheless, he stresses that the document “is not strictly normative” and should inspire thoughtful action tailored to varying contexts.

Pope Francis makes it clear that the conclusion of the XVI Ordinary General Assembly does not signify the end of the synodal process. Instead, it marks the beginning of a new phase: implementation. He writes, “local Churches and their groupings are now called to implement, in different contexts, the authoritative directions contained in the Document through discernment and decision-making processes foreseen by canon law and the Document itself.”

The Pope has assigned the General Secretariat of the Synod and the Dicasteries of the Roman Curia the responsibility of supporting local Churches in this phase. Additionally, bishops are tasked with reporting the decisions made in their local Churches in line with the Final Document. They are expected to share both challenges and successes during their ad limina visits to Rome.

“Bishops,” Pope Francis notes, “will report on the choices made in their local Church concerning the indications in the Final Document, the difficulties encountered, and the fruits achieved, and are called to report on progress during their ad limina visits.”

He encourages bishops to embrace this responsibility with courage, humility, and creativity. The Pope acknowledges that certain issues may require time and a broader consensus across the global Church to resolve.

In his closing remarks, Pope Francis calls on all faithful to ensure that the words expressed during the synodal journey translate into concrete actions. He emphasizes that the process must be dynamic and collaborative, aiming for renewal and growth. He expresses his hope that the Holy Spirit, as the source of harmony within the Church, will continue to inspire and guide the faithful, ultimately leading them to a deeper communion with Christ.

“The synodal journey,” the Pope reminds, “needs shared words to be accompanied by deeds.” His note ends with a prayerful hope for the Holy Spirit to guide the Church into full communion with Christ.

Man Who Studied at IIT, IIM, Worked for MNC, and Became a Monk: A Journey of Spiritual Awakening

Every year, numerous students prepare for rigorous competitive exams like the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE), Civil Services, and National Eligibility Entrance Examination with the hope of achieving success and gaining admission to prestigious institutions. However, only a few are fortunate enough to secure a place in their desired college or university. Interestingly, even those who do manage to clear these exams or study at reputed institutions sometimes choose to take a completely different path in their lives. One such individual is Swami Mukundananda, a man who graduated from IIT, studied at IIM, worked at a multinational corporation, and eventually chose to become a monk.

Swami Mukundananda is a prominent spiritual leader, Vedic scholar, best-selling author, and a globally respected teacher in the fields of spirituality, yoga, and meditation. Born on December 19, 1960, in India, Mukundananda’s early life was marked by a deep interest in meditation and self-reflection. Despite excelling in academics—earning a B.Tech from IIT Delhi and an MBA from IIM Calcutta—he decided to renounce the comforts of a conventional career and embrace the spiritual path of Sannyas.

After completing his studies, Swami Mukundananda found himself working for a multinational corporation. He was initially drawn to the corporate world, as it promised high-paying jobs and material success. However, just a few months into his corporate role, he realized that the lifestyle and career trajectory he was following did not align with his true aspirations. Despite the comfort and prestige of the job, he felt unfulfilled and restless.

In a bold and life-changing move, Swami Mukundananda chose to resign from his corporate job. He turned away from the worldly life and embraced the path of Sannyas, dedicating himself to a spiritual journey. This decision took him across India, where he underwent spiritual training and personal development under the guidance of Jagadguru Shree Kripaluji Maharaj, a renowned spiritual leader.

“Swami Mukundananda is a world-renowned spiritual teacher from India. He is the founder of the yogic system called Jagadguru Kripaluji Yog, widely known as JKYog. Swamiji is a unique sanyasi (monk), who has a distinguished technical and management background, from highly esteemed Indian institutions, which complements his profound spiritual knowledge,” states the official page of Swami Mukundananda.

Throughout his spiritual journey, Swami Mukundananda has gained recognition for his lectures on a variety of topics that blend spiritual teachings with practical life skills. His teachings include subjects such as the Art of Mind Management, Good Health Through Yoga, Meditation, and Spirituality, Developing Our Relationship with God, Bhagavad Gita for Everyday Living, and Patanjali Yog Sutras. These lectures have gained widespread attention and are sought after by people from all walks of life.

Swami Mukundananda’s decision to leave the material world and pursue spirituality is a testament to his deep yearning for self-discovery and a higher purpose. The shift from the material world to a life of spiritual dedication was not an easy one, especially considering his impressive academic and professional achievements. However, it was his inner quest for spiritual awakening that led him to follow the teachings of Shree Krishna Bhakti. His passion for deepening his spiritual understanding grew stronger after he completed his education, and he felt a calling to devote his life to the pursuit of enlightenment.

Despite his early success in the corporate world, Swami Mukundananda’s focus was never on fame or financial gain. His true purpose lay in the realm of spiritual enlightenment and self-realization. Even while working in a high-paying job, he had a growing desire to explore the deeper aspects of life that material success could not provide. His inner calling led him to explore the philosophy of yoga and meditation, which are integral components of his teachings today.

In his journey of self-discovery, Swami Mukundananda realized that true happiness and fulfillment do not lie in external accomplishments or possessions. Rather, they come from a deeper connection with oneself and a higher consciousness. His decision to leave behind the comforts of a well-paying corporate job was a conscious choice to follow his spiritual path.

Swami Mukundananda’s teachings, through his books and lectures, focus on bridging the gap between spiritual wisdom and everyday life. His unique background in technology and management has allowed him to present spiritual teachings in a manner that is accessible and relevant to modern society. His approach emphasizes practical spirituality, combining ancient wisdom with contemporary needs.

In addition to his teachings on spirituality, Swami Mukundananda is also deeply committed to promoting the practice of yoga and meditation for overall well-being. He believes that these practices not only improve physical health but also enhance mental and emotional well-being. His teachings encourage individuals to cultivate mindfulness and develop a deeper connection with their inner selves.

Swami Mukundananda’s journey from a prestigious educational background and a promising corporate career to becoming a monk is an inspiring example of following one’s inner calling and pursuing a life of purpose and fulfillment. His decision to leave behind the conventional path of success and embrace spirituality is a reminder that true happiness is not always found in external achievements, but in inner peace and self-awareness.

Through his lectures and teachings, Swami Mukundananda has touched the lives of countless individuals worldwide, helping them navigate their own spiritual journeys. His work has created a global impact, with followers from all corners of the world seeking his guidance and wisdom. Swami Mukundananda’s unique blend of technical expertise and spiritual insight has earned him the admiration of many, and his teachings continue to inspire people to seek deeper meaning and purpose in their lives.

By the time he graduated, Swami Mukundananda’s yearning for spiritual awakening had intensified. This desire for a higher purpose led him to embrace the path of Shree Krishna Bhakti. His passion for spirituality ultimately led him to the realization that material success, though rewarding, could not provide the peace and contentment that he sought. Within months of beginning his first job, Swami Mukundananda had already typed out his resignation letter, determined to follow the spiritual path he had longed for.

Swami Mukundananda’s story serves as a powerful reminder that true fulfillment comes not from societal recognition or financial success, but from a deeper understanding of oneself and the world around us. His journey from IIT, IIM, and the corporate world to monkhood exemplifies the power of following one’s heart and pursuing a life of spiritual discovery and service to others.

The White Horse Temple: Symbol of India-China Cultural Unity

The White Horse Temple Complex, located in Luoyang in Henan province, China, stands as one of the most significant cultural landmarks linking the ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations. Established in 68 CE during the reign of Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty, this temple became China’s first Buddhist house of worship and played a crucial role in the spread of Buddhism across East Asia, including Vietnam, Japan, and Korea.

A key reminder of the cultural connection between India and China is an Indian-style Buddhist temple within the White Horse Temple Complex, which was inaugurated by Indian President Pratibha Patil in 2010. Speaking at the event, Patil emphasized the significance of the site, stating, “Historically, it has the unique distinction of symbolising an inter-mingling of Indian and Chinese cultures.”

The legend surrounding the temple’s origins offers a fascinating narrative of the introduction of Buddhism to China. The story begins with a dream experienced by Emperor Mingdi of the Later Han Dynasty. In the dream, a golden figure appeared, flying over his palace with the sun and moon behind its head. Upon discussing the dream with his ministers, it was suggested that it might have been a vision of the Buddha.

At the time, knowledge of Buddhism was limited in China, with only a few learned men familiar with the religion. Buddhism had entered China through traders and travelers, while Confucianism remained the dominant belief system in the country. As American Buddhist scholar Kenneth Saunders noted in a 1923 article for the University of California, Berkeley’s Journal of Religion, “While Gotama was preaching in the Ganges Valley, Confucius and Lao-tse were grafting upon the ancient Chinese stock of Animism, or ‘Universism,’ their own distinctive teachings.” Saunders argued that Emperor Mingdi’s dream must have had some basis in earlier Buddhist teachings already circulating in China, possibly brought back by an expedition in 121 BCE.

Following his dream, Emperor Mingdi sent a delegation to India to learn more about Buddhism. The group of 18 individuals set off for India, passing through what is now Xinjiang. Over the three years of their journey, the delegation engaged with both lay Buddhists and monks, learning as much as they could about the teachings of the Buddha.

The delegation’s efforts resulted in the recruitment of two Indian monks, Kashyapa Matanga and Dharmaratna, both of whom became central figures in the early spread of Buddhism in China. Kashyapa Matanga, originally from a Brahmin family in Central India, was well-versed in Mahayana sutras, while Dharmaratna was a highly learned scholar. Saunders believed that these monks had previously attempted to spread Buddhism among the Yuezhi people, a nomadic community in what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan, before traveling to China with the imperial delegation.

The two monks made their journey with a white horse, which carried a bundle of Buddhist sutras and images of the Buddha. The journey was arduous and took a toll on the monks, but their arrival in Luoyang was met with a warm and grand reception. Saunders described the scene, saying, “Weary with their long journey, they would enjoy the wide prospect over lake and river, and not far away were mountains dear to the Buddhist heart.”

Upon their arrival in 67 CE, Kashyapa Matanga and Dharmaratna were tasked with translating Buddhist texts and spreading the teachings of Buddhism. According to Saunders, their first work was a handbook of moral teachings that presented no significant challenge to Confucian or Taoist beliefs. This text was largely based on Theravada Buddhist principles but included elements that would appeal to the Chinese, such as advice on maintaining a sublimated family life. The Sutra of Forty-Two Sayings, likely written by Kashyapa Matanga, became an important part of their mission. Saunders noted that this text was well-received and respected in China for its skillful presentation of Buddhist teachings in a way that was sensitive to Chinese cultural norms.

The story goes that, within a year of the monks’ arrival, Emperor Mingdi commissioned the construction of the White Horse Temple to honor the white horse that had carried the sacred Buddhist scriptures. However, some scholars dispute this version of events. Godfrey Liu and William Wang, in the Chinese Journal of Linguistics, suggested that the temple’s name might have been derived from the Sanskrit word for lotus (padma) and that the Chinese term for “white horse” (bai ma) was a result of folk etymology. Despite this theory, the connection between the white horse and the temple is widely accepted among pilgrims and temple authorities.

The monks did not live long after their arrival in Luoyang. Kashyapa Matanga is believed to have died in 73 CE, and Dharmaratna likely passed away soon afterward. However, their legacy was significant. As Saunders wrote, “The two pioneers did not long survive their arrival at the capital, but they left a tradition of sound scholarship and earnest work, and their Monastery of the White Horse became the model for many of its successors.”

The two monks were honored with a rare distinction in China: they were buried within the White Horse Temple complex. Centuries later, the famous scholar and traveler Xuan Zang, who made a pilgrimage to India in the 7th century, became the abbot of the White Horse Temple, further cementing the temple’s importance in the history of Buddhism in China.

After the deaths of Kashyapa Matanga and Dharmaratna, many other Indian monks began making the long journey to China, bringing Buddhism with them. According to Madhavi Thampi, a scholar of Chinese history, “Indian monks were no doubt motivated to travel to China, in spite of the difficulties of their journeys and the slim likelihood of ever returning to their homeland, because of the respect and warmth with which they were received in China.” This respect was evident not only from the Chinese emperors and princes but also from ordinary people, who warmly embraced the Buddhist missionaries.

Indian Buddhist monks continued to travel the Silk Road to China until the 11th century when Buddhism in India began to decline. As KM Pannikar, India’s first ambassador to China, noted, the interaction between India and China through Buddhist missionaries was one of the most significant events in Asian history. This millennium-long exchange laid the foundation for much of the shared cultural and religious history between the two great civilizations.

Kerala Priest Monsignor George Jacob Koovakad Elevated as Cardinal, Marks Historic First for Indian Clergy

In an unprecedented move, Pope Francis appointed Monsignor George Jacob Koovakad, a 51-year-old priest from Kerala, to the College of Cardinals last month, making him the first Indian priest to be included in this assembly of high-ranking clergy responsible for electing the Pope. Monsignor Koovakad shared his thoughts on his unexpected nomination, his mission, and the role of the Catholic Church in India during a recent conversation with *India Today*.

When asked about his reaction to becoming a cardinal-designate, Monsignor Koovakad expressed his astonishment. “I was completely surprised by the nomination,” he admitted. Nevertheless, he emphasized the importance of humility and trust in the decisions of the Church, viewing the appointment as part of a larger divine plan. “In the Church, we are called to humbly accept the will of God as revealed through the authorities. I always wonder how God sees me as faithful even when I am weak and unworthy,” he added.

The elevation of an Indian priest to cardinal without being a bishop is unusual within the Roman Catholic hierarchy, though not without precedent in other countries. Monsignor Koovakad attributes this decision to Pope Francis’ compassion for the underprivileged, noting how the Pope’s focus often rests on those facing hardship. “Whenever he visits places, it is not the crowds that capture his attention but the weak and vulnerable. A poor person in a wheelchair or a stranded child—they are the ones who catch his eye,” he observed. He felt that the Pope’s compassionate vision, which reaches out to the poor and marginalized, somehow extended to him as well.

The Church in India, despite its ancient roots stretching back 2,000 years, faces several modern challenges. In response to how he plans to address these issues, Monsignor Koovakad acknowledged that such obstacles are not new for the Catholic Church, which has overcome adversity throughout its history. “For 2,000 years, the Church has thrived despite many challenges. This is because Jesus is at the helm. It is His Church. Therefore, we should not be discouraged,” he affirmed. He highlighted India’s long-standing tradition of tolerance and spirituality as central to the Church’s mission, promoting peace and mutual respect. “Indian culture is essentially spiritual and conveys the conviction that peace is possible in all walks of life with mutual respect and courageous dialogue,” he emphasized.

Monsignor Koovakad has extensive experience in diplomatic roles within the Church, having successfully managed issues affecting Catholic communities in various countries. However, when discussing the challenges facing the Church in India, he conveyed a sense of duty rather than personal ambition. “A minister of the Church does not choose his own ministry. It is entrusted to him by Jesus through the respective authority within the Church. All who are given authority work together to resolve issues as they arise, trusting in God’s power,” he stated, underscoring his commitment to the broader mission of the Church.

As to whether Pope Francis would accept an invitation from the Indian Prime Minister to visit India in 2025, Monsignor Koovakad expressed cautious optimism. While he acknowledged the Pope’s willingness to accept invitations, he explained that other responsibilities might complicate scheduling. “The Holy Father is open to all invitations, but there are many pending visits due to various reasons. Next year is the Jubilee Year, so the Holy Father may need to be in the Vatican. However, I believe the visit to India is a priority among the future papal visits,” he remarked, signaling hope for a possible papal visit.

Regarding his vision for the Church, Monsignor Koovakad described his guiding principle as “to spread the fragrance of Christ’s love,” quoting a verse from the Bible. He believes that all actions within the Church should be grounded in the teachings of Jesus, reflecting His love and compassion. “Everything we do should flow from Jesus. We are called to spread the fragrance of love of the Good Shepherd, who knows each of His sheep by name,” he shared. Monsignor Koovakad expressed a strong sense of duty in embodying this mission, aiming for Church members to radiate the divine love and humanity they are called to represent. “Our mission is to let our lives in the Church and the world carry the sweet aroma of His presence,” he elaborated.

The Syro-Malabar Church in Kerala has been embroiled in controversies surrounding liturgical reforms, and its former head, Cardinal George Alencherry, faced a criminal investigation. When questioned about these internal disputes, Monsignor Koovakad responded with a resolute stance on faith. He stressed the importance of staying grounded in Christian beliefs, expressing confidence that the Church would endure through such trials. “We must remain steadfast on the solid rock of faith that Jesus has given to the Church through the Successor of Peter and the College of bishops. Whatever stands against this rock will eventually crumble in the face of adversity,” he stated. Acknowledging human imperfection, he noted, “To err is human, but to return to the right path with humility is divine.”

Monsignor Koovakad also addressed the challenges posed by misinformation and negative perceptions aimed at the Church. He expressed concern that unfounded criticisms could distract from the Church’s mission, advocating for a steadfast commitment to truth and resilience against external pressures. “The Church has often been the target of false accusations and slander. We must not allow the winds of temptation to sweep away the truth,” he argued, urging fellow believers to uphold their faith and resist misleading narratives. “Let us hold firm in our faith and not be led astray by propaganda,” he concluded.

Monsignor George Jacob Koovakad’s appointment as cardinal brings a historic honor to India, marking the first instance of a priest from the country being inducted into the esteemed Consistory of Cardinals. His journey, rooted in humility and dedication to service, exemplifies the Pope’s vision of a Church that stands in solidarity with the most vulnerable. Through his new role, Monsignor Koovakad aspires to deepen the Church’s mission of compassion and love, fostering resilience and unity amidst challenges while striving to uphold the timeless values of the Christian faith.

A Global Celebration of Light and Unity

Around one billion people across the world, including those in the U.S., will celebrate Diwali this week. Known as the “Festival of Lights,” Diwali, or Deepavali, is one of India’s most cherished holidays, rooted in ancient traditions that reflect a spectrum of beliefs and cultural practices.

Diwali originated in India over 2,500 years ago and has evolved into a celebration that lasts up to five days in some regions, though it can also be observed in a single day depending on personal customs and location. This year, Diwali coincides with the U.S. presidential election season, where Vice President Kamala Harris, who holds both Black and South Asian heritage, could make history. Harris, a practicing Christian, has embraced her Indian heritage by celebrating Diwali publicly at her official residence in Washington, D.C. In a previous message, she urged people to “remember to honor the light within one another.” Her presence has inspired many South Asian Americans, such as Deepak Sarma, a 54-year-old scholar who shared that Harris’ position “helps elevate” the South Asian American community, adding, “We’re part of the American landscape.”

Diwali’s Significance Beyond Hinduism

While Diwali is often associated with Hindu traditions, its celebration extends to various South Asian religions, each finding unique meaning in the festival. For some Hindus, Diwali marks Lord Rama’s return from exile, a symbol of righteousness restored. “Other Hindus,” Sarma explains, “believe it to be the celebration of the killing of the asura (demon) Narakasura by Lord Krishna.” For others, Diwali is a time to worship Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, or to honor “the victory of knowledge over ignorance.”

Sikhs celebrate Diwali to mark the release of Guru Hargobind, who was imprisoned in 1617 and freed two years later. Ravi Gupta, a religious studies professor at Utah State University, points out that Diwali has a special resonance for Jains as well, who remember Lord Mahavira’s enlightenment. “In each of these Indic traditions, we find that Diwali holds some sort of significance and a reason for celebration, often a representation of hope and the victory of goodness,” Gupta says.

The Cultural and Culinary Symbolism of Diwali

The word “Deepavali” translates to “garland of lights,” a reference to the traditional lighting of lamps that marks the festival. Sarma, who was born on Diwali, highlights that placing garlands on statues in temples is a common gesture of reverence. “People aren’t garlanding other people with lights,” Sarma notes, explaining how lighting lamps in front of temples is a significant part of the ritual.

Diwali is celebrated on the night of a new moon, making the illuminating effect of lights particularly striking. Streets and homes in India are aglow with oil lamps as a way of guiding Lakshmi to well-lit homes, according to Gupta. The lighting is complemented by festive fireworks, embodying “the victory of light over darkness.”

Food holds a central place in Diwali festivities. Sweets, homemade or store-bought, are shared generously, with soan papdi, jalebi, and almond burfi among favorites. “Food is everything” during Diwali, Gupta remarks. As the festival progresses, the Govardhan Puja or Annakuta, which translates to “mountain of food,” is celebrated by creating a literal pile of food to honor a story where Lord Krishna protected his village by lifting a mountain. Gupta advises consuming food responsibly: “Although it’s celebrating plenty, it’s also emphasizing the fact that food is very much a gift and it is special.”

Vibrant colors also contribute to the festive atmosphere, with intricate rangoli designs drawn outside homes to symbolize sacredness and invite good fortune. Wearing colors like red signifies new beginnings, growth, and prosperity.

Embracing Diwali Regardless of Background

Diwali celebrations are open to everyone, not just those of Indian or Hindu backgrounds. Sarma, who consults for companies such as Netflix and American Greetings, suggests gifting a Diwali card or greeting friends with “Happy Diwali.” However, Sarma also cautions that it’s essential to avoid assumptions: “Not every person that’s South Asian or Indian or has Indian heritage may have learned about the tradition or celebrated it.”

In the U.S., approximately 80% of Indian Americans identify as Hindu, according to Pew Research, while the rest belong to various faiths, including Islam, Christianity, and Sikhism. Gupta plans to celebrate Diwali with a two-day gathering with family and friends in Logan, Utah, while Sarma will share sweets with friends and dine at an Indian restaurant near Cleveland, Ohio, in addition to gifting their children a book or pen as a token of the holiday’s spirit. As Sarma puts it, “The greatest thing that I could give my children is the thirst for knowledge.”

Pope Francis’ Three-Year Synod Process Proposes Sweeping Changes for an Inclusive and Transparent Catholic Church

In a historic conclusion to a three-year synodal process, Pope Francis revealed recommendations to address the challenges facing the Catholic Church and proposed a vision for greater inclusivity and transparency within the institution. The Final Document, published on October 26, highlights a framework where all baptized members can participate in shaping the church’s future.

The proposals include transformative steps like reforming priestly training, promoting greater lay involvement in bishop selection, expanding women’s ministries, and amending church law to ensure accountability and openness. The 51-page document summarizes discussions from numerous listening sessions, continental assemblies, and two summits held in Rome, marking a critical point in the church’s journey toward inclusivity and synodality.

Despite its progressive stance, the document stops short of advocating for certain significant reforms that many Catholic reform groups had hoped for, including reinstating the female diaconate and increasing recognition of LGBTQ Catholics. However, it remains open to future dialogue on these issues, affirming that the possibility of women’s ordination to the diaconate “remains open” and emphasizing that the church should not exclude people based on “marital status, identity, or sexuality.”

The proposal to ordain women as deacons was one of the most contentious topics in the synod, receiving the highest number of opposing votes. Although all 151 paragraphs in the document achieved the required two-thirds majority, the paragraph on women deacons garnered 97 “no” votes from the 355 voting members in the Vatican synod hall.

Crafted by approximately 400 delegates worldwide, the document represents a landmark effort by Pope Francis, urging the centuries-old institution to listen to all members and create a more inclusive church. Yet, questions remain about how and when these proposals will be implemented.

Pope Francis endorsed the document’s release and expressed his hope that it would serve as a “gift to the people of God.” He stated that he would not issue an apostolic exhortation—typically a document offering his own reflections on synod proceedings—because the synod’s Final Document already contains “highly concrete indications” for guiding the church’s mission. The pope also acknowledged that specialized study groups will continue working on complex issues raised during the synod, with conclusions anticipated by June 2025. As he highlighted in his remarks, the church’s “words must be accompanied by action.”

Women’s Role, Seminary Training, and Bishop Accountability

The role of women has been a focal point throughout the synod process. While Pope Francis has previously stated that the proposal to reinstate the female diaconate needs further discernment, the Final Document leaves the issue open. “This discernment needs to continue,” it states, signaling an openness to further dialogue.

At a press conference on October 26 following the final vote, Cardinal Jean-Claude Hollerich explained that by publishing the document, Pope Francis has signaled support for the synod’s recommendations, including leaving the question of female deacons unresolved. “The Holy Father has not said women will be ordained deacons. He has not said women will not be ordained deacons,” Hollerich noted, suggesting an open-ended approach.

The document observes that women still face significant obstacles to achieving full recognition in all areas of church life and recommends implementing leadership roles for women currently permitted under canon law. Additionally, the document calls for an overhaul of priest formation programs, proposing that women play a prominent role in Catholic seminaries.

An ongoing special study group is examining issues related to women, although its activities have mostly remained confidential since it was formed in March. After recent controversy involving the group’s leadership, the document requests that the Vatican’s synod office “ensure the synodal quality” of these study groups.

The document further envisions enhanced lay leadership within the church and proposes that the laity be given a larger role in selecting bishops. In a synodal church, the Final Document explains, collaboration and shared responsibility should guide relationships among bishops, priests, and parishioners, including within seminary training and canonical processes. The document stresses that accountability should be reciprocal, noting that this dimension of church authority “needs restoration.”

Increasing Transparency and Accountability

One of the synod’s primary goals has been to improve transparency in the church’s decision-making processes. The Final Document suggests that the church’s Code of Canon Law be updated from a “synodal perspective” to clarify the roles of consultation and decision-making within the church’s governance.

Additionally, the synod advises establishing finance councils, involving laity in pastoral and financial planning, creating audited annual reports for financial matters and safeguarding policies, and conducting regular evaluations of all church ministries. These participatory bodies, the document emphasizes, are foundational to a “synodal church” that prioritizes efficiency and genuine engagement.

For a truly synodal church, the Final Document insists that “concrete changes in the short term” are necessary to inspire confidence in the synodal process. Otherwise, it warns, disillusioned church members who had gained hope from the synodal discussions may lose faith in the church’s commitment to reform.

While the document does not explicitly mention it, the recent Vatican decree permitting blessings for same-sex unions was a topic of significant discussion during the October 2-26 assembly. Though widely accepted in the West, some bishops in Eastern Europe and Africa have refused to enact the decree. The document calls for further study on whether certain doctrinal matters should be reserved for the pope or if episcopal conferences can address them independently. It also supports greater collaboration among regional episcopal conferences to deepen synodal practices.

Other Proposals and Future Directions

Among other recommendations, the document proposes:

  1. Collaboration between Roman dicasteries and bishops’ conferences, including consultation with local parties before issuing major documents;
  2. Enhanced interactions among the College of Cardinals to improve communication within the church’s leadership;
  3. Establishing a synodal study group to explore how liturgical celebrations can better reflect synodality;
  4. Creating a council of Eastern Catholic patriarchs, major archbishops, and metropolitans to provide guidance to the pope; and
  5. Expanded training for those working with minors and vulnerable adults to enhance safeguarding initiatives.

Pope Francis officiated the synod’s closing Mass on October 27 at St. Peter’s Basilica, surrounded by delegates from around the world. He urged the church to address the “challenges of our time,” particularly the “urgency of evangelization” and the widespread suffering in today’s world.

“A sedentary church, that inadvertently withdraws from life and confines itself to the margins of reality, is a church that risks remaining blind and becoming comfortable with its own unease,” the pope remarked. “If we remain stuck in our blindness, we will continuously fail to grasp the urgency of giving a pastoral response to the many problems of our world.” Concluding his address, he encouraged the church to “get its hands dirty” by bringing “the joy of the Gospel through the streets of the world.”

This monumental synodal journey marks a new chapter for Pope Francis and the Catholic Church, striving for a future of inclusivity, transparency, and active engagement with all its members.

International Religious Freedom Day: Honoring the Fight for Faith Amid Global Persecution

October 27 marks International Religious Freedom Day, a commemoration of the International Religious Freedom Act signed in 1998 by then-President Bill Clinton. This day, recognized annually, highlights the longstanding and sometimes dark history of religious freedom.

This date is etched in history for various reasons. In AD 312, Emperor Constantine the Great reportedly had a vision of the Cross while marching into battle, inspiring his conversion to Christianity. This led to the Edict of Milan, which legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire. However, religious intolerance has marred the date, too; in 1553, theologian Michael Servetus was executed for heresy in Geneva. More recently, on October 27, 2018, the tragic shooting at the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh resulted in the deaths of eleven worshippers and injuries to six others, underscoring ongoing threats to religious freedom.

The right to religious freedom is reinforced by global documents like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Despite these protections, religious freedom is increasingly fragile and vulnerable. Global antisemitism has surged, but other communities face severe challenges as well. For example, in 2014, the extremist group ISIS committed widespread atrocities against the Yezidi community, actions deemed genocidal. Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar faced similar violence in 2017, leading many to flee to Bangladesh. Recently, Bangladesh saw violent attacks on its Hindu population, while Uyghur Muslims and Falun Gong practitioners in China continue to endure systemic oppression.

Christianity remains the world’s most persecuted faith. Data from Open Doors USA reports that over 365 million Christians worldwide experience high levels of persecution, equating to roughly one in seven Christians globally, with starkly high rates in Africa and Asia. The numbers are troubling: in 2023, approximately 4,998 Christians were martyred, which averages over 13 deaths each day. Of these, 82% were in Nigeria, often at the hands of Muslim Fulani herdsmen, Boko Haram, or ISIS-affiliated groups. That same year, more than 295,000 Christians were displaced by violence or war, more than doubling the previous year’s numbers. There were also over 4,000 cases of Christians imprisoned for their beliefs, and a six-fold increase in church attacks, totaling over 14,000 incidents. The range of persecution spans from state-imposed church closures in China to mob violence in countries like India, as well as church attacks in Nigeria, Nicaragua, and Ethiopia. Incidents are not limited to non-Western countries; Canada, the United States, and France have all reported numerous church attacks, with Canada alone witnessing the destruction or vandalism of at least 196 churches.

Christians and other minorities in Muslim-majority countries, particularly those with fundamentalist Islamic laws, face severe discrimination. In Pakistan, blasphemy laws are frequently used against Christians, where accusations of blasphemy can incite mob violence with minimal evidence. India, a nation recognized for its democratic principles, has also seen concerning developments. The Hindu Nationalist Party has promoted anti-conversion laws, penalizing Christian evangelism. Last year, widespread anti-Christian violence in India’s two states left several dead, thousands displaced, and many churches in ruins.

The United States, despite a history of championing religious freedom, is seeing a concerning decline in support for this fundamental right. Supreme Court rulings continue to affirm religious freedom, yet increasing numbers of believers face legal and social pressures to support same-sex marriage, abortion, and gender-affirming care, in direct conflict with their faith. Public understanding and support for religious freedom have waned, often leaving those who reach the Supreme Court to endure prolonged legal battles, significant financial costs, and reputational harm. Many in this situation feel isolated, lacking support from the public or from others who share similar convictions. Additionally, calls to expand the Supreme Court are viewed as a potential threat to religious freedom, aiming to curtail dissent.

Amid this troubling landscape, International Religious Freedom Day serves as a reminder of the importance of the right to believe freely and live according to one’s convictions. Religious freedom is often recognized as a gift that Christianity contributed to global society. With these freedoms under increasing strain, particularly in non-Western countries, American believers are uniquely positioned to advocate for religious freedom and support those whose rights are under threat. Observing International Religious Freedom Day can be as simple as sharing the importance of religious freedom with someone else, or taking a moment to remember and pray for those enduring persecution worldwide, especially fellow Christians facing persecution at unprecedented levels.

Pope Francis Warns of a Heartless World in New Encyclical “Dilexit Nos”

Pope Francis released his fourth encyclical, “Dilexit Nos” (Latin for “He Loves Us”), on Thursday, highlighting a world in crisis. He condemned the lack of compassion in an era marked by “wars, socio-economic disparities, and uses of technology that threaten our humanity.” This social document, coinciding with the 350th anniversary of St. Margaret Mary Alocoque’s first Sacred Heart of Jesus apparition, emphasizes Jesus’ love amid modern challenges. St. Margaret Mary’s vision spread the devotion to Jesus’ Sacred Heart, a message Pope Francis suggests is more critical than ever in a world overshadowed by consumerism and technology.

The encyclical urges believers to reflect on Jesus’ love, as today’s society increasingly obscures humanity’s true essence through technology and consumption. This latest work follows his influential 2015 encyclical “Laudato Si,” which framed environmental care as a moral duty. Yet, while “Dilexit Nos” critiques the global state, it does not explicitly list examples of current global turmoil. Instead, the pope often addresses issues like the Ukraine conflict and Middle East violence in his homilies, public prayers, and travels, frequently seeking prayers for “martyred” Ukrainians and condemning the “inhumane attacks” in Gaza.

Pope Francis has taken a balanced stance in the Middle East crisis, often recognizing Israel’s suffering while also highlighting the plight of Palestinians. In “Dilexit Nos,” he states that a global failure to empathize with both sides reveals “a world that has grown heartless.” Reflecting on society’s tendency toward indifference, he writes, “When we witness the outbreak of new wars, with the complicity, tolerance or indifference of other countries, or petty power struggles over partisan interests, we may be tempted to conclude that our world is losing its heart.”

In the face of rising consumerism and technology-driven societies, Pope Francis warns of an increased risk of disconnect from meaningful “interior life,” which he says requires patience and introspection. He cautions that technology, particularly algorithms, has made human behavior highly predictable, enabling manipulation and control. “Our thoughts and will are much more ‘uniform’ than we had previously thought. They are easily predictable and thus capable of being manipulated,” he observed. The pope underscores the essential role of creativity and emotion in preserving our humanity, stating that “in an era of artificial intelligence, we cannot forget that poetry and love are necessary to save our humanity.”

The encyclical, Vatican’s most authoritative papal teaching form, takes its name from the first words in the document. Monsignor Bruno Forte, Archbishop of Chieti-Vasto in Italy, describes “Dilexit Nos” as a summative message from Pope Francis, conveying that “God loves you and has shown you in the best way, through Jesus.” He explains the document as more than a “spiritual refuge,” presenting it as a call to “love, mutual reception, and forgiveness.”

Church Leaders in India Mourn the Loss of Liberation Theology’s Father, Gustavo Gutiérrez

Church leaders, theologians, and grassroots workers across India are mourning the passing of Dominican Father Gustavo Gutiérrez, regarded as the father of Liberation Theology. His work reshaped how Christians view the poor, encouraging them to see the marginalized not as objects of charity, but as agents and partners in social justice. Gutiérrez passed away on October 22 at the age of 96 in Lima, Peru, his birthplace.

Cardinal Filipe Neri Ferrao, head of India’s Latin Rite Church, expressed profound grief over the death of Father Gutiérrez, describing it as a “tremendous loss” for both the Church and the global community striving for justice, peace, and human dignity. He emphasized that Father Gutiérrez’s life was “defined by an unwavering dedication to the poor and marginalized.” Through his revolutionary book *A Theology of Liberation*, Gutiérrez gave the Church a new understanding of Christ’s presence among the oppressed. Cardinal Ferrao, who is also the archbishop of Goa and Daman, further noted that the Peruvian theologian’s impact extended beyond theological circles to inspire social movements around the world.

Jesuit social scientist Father Cedric Prakash, who had met Gutiérrez, highlighted the immense influence of the theologian’s work. He remarked that the Church, and indeed the world, has lost “a courageous prophet who lived the Gospel of Jesus radically and without compromise.” Father Prakash explained that Gutiérrez’s theology centered on a God who takes sides with the poor, the oppressed, and the marginalized, urging Christianity to recognize Jesus primarily as the redeemer and liberator of the oppressed.

Similarly, Presentation Sister Elsa Muttath, the national secretary of the Conference of Religious India, expressed sorrow over the theologian’s death, saying, “Hope his passing at this time will sow the seeds of new life and hope for the Church to renew itself once again.” Gutiérrez’s influence, according to Sister Muttath, continues to offer a path for the Church to reform and deepen its commitment to social justice.

Jesuit Father Stanislaus Alla, a professor of moral theology in New Delhi, highlighted how Gutiérrez challenged the Eurocentric theology that historically failed to incorporate the struggles and sufferings of the colonized. Father Alla said that Gutiérrez’s work played a crucial role in bringing the experiences of those grappling with poverty and injustice into theological discussions, thereby broadening the scope of theological reflection.

Capuchin Father Suresh Mathew, a journalist, emphasized that Gutiérrez’s legacy lies in how he urged the Church to adopt a more inclusive and socially conscious faith. “His legacy continues to inspire social justice movements worldwide, uniting faith and action,” said Father Mathew, underscoring the global impact of the theologian’s ideas.

Indian Missionary Society Father Anand Mathew, the national convener of the Forum of Religious for Justice and Peace, a group drawing inspiration from Liberation Theology, praised Gutiérrez as “the brightest luminary” in the field. He mentioned that Gutiérrez, along with other theologians like Jon Sobrino, Helder Camara, and Leonard Boff, inspired people to side with the poor and marginalized. Father Anand Mathew’s statement reflects the far-reaching influence Gutiérrez had on religious and justice-oriented movements worldwide.

Grassroots workers in India, such as Sister Sujata Jena and Jesuit Father Irudhaya Jothi, acknowledged that Gutiérrez’s ideas deeply shaped their activism. Father Jothi, who advocates for food rights in West Bengal, shared how A Theology of Liberation influenced his commitment to social justice. “His writings led me to ask critical questions like, ‘Why are there poor people starving in a land of plenty?’ and ‘What is my role as a follower of Jesus, the Liberator?’” These reflections, Father Jothi explained, motivated him to push for rights-based approaches to food security and demand legislative action from the government to address these issues.

Similarly, Sister Jena, a Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary nun, shared how deeply moved she was by Gutiérrez’s reflections on God’s preferential love for the poor during her studies in missiology. She explained that his theology resonated with her in her role as a religious nun, compelling her to prioritize the needs of the marginalized. “It challenged me to see my faith as a path of solidarity, not just in words but in daily action,” said Sister Jena, who works among migrant communities.

Presentation Sister Dorothy Fernandes, another grassroots activist and the former national convener of the Forum of Religious for Justice and Peace, expressed her deep admiration for Gutiérrez. She noted that his work had been a source of strength for the forum’s members as they engaged in justice work. “We have lost a great champion of the poor and the less privileged,” she mourned. Sister Fernandes, who works among the homeless in Patna, described Gutiérrez’s writings and life as a continuing source of inspiration. “He was a true follower of Jesus. May he enjoy Eternal Bliss,” she added.

Through his pioneering work, Gutiérrez not only redefined the Church’s understanding of poverty and marginalization but also served as a beacon for many seeking to unite faith with social activism. His writings remain influential across the world, inspiring movements committed to justice, equality, and human dignity. His vision of Liberation Theology emphasized that the Church must stand in solidarity with the oppressed, advocating for systemic change and recognizing the inherent dignity of every individual, particularly the most vulnerable.

The impact of Gutiérrez’s life and work is deeply felt across various sectors of society, from theological scholars to grassroots workers. His call for a faith that is rooted in action continues to resonate, especially in countries like India, where social inequality and poverty remain pressing concerns. For the countless individuals who were inspired by his theology, Gutiérrez’s legacy serves as a powerful reminder of the role that faith can play in challenging systemic injustice.

As the global Church and numerous communities across the world remember the “prophet of the poor,” the legacy of Father Gustavo Gutiérrez endures, a guiding light for future generations of theologians, social activists, and all those committed to justice and human dignity.

Monsignor George Koovakad Elevated to Cardinal: A Milestone for the Indian Church

On October 6, Pope Francis announced the appointment of 21 new cardinals, including Monsignor George Jacob Koovakad, who oversees the Pope’s overseas travels. Monsignor Koovakad’s elevation to the rank of cardinal marks a significant moment for the Indian Catholic community. His appointment is part of a larger group of new cardinals, which includes several from Asia, demonstrating the global nature of the Catholic Church’s leadership.

The new cardinals from Asia include Archbishop Tarcisio Isao of Tokyo, Japan, Bishop Pablo Virgilio Siongco David of Kalookan in the Philippines, Archbishop Dominique Joseph Mathieu of Tehran Ispahan, Iran, and Bishop Paskalis Bruno Syukur of Bogor, Indonesia. Their appointments reflect the increasing importance of Asia in the Catholic Church, a region where the faith has grown significantly over recent decades.

Monsignor Koovakad, a Syro-Malabar priest, hails from the Archdiocese of Changanacherry in Kerala, India. He joined the Vatican Diplomatic Service in 2006 after completing his formation at the prestigious Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in Rome. The 51-year-old cleric has served in various diplomatic roles around the world, gaining experience in multiple Apostolic Nunciatures, including those in Algeria, South Korea, Iran, Costa Rica, and Venezuela. Currently, he holds a position in the Vatican’s Secretariat of State, where he has been responsible for organizing the Pope’s international travels since 2021.

Monsignor Koovakad’s roots trace back to his birthplace in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala. He was born on August 11, 1973, to Jacob and Thresiamma Koovakad. His family belongs to the Lourde Matha Parish at Mammoodu in Changanacherry. He completed his theological studies at St. Thomas Minor Seminary in Kurichy, St. Joseph Pontifical Seminary in Aluva, and Maria Mater Ecclesiae in Rome. On July 24, 2004, he was ordained a priest by Archbishop Joseph Powathil of Changanacherry. Monsignor Koovakad also holds a doctorate in Canon Law, further demonstrating his deep academic and spiritual preparation for his roles in the Church.

Before entering diplomatic service, Monsignor Koovakad served as assistant vicar at St. Mary’s Church in Parel, Changanacherry. His career in the Vatican’s diplomatic corps began in 2006, when he was assigned to the Apostolic Nunciature in Algeria. This marked the start of a distinguished career that would take him to many countries around the world. Monsignor Koovakad’s various diplomatic postings include serving as secretary of the Nunciature in South Korea from 2009 to 2012 and in Iran from 2012 to 2014. Later, he served as counsellor of the Nunciatures in Costa Rica from 2014 to 2018 and in Venezuela from 2018 to 2020.

Since 2020, Monsignor Koovakad has been based at the Vatican’s Secretariat of State, where his primary responsibility has been organizing the global travels of Pope Francis. His expertise in this role has been widely recognized, as noted by Father Stephen Alathara, deputy secretary general of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of India. “He has played a vital role in coordinating and managing the logistics of the Holy Father’s trips around the world,” Father Alathara stated.

Despite his busy schedule in the Vatican, Monsignor Koovakad maintains strong ties to his home parish in Kerala. During the last Holy Week, he returned to Mammoodu to lead services at his home parish and visited the archdiocesan headquarters. His commitment to both his home community and his international duties reflects his deep devotion to the Church.

In a touching moment, Pope Francis personally reached out to Monsignor Koovakad’s family. On September 2, 2023, the Pope video-called Monsignor Koovakad’s 95-year-old grandmother, Sosamma Antony, who had recently battled COVID-19. Concerned about her health, the Pope spoke with her through Monsignor Koovakad, who translated during the brief conversation. The exchange was filled with warmth and humor, as the Pope and Sosamma shared greetings and blessings.

The appointment of Monsignor Koovakad as cardinal is a moment of pride for the Archdiocese of Changanacherry. Archbishop-elect Thomas Tharayil of Changanacherry expressed the community’s joy in a public message: “The archdiocese is extremely grateful to the Lord for this happy moment when our beloved Monsignor George Koovakad was elevated to the rank of Cardinal.” The archbishop praised Monsignor Koovakad as “the proud son” of the archdiocese and emphasized how rare such an elevation is in the history of the Indian Church. He noted that the new cardinal-elect is “a man of spiritual integrity and loyalty to the Church” and predicted that Monsignor Koovakad will be “a dynamic presence in the ecumenical Church.”

The official ceremony to install the new cardinals will take place on December 8, 2024, coinciding with the feast of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin. This will be the 10th consistory called by Pope Francis since he was elected Pope in 2013. The consistories are important ceremonies where new cardinals are formally installed and receive their red hats, symbolizing their readiness to act as defenders of the faith.

The newly appointed cardinals come from a diverse range of countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Italy, Britain, Serbia, Japan, Indonesia, Canada, Ivory Coast, and Algeria. Among the 21 new cardinals, 20 are under the age of 80, making them eligible to vote in the next papal conclave, which will be convened to elect a new pope when Pope Francis either passes away or steps down from his position. This group of young cardinals is seen as a reflection of Pope Francis’s desire to shape the future of the Catholic Church.

By 2025, which will be a Jubilee Year for the Catholic Church, there will be 140 cardinal electors, with almost 80 percent of them having been appointed by Pope Francis. This strong majority of cardinals chosen by the current Pope increases the likelihood that his progressive and inclusive vision for the Church will continue under his eventual successor. Church observers have noted that the presence of so many younger cardinals in the conclave could shape the direction of the Church for decades to come, ensuring that the reforms initiated by Pope Francis will have a lasting impact on the global Catholic community.

Monsignor George Koovakad’s elevation to the rank of cardinal is a significant moment not only for him personally but also for the Indian Catholic community. His career in the Vatican Diplomatic Service, his strong ties to his home archdiocese, and his close relationship with Pope Francis highlight the qualities that make him a fitting candidate for this prestigious role. The upcoming consistory on December 8 will mark a new chapter in his journey of service to the Church, and his work will continue to shape the global Catholic community for years to come.

Pilgrims, Pastors, and Questions: The Vatican’s Synod on Synodality Continues Amid Uncertainty

This week in Rome, a feeling of déjà vu is hard to shake off. Along with the usual flood of tourists, the city has welcomed pilgrims, pastors, and prelates attending the second round of the Vatican’s Synod on Synodality. This synod, which first convened in October 2023, brings together not just bishops, as is customary in such gatherings, but also priests, women religious, and laypeople, many of whom participated in the previous session. For some in the media, it feels like another Groundhog Day moment at the Vatican.

The concept of “synodality” is centered on the idea of “journeying together,” as the Vatican translates it. Reflecting this spirit, the delegates are seated around circular tables during the discussions. This arrangement is intended to promote a sense of equality, instead of hierarchy, and to cultivate a vision of a Church that values dialogue, listening, and inclusivity.

Yet despite this atmosphere of open conversation, many people—both inside and outside the Catholic Church—are questioning what has been accomplished beyond the talking stage.

Communicators for the synod, along with Vatican officials, have sought to convey that real progress is happening, and that this isn’t simply a rehash of last year’s event. “This is not just a chronological repetition of what has happened before,” said Rev. Giacomo Costa, a familiar figure in his role as special secretary to the synod. Speaking at the first synod press conference on Thursday, October 3, Costa assured journalists that the delegates are more comfortable with one another this time around, which he believes has improved the quality of their discussions.

Costa emphasized that this year’s gathering is more focused, with attendees tasked with addressing specific issues without being sidetracked by broader debates. “Delegates are supposed to focus on specific issues and not be distracted by raising questions and opening ever-growing discussions,” he explained.

Cardinal Mario Grech echoed this sentiment in his opening remarks at the synod’s General Assembly. He pointed out a marked reduction in the number of questions raised in this year’s preparatory document, “Instrumentum Laboris,” compared to the previous year. “The question mark appears around a dozen times, compared to the 300 times in the previous one,” Grech said, noting that this is a clear indicator of progress. “It seems like a good indicator of the step forward that the second session is called to take and a clear invitation to focus our attention on a single direction.”

Despite these reassurances, the lack of concrete news coming out of the synod has left many wondering what, if anything, is being achieved. Media coverage of the event has been limited by strict Vatican controls. Although daily press briefings are held, journalists can only interview a few select delegates and access a small number of speeches delivered inside the closed meeting rooms, which are not attributed to any particular speaker.

While the synod takes place behind closed doors, Catholic advocacy groups and organizations outside the Vatican are holding their own events—ranging from demonstrations to vigils—aimed at influencing the discussions. However, these groups are as much in the dark as the reporters when it comes to the details of the synod proceedings.

One of the reasons for this perception of stagnation is that the more contentious issues within the Church, which many Catholics had hoped would be addressed, have been deferred. Instead of being discussed by the synod delegates, these topics have been passed on to 10 study groups consisting of theologians and experts who are not part of the formal synod.

The questions that once gave progressive Catholics hope for reform, while causing concern for conservatives, have been effectively sidelined until the study groups report their findings next year. Among the issues under study are the ordination of women, the possibility of married priests, and the inclusion of LGBTQ Catholics in the Church. But even beyond these headline-grabbing topics, there are other pressing concerns for ordinary Catholics: Why shouldn’t laypeople have more influence in choosing bishops or papal representatives? How can priests be better trained? How should the Church address the widespread practice of polygamy in African congregations? And what steps can be taken to strengthen relationships with Eastern Rite Catholics and other Christian denominations?

While these questions might not generate as much media attention, they are no less complex. As Rev. Thomas Reese, a columnist for Religion News Service, noted, “Some of these questions have been at the center of Catholic debates since the (16th century’s) Council of Trent!”

Costa was quick to clarify that members of the study groups are not operating in isolation. Several of them are also delegates at the synod, and they have invited feedback from all Catholics, whether individuals or organized groups. The study groups, he explained, are intended to “discern, not veto” the proposals coming out of the synod discussions.

As part of this effort to discern the way forward, the synod has also considered the role of women in the Church. However, Archbishop Victor Manuel Fernandez, the head of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, indicated that there is still no clear path for women to become deacons. “The Dicastery judges that there is still no room for a positive decision by the Magisterium regarding the access of women to the diaconate, understood as a degree of the Sacrament of Holy Orders,” Fernandez stated. He did add, however, that the study group had found “a particularly interesting way forward” in considering other forms of leadership for women in the Church.

If the synod is indeed a journey, then it appears that changing the culture of the Church is going to take time—a message that Catholics have heard repeatedly over the three years of the synod process. Nevertheless, many of the delegates involved believe that the experiment in synodality is succeeding. Inside the Vatican’s walls, they say, genuine dialogue and listening are taking place.

As the second round of the synod draws to a close, many Catholics are left wondering if the changes being discussed will trickle down to parishes, bishop’s conferences, and Catholic communities around the world. It remains to be seen whether the synod’s efforts to foster inclusivity and dialogue will bring about lasting change in the Church’s structure and governance.

For now, the world watches, waiting to see if the Vatican’s experiment in “journeying together” will lead to real progress or if, as some fear, it will amount to little more than talk.

Pope Francis Celebrates the Launch of the Catholic Institute for Nonviolence, Calls for Peace and Fraternity

Pope Francis expressed his hopes that the newly founded Catholic Institute for Nonviolence will inspire a fresh dedication to peace and fraternity. This message was delivered during the institute’s inauguration, an event where members of Pax Christi International’s Catholic Nonviolence Initiative officially introduced the organization. The inauguration was held at the Istituto Maria Santissima Bambina in Rome, Italy.

In a telegram sent by the Vatican’s Secretary of State, Cardinal Pietro Parolin, on behalf of Pope Francis, the Pope urged attendees to unite in defending human rights and working towards building a society based on justice and mutual love. He referred to a key message from the 50th World Day of Peace, emphasizing that nonviolence should serve as the foundation of peace, stating: “May charity and nonviolence guide the world in the way we treat one another, in interpersonal, social, and international relations.”

Nonviolence as a Way of Life

Cardinal Charles Maung Bo of Myanmar and Cardinal Robert McElroy of San Diego led the inauguration, highlighting the institute’s potential to bring attention to the nonviolence embodied by Jesus. Cardinal Bo stressed that the Institute would draw upon theological reflection, practical strategies for addressing violence, and the experiences of marginalized communities committed to peace. He said, “This Institute will help us reclaim the nonviolence of Jesus, learning from the wisdom of theological reflection, practical strategies for addressing violence and the experiences of marginalized communities who embody this radical call to peace.”

Cardinal McElroy pointed to the need for the Church to reconsider its stance on war, which historically permitted war in extreme cases under the “just war” doctrine. He noted that this doctrine had failed to prevent violent conflicts or pave the way to true peace. “This is a new moment marked by the need to fundamentally renew and prioritize the claim of nonviolent action as the central tenet of Catholic teaching on war and peace,” said McElroy. Cardinal Bo echoed these sentiments, emphasizing the importance of the Catholic Institute for Nonviolence in helping the Church grasp the true meaning of nonviolence as centered in the Gospel.

Voices of Nonviolence at the Inauguration

The event, streamed live on YouTube, was a platform for several key figures to speak about the Institute’s mission. Among them was Sister Teresia Wachira, from the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary. She underlined the role of the Institute in promoting different methods of nonviolent peacebuilding. “One aspect we focus on is Peace Journalism, as we’ve seen how media can sometimes escalate conflicts. The media should present both sides and explore ways to bring communities together, helping them reach a point where they are ready for mediation.”

Dr. Maria Stephan, an acclaimed author and former Director of the Program on Nonviolent Action at the U.S. Institute of Peace, shared her research findings on the effectiveness of nonviolent protests. Her studies demonstrated that movements are more likely to succeed when they maintain nonviolent discipline, even in the face of repression. She explained, “Our research shows that movements are more likely to succeed when they maintain nonviolent discipline, even under repression, creatively alternate between methods of concentration (like sit-ins and demonstrations) and dispersion (such as boycotts and stay-aways), and prioritize strategic planning and decentralized leadership.”

At the conclusion of the inauguration, Pax Christi International’s Secretary General, Martha Inés Romero, spoke on the rising tide of global violence and the critical role the Catholic Institute for Nonviolence can play in addressing these issues. “There is already extensive knowledge, research, and experience on nonviolence. The institute seeks to enhance this body of work and make it more accessible to the Church.”

Following Romero’s remarks, Marie Dennis, Senior Director of the Catholic Nonviolence Initiative, stressed the significance of nonviolence within the Church. “Through the synod process, the global Catholic Church is discussing nonviolence as a practice of the faithful. The launch of the Catholic Institute for Nonviolence in Rome will continue this conversation now and after the synod closes.”

Themes of the Inauguration

The inauguration event centered around three major themes that underscored the importance of establishing nonviolence as a core Church doctrine. The first theme, “Nonviolence is Faithful,” reflects the belief that nonviolence is a principle deeply rooted in the Gospel. The second theme, “Nonviolence is Effective,” emphasized that nonviolent approaches to conflict resolution and peacebuilding are far more successful than violent alternatives. The final theme, “Nonviolence is a Powerful Way Forward,” encouraged the Church and the world to embrace nonviolence as the solution to global crises of injustice, war, and destruction.

Artisans of Peace

The Catholic Institute for Nonviolence is committed to equipping the Catholic Church, its leaders, and institutions with the knowledge and experience needed to promote nonviolence. The institute focuses on documenting real-life examples of nonviolent practices in diverse communities, aiming to offer ethical and spiritual alternatives to both violence and passivity. Through research, resources, and hands-on experience, the institute seeks to deepen the Church’s understanding of Gospel-centered nonviolence.

The institute’s work is supported by financial sponsors and guided by a Coordinating Committee, which includes representatives from various countries. An advisory council, comprising scholars, religious figures, and prominent advocates of nonviolence, provides additional support. These council members help advance the institute’s mission by connecting it with nonviolence practitioners both inside and outside the Catholic Church. Each member serves a renewable three-year term.

Pax Christi International Peace Award

On October 29th, Pax Christi International will also host its annual Peace Award ceremony. Since 1992, the award has been given to individuals and organizations who have championed peace, justice, and nonviolence around the world. This year, the award will be presented to the Parents Circle – Families Forum (PCFF), an organization comprising over 600 Israeli and Palestinian families who have experienced personal loss due to the conflict in their region. PCFF promotes reconciliation and dialogue between the two communities, organizing over 300 events annually to foster empathy and humanization on both sides. The organization’s co-directors, Yuval Rahamim, Rami Elhanan, and Bassam Aramin, all of whom lost loved ones in the conflict, have turned their grief into actions of hope and peace.

Nonviolence Seminars

As part of the discussions on nonviolence at the Sixteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, the Catholic Institute for Nonviolence will be hosting a series of four seminars in October. These seminars will cover topics like the effectiveness of nonviolence, nonviolent conflict management, and the Church’s role in nurturing a global nonviolent movement. The schedule for the seminars includes: “Nonviolence: Faithful and Effective” on October 4th, “Managing Conflict Nonviolently” on October 11th, “Nonviolent Defense: Beyond War and Cycles of Violence” on October 18th, and “The Role of the Church in Nurturing a Global Nonviolent Shift” on October 25th. These seminars aim to deepen the Church’s commitment to nonviolence as a practical and spiritual path forward.

Pope Francis Calls Europe to Embrace Peace and Welcome Migrants

Pope Francis called on Europe to become a symbol of peace and a welcoming refuge for migrants and refugees as he began his visit to Luxembourg on Thursday. This trip aimed to address both spiritual and humanitarian concerns while energizing the dwindling Catholic community in a region once considered a bastion of Christianity.

Upon his arrival in Luxembourg, the second-smallest and wealthiest country per capita in the European Union, Francis received a warm welcome despite the chilly weather that soon turned into rain. The 87-year-old Pope had recently canceled some of his engagements due to a mild flu, but he appeared to be in good health during the visit. Although he did not make his customary walk down the airplane aisle to greet journalists, the Vatican spokesperson clarified that it was because of the short flight and the layout of the plane, not health concerns.

Luxembourg was the first stop for Pope Francis before he headed to Belgium, where he will spend the weekend. His agenda includes discussions about immigration and peace, especially with the ongoing war in Ukraine. He is also expected to meet with survivors of clergy sexual abuse, a significant issue in the Belgian Catholic Church.

In Luxembourg, Francis was accompanied by Cardinal Jean-Claude Hollerich, a close confidant and one of Francis’ trusted advisors. Hollerich, a Jesuit like the Pope, guided him around the country, taking him to a soccer-themed coffee shop near his home during an afternoon break. Hollerich is Luxembourg’s only cardinal and has played a crucial role in shaping the Pope’s reform initiatives within the Catholic Church.

In his opening address to Luxembourg’s government officials and diplomats, Pope Francis highlighted the country’s historical significance as a European crossroads. Luxembourg, having been invaded during both World Wars, is acutely aware of the devastation that nationalism and harmful ideologies can bring. He emphasized that the country could serve as a model, showcasing the advantages of peace over the horrors of war. “Luxembourg can show everyone the advantages of peace as opposed to the horrors of war,” Francis said.

Francis also praised Luxembourg for its long-standing tradition of opening its doors to foreigners. He urged the country to continue this role and to use its wealth to help poorer nations, reducing the economic pressure that forces people to migrate. “This is one way to ensure a decrease in the number of those forced to emigrate, often in inhumane and dangerous conditions,” the Pope stated. “Let us not forget that having wealth includes responsibility.”

Luxembourg, with a population of 660,000, is a melting pot, where more than half of its residents are non-native. Many are EU bureaucrats or second-generation Portuguese citizens, and the country has a history of welcoming migrants from both within and outside the EU. It has accepted a significant number of migrants crossing the Mediterranean and those fleeing conflict in regions such as Ukraine. By March 2024, Luxembourg was providing temporary protection to over 4,200 non-EU citizens displaced by the war in Ukraine.

Denise Berans, a local resident, noted the excitement in the air, saying, “There are a lot of people here too, border residents who have come and foreigners who live in Luxembourg to see the pope. It is an exceptional thing.”

During a meeting with the Catholic community at Luxembourg’s Cathedral of Notre Dame, Pope Francis lauded the country’s commitment to welcoming those in need. The cathedral, built by Jesuits in the early 1600s, stands as a reminder of Christianity’s deep roots in European history. The Pope urged the Catholic community to uphold this legacy and continue to make Luxembourg a welcoming place for those seeking help. “I encourage you to be faithful to this legacy, and to continue to make your country a friendly home for those who knock at your door seeking help and hospitality,” Francis said, reiterating his call for everyone to feel welcomed in the church.

Luxembourg’s Christian heritage dates back to the 4th century, and it was once a strongly Catholic nation. However, Vatican statistics reveal that only 41% of the population identifies as Catholic today. The rapid decline in religious participation mirrors trends seen across much of Europe, where secularism has gained ground, and the Catholic Church faces increasing challenges.

Pope Francis’ visit to Luxembourg was much shorter than St. John Paul II’s 10-day tour of the region in 1985, which included stops in Belgium and the Netherlands. During that trip, John Paul II delivered 59 speeches and sermons, and was met by enthusiastic crowds. Yet even then, the Catholic Church faced opposition to its stances on issues like contraception, a resistance that has only grown over time.

The sexual abuse crisis, as well as disagreements with Vatican teachings on sexual morality, have contributed to a sharp decline in church participation. Today, church attendance is low, and new priest ordinations have significantly decreased.

Still, despite these challenges, crowds of well-wishers gathered in the narrow streets near the Dukal Palace to catch a glimpse of the Pope in his popemobile. Even rain did not deter the crowd, though one protester jumped over the barricades in an attempt to reach the Pope and was quickly subdued by security.

In a recent article in the Vatican newspaper L’Osservatore Romano, Cardinal Hollerich attributed the decline in the Catholic Church in Luxembourg to secularism and the influx of people with different or no religious beliefs. He argued that the church must adapt to the current reality, rather than attempt to restore its former dominance. “We can no longer look back in the hope of restoring that church that existed a half-century ago. We have to try to find traces of God in the current secularization,” Hollerich wrote.

Cardinal Hollerich, appointed a cardinal by Francis in 2019, plays a pivotal role in the Pope’s ongoing reform efforts. He serves as the general rapporteur for the Synod on Synodality, a major initiative aimed at addressing the future of the Catholic Church. In this capacity, Hollerich has overseen consultations with Catholics worldwide and compiled their views into working papers for bishops to discuss at the Vatican. The second session of this multi-year synod is set to begin next week.

Pope Francis’ high regard for Hollerich is evident. Last year, the Pope named Hollerich to his Council of Cardinals, an advisory group of nine prelates who meet regularly to assist the Pope in governing the Church.

Francis’ trip to Luxembourg, though brief, emphasized the pressing issues of migration, peace, and the church’s future in an increasingly secularized Europe. His message to the continent was clear: Europe must embrace its role as a beacon of peace and continue to open its doors to those in need, while the Catholic Church must find new ways to remain relevant in a rapidly changing world.

Trump and Harris Neck-and-Neck as Election Nears, Catholics Show Divided Support

As the 2024 U.S. presidential election nears its final stretch, a new Pew Research Center poll reveals a close race between former president Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris. The poll highlights a sharp divide among U.S. religious groups, especially Catholics, whose loyalties appear to be split between the two candidates. While Trump has garnered a slim majority of support from Catholic voters, Harris has maintained strong backing from key minority groups within the Catholic community.

The Pew survey, released on Monday, indicates that 52% of Catholics plan to vote for Trump, while 47% favor Harris. The slim lead for Trump is mainly attributed to his strong support among white Catholics. According to the poll, Trump commands the backing of 61% of white Catholic voters, while Harris is favored by 65% of Hispanic Catholics. These findings underscore a significant racial divide within the Catholic community, as both candidates vie for this crucial voting bloc.

The religious breakdown in the Pew survey aligns with longstanding trends in U.S. politics. “U.S. religious groups that traditionally have leaned Republican are backing former president Donald Trump by wide margins,” the poll reported, while “groups that have historically backed Democrats are mostly supporting Vice President Kamala Harris.”

Among Protestants, white evangelical Christians, a traditionally conservative group, continue to rally behind Trump. The Pew survey showed that Trump has the overwhelming support of white Protestants, another group that has leaned heavily toward Republican candidates in recent elections. Meanwhile, Harris enjoys the backing of large majorities of atheists, agnostics, and Black Protestants, with 86% of Black Protestants indicating they plan to vote for her.

This religious divide reflects the broader national picture, where Trump and Harris are locked in a tight race. According to Pew, both candidates are supported by 49% of the electorate, suggesting that the race could come down to key demographic groups, such as religious minorities and swing voters, as the election approaches.

In February, Pew conducted an earlier survey that highlighted a more unfavorable view of Trump among Catholics. At that time, 42% of Catholics held a favorable opinion of Trump, while 57% viewed him unfavorably. The shift in support for Trump among Catholics, as shown in the latest poll, suggests a potential realignment within this religious group, particularly among white Catholics.

However, not all surveys reflect the same level of Catholic support for Trump. A separate poll conducted by EWTN News and RealClear Opinion Research, released just a week prior, painted a different picture of Catholic voter preferences. In that survey, 50% of Catholics backed Harris, while only 42% supported Trump. The EWTN/RealClear poll surveyed 1,000 Catholic voters between August 28 and 30, and had a margin of error of +/- 3 percentage points.

The EWTN/RealClear poll also revealed significant variations in support among different racial groups within the Catholic community. Harris held a substantial lead among African American Catholics, with 82% backing her compared to just 12% supporting Trump. Similarly, Harris had the support of 58% of Catholic Asian voters, while 35% favored Trump. Meanwhile, non-Hispanic white Catholics showed a preference for Trump, with 52% supporting the former president and 42% backing Harris.

The contrasting findings between the Pew and EWTN/RealClear polls underscore the fluidity of the race and the importance of religious and racial identity in shaping voter preferences. The Pew survey, which was conducted between August 26 and September 2, had a significantly larger sample size, polling 9,720 voters, and recorded a margin of error of about 1.5 percentage points. This broader sample size provides a more comprehensive view of voter trends, though the differences between the two surveys highlight the challenges in predicting the final outcome.

Beyond the candidates themselves, the Pew poll also shed light on the key issues driving voters’ decisions in the 2024 election. According to the survey, there was widespread agreement across religious groups on the most pressing concerns. At least six in 10 registered voters from every religious group surveyed said that the economy would be a very important factor in their voting decision. Other prominent issues included health care, appointments to the Supreme Court, and foreign policy, all of which ranked as significant concerns for voters across the religious spectrum.

Despite the religious divisions, the Pew poll revealed common ground among voters on certain policy priorities. “Half or more in almost every religious group say the same about health care, Supreme Court appointments, and foreign policy,” the survey reported, suggesting that while religious identity may influence candidate preference, voters are largely united on the core issues that will shape the country’s future.

For Trump, winning over Catholic voters, particularly white Catholics, will be crucial in the final weeks of the campaign. His campaign has historically relied on the support of religious conservatives, and the Pew poll indicates that this base remains strong, particularly among white evangelical Christians and conservative Catholics. Trump’s ability to maintain and grow this support could be a decisive factor in what is shaping up to be a razor-thin election.

On the other hand, Harris’s strong performance among Hispanic and African American Catholics, as well as her overwhelming support among secular voters and Black Protestants, provides her with a solid foundation as she seeks to mobilize these key demographic groups. With both candidates polling evenly among the electorate, the outcome may ultimately depend on voter turnout and the ability of each campaign to energize its base.

As the election draws near, the battle for Catholic voters and other religious groups will likely intensify. Both Trump and Harris are seeking to secure every possible vote in what promises to be one of the most competitive and closely watched presidential elections in recent history. With the electorate so evenly divided, the Pew poll suggests that the final outcome may hinge on the preferences of religious voters, making them a critical battleground in the race for the White House.

Pope Francis’ Mass in East Timor Draws Record-Breaking Crowd, Echoes Historic Visit of John Paul II

An estimated 600,000 people—nearly half of East Timor’s population—gathered on Tuesday in a seaside park for Pope Francis’ final Mass. The event was held on the same field where St. John Paul II prayed 35 years ago during East Timor’s struggle for independence from Indonesia. The enormous turnout reflected the deeply Catholic nature of this Southeast Asian country and the respect its people hold for the church, which supported them during their fight for freedom.

Francis delighted the massive crowd, staying at Tasitolu park well into the evening, circling the field in his open-topped popemobile as the screens of their cellphones illuminated the night. “I wish for you peace, that you keep having many children, and that your smile continues to be your children,” Francis told the crowd in Spanish.

While papal Masses have drawn larger numbers in more populous nations like the Philippines, the turnout in East Timor, a country of 1.3 million people, was believed to be the largest ever in terms of proportion to the national population.

The park, a vast sea of yellow and white umbrellas—reflecting the colors of the Holy See flag—sheltered attendees from the intense afternoon sun as they awaited the Pope’s arrival. Water trucks intermittently sprayed the crowd to provide relief from the heat. Dirce Maria Teresa Freitas, a 44-year-old who traveled from Baucau, was one of many who arrived hours early. “We are very happy that the pope came to Timor because it gives a blessing to our land and our people,” she said, having arrived at 9 a.m., more than seven hours before the Mass started.

Tasitolu park, where the Mass was held, has a deep historical significance for East Timor. It is believed to have been a place where Indonesian troops disposed of bodies during their brutal 24-year occupation, during which as many as 200,000 people were killed. Today, it is known as the “Park of Peace” and features a large statue of John Paul II, commemorating his historic 1989 visit. During that visit, John Paul II openly criticized Indonesia’s human rights abuses and expressed solidarity with the Timorese faithful. His words of encouragement came at a crucial time during East Timor’s fight for independence, which it achieved in 2002.

Following in John Paul II’s footsteps, Francis’ visit came at a time when East Timor remains one of the poorest countries in the region, with 42% of its population living below the poverty line, according to the U.N. Development Program. Despite the nation’s economic challenges, its Catholic faith runs deep, with 97% of the population identifying as Catholic, a legacy of Portuguese colonialism that dates back to the 1500s.

At the conclusion of the Mass, Cardinal Carmo da Silva, the Archbishop of Dili, reminded the crowd of the historical significance of John Paul II’s visit. “John Paul’s visit marked the decisive step in our process of self-determination,” he said. “Francis’ visit to the same place marks a fundamental step in the process of building our country, its identity, and its culture.”

Although official estimates predicted attendance at 750,000, local organizers reported that approximately 600,000 people had gathered in Tasitolu park and surrounding areas by the time the Mass began. Many had lined up before dawn, and by the time Francis arrived, the roads leading to the park were jammed with cars, trucks, buses, and even pedestrians walking down the middle of the street. The temperature reached 31 degrees Celsius (88 degrees Fahrenheit), compounded by humidity of over 50%.

“For us, the pope is a reflection of the Lord Jesus, as a shepherd who wants to see his sheep,” said Alfonso de Jesus, who had also traveled from Baucau, East Timor’s second-largest city. “So we come to him with all our hearts as our worship.”

De Jesus, 56, had also been present for John Paul II’s 1989 Mass, which was remembered for a riot that erupted just as the event was ending. As police clashed with a group of young men shouting for independence, John Paul II watched as plainclothes Indonesian officers wielded batons to break up the disturbance. Some of the men had unfurled banners reading “Fretilin Welcomes You,” referencing the independence movement that had fought against Indonesian rule since East Timor was annexed in 1976.

The 1989 Mass, attended by 100,000 people, ended with four women being hospitalized after being crushed in the chaotic crowd. Amnesty International later raised concerns that around 40 people had been detained and tortured, though Indonesian authorities denied this. “The Mass was very neat and orderly with tight security,” De Jesus recalled, “but it was marred by a brief riot at the end of the event.”

The 1989 event became a key moment in bringing international attention to East Timor’s independence movement. At the time, reports quoted Dili Bishop Carlos Ximenes Belo, who played a significant role in drawing attention to the plight of the Timorese people. Belo would later go on to win the Nobel Peace Prize along with then-foreign minister and current President José Ramos-Horta for their efforts in peacefully resolving the Timorese conflict.

 

However, Belo’s legacy has been tarnished in recent years. In 2022, the Vatican revealed that Belo had been sanctioned for sexually abusing young boys. The former bishop now lives in Portugal, where the Vatican has blocked him from contacting East Timor. Although his role in East Timor’s history has been widely recognized, his name was conspicuously absent from any official mentions during Pope Francis’ visit. Despite this, many ordinary Timorese people still hold him in high regard for his contributions to their independence.

Sister Maria Josefa, a nun from Cape Verde who has lived in Dili for five years, commented on the sensitive subject, saying that Pope Francis was right to address the issue of abuse during his visit, even if he did not mention Belo by name. “His words of compassion were necessary,” she said.

Francis’ visit, with its massive turnout, once again underscored the significant role the Catholic Church continues to play in East Timor. His message of peace and hope, delivered on the very ground where Timorese blood had been shed decades before, resonated deeply with the faithful, marking yet another milestone in the country’s journey of rebuilding and reconciliation.

Pope Francis Receives Enthusiastic Welcome in Catholic Stronghold of East Timor

In a display of profound faith and devotion, Pope Francis was greeted with immense enthusiasm in East Timor, one of the most Catholic nations globally, where nearly half of its population participated in an open-air Mass on Tuesday. The 87-year-old pontiff’s visit represents the second-to-last stop of his extensive journey across Asia and the South Pacific. According to the Vatican, local officials estimated that approximately 600,000 people attended the Mass, making it one of the largest gatherings of its kind.

Early on Tuesday, the capital city of Dili was bustling with activity as residents of all ages, from elderly congregants to parents with infants in strollers, filled the streets in anticipation of the pope’s arrival. The atmosphere was electric, with cheers echoing through the air as the pope made his way to the seaside park where the Mass was held.

Photographs from the event captured vast crowds holding yellow and white umbrellas—the colors emblematic of the Vatican—as they sought respite from the midday sun. In an effort to keep the attendees cool, a man was seen spraying water over the crowd with a hose, adding to the communal spirit of the day. Many devotees had been stationed in the park since 4 a.m., enduring more than twelve hours of waiting to secure a spot near the front.

Among the eager attendees was Estefania Clotaria-Monterio Gutierrez Ornai, a 25-year-old local who had been waiting since the early hours to witness the historic visit up close. She expressed her aspirations to CNN, stating, “I hope that through his visit here, he can show us to be more respectful to each other and encourage us that, one day, one of us could become the pope like him!”

As Pope Francis arrived amidst chants of “Viva Papa Francesco,” individuals with physical disabilities were given priority to meet the pontiff. Additionally, a group performed a traditional cultural dance in his honor, highlighting the rich heritage of East Timor. During the Mass, prayers were delivered in the local dialects, fostering a deeper connection with the diverse congregation.

At the end of the service, Pope Francis addressed the assembled crowd in Spanish, with a priest translating his words into Timorese. His remarks included a lighthearted yet poignant reference to the region’s crocodiles, creatures that hold significant cultural symbolism as ancestral beings. The pope cautioned the crowd, saying, “Be careful. I was told that crocodiles are coming to some beaches. Crocodiles that come swimming and have a stronger bite than we can handle. Be attentive to those crocodiles that want to change your culture, your history. And stay away from those crocodiles because they bite, and they bite a lot.”

In his homily, Pope Francis also lauded East Timor for its youthful population, describing the abundance of children as a “great gift.” This theme of valuing large families was consistent with his previous remarks during his visit to Indonesia, where he contrasted the country’s high birth rates with declining numbers in other regions.

Following the Mass, the atmosphere remained vibrant as local singer Maria Vitória da Costa Borges, popularly known as “Marvi,” took the stage. She performed alongside fellow Timorese artist Bepi, providing a cultural close to the day’s events. Marvi, a former winner of Portugal’s “The Voice,” showcased the country’s musical talents, further enhancing the celebratory mood.

However, the visit is not without its challenges. The issue of clerical sexual abuse looms over this segment of Pope Francis’s tour, especially in light of recent allegations involving prominent East Timorese clergy. During his address to the nation’s political leaders, the pope urged them to confront “every kind of abuse” to ensure a “healthy and peaceful childhood for all young people.”

East Timor, or Timor Leste, is one of the newest nations in the world, having gained independence in 2002 after a prolonged and violent struggle against Indonesian occupation. The Catholic Church played a pivotal role during this period, supporting the independence movement and suffering significant losses in the process. Today, with a population of approximately 1.3 million, East Timor stands as the second-most Catholic country globally, with 97% of its citizens identifying as Catholic— the highest percentage outside the Vatican.

The government of East Timor allocated $12 million for Pope Francis’s inaugural visit to the deeply religious nation, a figure that has sparked debate given the country’s modest economy and status as one of Asia’s poorest countries. This significant expenditure highlights the profound reverence the populace holds for the pope and the Catholic faith.

The pontiff’s visit comes at a time when the Catholic Church is under increased scrutiny for sexual abuse scandals. In East Timor, allegations have emerged involving high-profile clergy, casting a shadow over the pope’s appearance. Two years prior, the Vatican admitted to having disciplined Bishop Carlos Ximenes Belo, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, after accusations surfaced that he had sexually abused boys decades earlier. Although the Vatican placed Belo under travel restrictions and imposed prohibitions on contact with minors, the bishop has not faced official charges in East Timor and has not publicly addressed the allegations.

Analysts suggest that if Pope Francis chooses to speak directly about sexual abuse during his visit to East Timor, it would send a powerful message to both survivors and those who have yet to come forward, not only within the country but also across the broader region. While the issue is not formally on the agenda for this visit, the underlying concerns remain a critical aspect of the church’s current landscape.

Pope Francis’s 12-day expedition across Asia includes stops in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Singapore, reflecting a strategic shift within the Catholic Church towards strengthening its presence in Asia. This visit marks the second time a pope has visited East Timor, the first being Pope John Paul II in 1989, but it is the first since the country achieved independence.

East Timor’s strategic location between northwestern Australia and Indonesia has historically made it a focal point for both regional influence and cultural exchange. The island of Timor, half-occupied by East Timor, was a Portuguese trading hub for sandalwood since the 17th century. Four centuries of Portuguese rule significantly influenced the religious landscape, leading to the widespread adoption of Catholicism in East Timor, in contrast to its Muslim-majority neighbor, Indonesia.

Today, East Timor’s economy is heavily dependent on its oil and gas resources, yet the nation continues to grapple with high poverty rates resulting from decades of conflict. Christina Kheng, a theologian at the East Asian Pastoral Institute, commented to CNN, stating that the young nation “is still struggling with post-war unity and nation building.” The country finds itself at the crossroads of geopolitical tensions, particularly between the United States and China, with Australia playing a key role as a US ally in providing support and assistance.

The legacy of Bishop Belo, a significant figure in East Timor’s fight for independence and a Nobel Peace Prize recipient alongside President Jose Ramos-Horta, adds a complex layer to the current visit. In 2022, the Vatican revealed that Belo had been sanctioned for alleged sexual abuse of minors, including accusations from two men who claimed the bishop had raped them during their teenage years and bribed them to keep silent. The Vatican’s actions included restricting Belo’s travel and prohibiting any contact with minors or individuals in East Timor.

Despite the gravity of the allegations, Bishop Belo has not faced formal charges within East Timor and has remained silent on the matter. This situation has left many victims hesitant to come forward, partly due to the church’s integral role in the country’s independence and the government’s harsh treatment of those few who have been convicted of abuse.

Since Pope Francis assumed leadership of the Catholic Church in 2013, numerous reports have emerged detailing systemic failures, cover-ups, and decades-long patterns of sexual abuse within the church across various nations. Although the pope has faced criticism for certain decisions, such as his initial defense of a Chilean bishop implicated in a sex scandal—which he later admitted was a “grave error”—he has taken a more resolute stance on these issues over time. Reforms introduced under his leadership include holding lay leaders of Vatican-approved associations accountable for any cover-ups related to sexual abuse.

The intertwining of the Catholic Church with East Timor’s struggle for independence is deeply rooted in the nation’s history. During the brutal Indonesian occupation from 1975 to 1999, over 200,000 people, roughly a quarter of the population, lost their lives due to violence, massacres, and famine. The Catholic Church was instrumental in resisting Indonesian control, with many of its clergy and workers suffering severe repercussions for their involvement in the pro-independence movement.

International condemnation of Indonesia’s actions peaked in 1991 following the Santa Cruz massacre in Dili, where Indonesian troops killed young independence supporters. The subsequent capture and imprisonment of Timorese guerrilla leader Xanana Gusmao in 1992 further galvanized opposition to Indonesian rule. The fall of Indonesian President Suharto in 1998 and subsequent policy shifts led to a UN-sponsored referendum in 1999, where more than 78.5% of East Timor’s population voted for independence.

The aftermath of the referendum was marred by violence as pro-Indonesian militias, backed by the Indonesian military, launched a campaign of killing and looting in the capital, Dili. Churches were attacked, priests were targeted, and those supporting independence were hunted down, resulting in widespread destruction of infrastructure and displacing around 200,000 people. An international peacekeeping mission led by Australia eventually intervened, culminating in East Timor’s official independence in 2002.

Throughout this tumultuous period, the Catholic Church stood as a bastion of support for the East Timorese people, providing sanctuary and advocating for their rights, often at great personal cost to its clergy and workers. This historical alliance between the church and the nation’s fight for freedom underscores the profound significance of Pope Francis’s visit, both as a spiritual leader and a symbol of enduring resilience.

As Pope Francis continues his journey through Asia, his visit to East Timor not only celebrates the nation’s deep-rooted Catholic faith but also brings to the forefront critical issues that the church must address to maintain its moral authority and support the communities it serves. The event in Dili serves as a poignant reminder of the church’s influential role in shaping East Timor’s identity and the ongoing challenges it faces in reconciling its past with the need for transparency and justice in the present.

108 Years Apart: The Significance of September 11th (9/11)

Bellamkonda K. Kishore, M.D., Ph.D., MBA

When we hear 9/11, our mind goes through the chilling images of the twin towers on fire and collapsing in New York City on the morning of September 11, 2001, by the audacious acts of terrorists on the American soil, after hijacking commercial airliners. It was reminiscent of the unprovoked attack of Pearl Harbor on the morning on December 7, 1941, by the air force of the Imperial Japan. The motive of the Japanese behind attacking of Pearl Harbor was a gamble to weaken the US Naval fleet in Pacific region so that Japanese can get their supplies uninterrupted during the World War II. It was a shortsighted gamble with the United States for which the Imperial Japan paid heavy price.

The Significance of September 11th (911) Bellamkonda K Kishore M D Ph D MBA
Photo: Wikimedia Commons

Fast forward to September 11, 2001, by which time the economy of the USA was booming with a GDP of $10.58 trillion, which was far ahead of that of Japan ($4.375 trillion) and China ($1.339 trillion). Thus, the second and third largest economies of the world at that time were not comparable to that of the USA. That was the time when foreign terrorists targeted the financial capital of the United States with the sole intent of destroying the United States as a dominant economic power in the world. But, unlike the Imperial Japan, which gambled, the terrorists miscalculated the strength and resilience of the economic power of the United States. Bringing down a couple of towers in Manhattan did not bring the USA down on its knees. It killed 2,996 people including the hijackers and wounded a few thousands. September 11, 2001, remained as a sad day in the history of the United States.

But, was it the first time September 11 made news in America? No, exactly 108 years ago, on September 11, 1893, a Hindu monk from India made history in the Parliament of World Religions in Chicago, Illinois. On that day, Swami Vivekanand delivered his bold and eloquent speech on goodness of religions, while highlighting the problems the world was facing by misguided religious beliefs. Specifically, in his speech, he said:  The present convention, which is one of the most august assemblies ever held, is in itself a vindication, a declaration to the world of the wonderful doctrine preached in the Gita: “Whosoever comes to Me, through whatsoever form, I reach him; all men are struggling through paths which in the end lead to me.” Sectarianism, bigotry, and its horrible descen­dant, fanaticism, have long possessed this beautiful earth. They have filled the earth with vio­lence, drenched it often and often with human blood, destroyed civilization and sent whole nations to despair. Had it not been for these horrible demons, human society would be far more advanced than it is now. But their time is come; and I fervently hope that the bell that tolled this morning in honor of this convention may be the death-knell of all fanaticism, of all persecutions with the sword or with the pen, and of all uncharitable feelings between persons wending their way to the same goal.

It was a coincidence that the above words were uttered by Swami Vivekananda on the same calendar day of September 11, but 108 years before. While expressing his anguish about sectarianism, bigotry, and fanatism, he said “had it not been for these horrible demons, human society would be far more advanced than it is now.” Yet, Swami Vivekananda expressed optimism that the convention in which he spoke would open avenues for a change. However, it seems that did not happen. Despite wars, massacres, genocides, and every possible onslaught on humanity, the world changed little even today.  Peace in many parts of the world is apparently held in place by deterrence, not by willingness. We do not know for how long the world can sustain like that. Despite globalization of economy, food, commodities, transportation, industries, communications, banking, education, employment, entertainment, broadcast, etc., still there is mistrust among nations, leave along sectarianism, bigotry, and fanaticism. Physical barriers between the nations are falling down, while mental barriers are being fortified, even among apparently friendly countries. Sometimes, we do not know where we are heading for.

While the above geopolitical issues are still plaguing the word, it is heartening to see that at least in the domains of science, technology, higher education, and medicine, there is significant cooperation and understanding even among the countries, whose leaders do not get on well each other. This gives hope to many of us. But the question is why do people seem to come together willingly when it is science, technology, higher education, and medicine? Why do people bridge mental walls when they have to deal with issues related religion or ethnicity or identity? We may not find the answers to these questions. But it tells us we should work on things that bring us together and pay less attention to things that divide us or make us enemies. One way of achieving that goal is through proper education. That was why Nelson Mandela said: Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan said: Human nature is fundamentally good, and the spread of enlightenment will abolish the wrong. He further said: The end-product of education should be a free creative man, who can battle against historical circumstances and adversaries of nature. Finally, Swami Vivekananda said: Education should be man-making. Let us all work together to promote such a man-making education.

The Significance of September 11th (911) Bellamkonda K Kishore M D Ph D MBA

Author: Prof. Bellamkonda K. Kishore, M.D., Ph.D., MBA is an academician and innovator turned to entrepreneurship. He is an Adjunct Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Utah Health; Co-Founder, President, CEO & CSO of ePurines, Inc., in Salt Lake City, Utah; and a Senior Member of the National Academy of Inventors. Dr. Kishore received several academic and community awards and honors for his contributions, such as induction as a Fellow of professional bodies, citations in Marquis Who’s Who in Medicine and Healthcare and European Biographical Directory,  Nelson Mandela Leadership and Hind Rattan (Jewel of India) awards from the NRI Welfare Society of India, New Delhi. Currently, he is  Vice President of the US Chapter of the NRI Welfare Society of India, which was started with the noble objective of strengthening the emotional bonds between India and Non-Resident Indians. Dr. Kishore was also conferred Global Unity Ambassador by the Indian.Community.

Personal Website: https://www.bkkishore.online/

 

Religious Composition of Indian Emigrants Varies Significantly from National Average, Pew Study Reveals

The religious composition of Indians who emigrate shows a stark contrast to those who remain in India, according to an analysis by the Pew Research Center, based in the United States. While approximately 80% of India’s population identifies as Hindu, they account for only 41% of the country’s emigrants. This significant difference highlights a unique migration pattern among Indian religious groups.

On the other hand, Muslims, who make up about 15% of India’s population, represent 33% of those born in India but now living abroad. Christians, a smaller minority in India at just 2%, are notably overrepresented among Indian emigrants, making up 16% of those who have left the country. “Many more Muslims and Christians have left India than have moved there,” noted Stephanie Kramer, the lead researcher of the analysis. She added, “People of other, smaller religions, like Sikhs and Jains, are also disproportionately likely to have left India.”

Globally, over 280 million people, or 3.6% of the world’s population, are classified as international migrants. According to Pew Research Center’s analysis, as of 2020, Christians comprised 47% of the global migrant population, followed by Muslims at 29%, Hindus at 5%, Buddhists at 4%, and Jews at 1%. The analysis also found that 13% of global migrants are religiously unaffiliated, including atheists and agnostics.

The analysis included anyone living outside their birthplace, regardless of age or when they were born, as long as they are still alive. When it comes to India, the religious composition of people who have migrated to the country closely resembles that of India’s overall population.

Interestingly, Hindus are notably underrepresented among international migrants, accounting for just 5% of global migrants compared to their 15% share of the world population. This underrepresentation is attributed to the fact that Hindus are largely concentrated in India, with people born in India being less likely to emigrate. “This seems to be because Hindus are so concentrated in India, and people born in India are very unlikely to leave,” Ms. Kramer explained. She further noted, “More people who were born in India are living elsewhere than from any other country of origin, but these millions of emigrants represent a small fraction of India’s population.”

As of 2010, 99% of Hindus lived in Asia, mostly in India and Nepal. Researchers do not expect this percentage to decrease significantly in the future. Since the partition of India in 1947, the country has not experienced a mass migration event, and many who migrated at that time are no longer alive. “In contrast, other religious groups are more dispersed globally and face more push factors that drive emigration,” Ms. Kramer added.

This raises the question: are Hindus a global outlier when it comes to migration? According to researchers, Hindus indeed stand out compared to other religious groups. “They’re less likely to leave home than people of other faiths, and their global migration patterns mostly depend on who leaves and arrives in India, rather than a broad collection of countries like other major religions,” said Ms. Kramer.

Another interesting finding from the analysis is that Hindus have the longest average migration distance, traveling an average of 4,988 kilometers (3,100 miles). This distance is often covered when moving from India to distant countries like the United States and the United Kingdom. Researchers suggest that the lack of recent crises forcing Hindus to flee to nearby countries plays a role in this. Instead, most Hindu emigrants are economic migrants seeking better job opportunities in distant locations.

India is not the only country with an emigrant population that differs religiously from those still living in the country. The survey highlights that Hindus are overrepresented among emigrants from Bangladesh as well. While fewer than 10% of Bangladesh’s residents are Hindu, they account for 21% of those who have left the country. Conversely, Muslims make up around 90% of Bangladesh’s population but represent only 67% of its emigrants.

Similarly, in Pakistan, Hindus constitute only about 2% of the population, yet 8% of those who were born in Pakistan and now live elsewhere are Hindu. In Myanmar, Muslims make up 4% of the resident population but 36% of the emigrant population, reflecting a similar trend of religious minorities being more likely to migrate.

The Pew report provides valuable insights into the religious composition of the world’s migrants. It reveals that people often migrate to places where their religion is more prevalent, and that those from minority religious groups within their country of birth are more inclined to emigrate. “We find that people often go to places where their religion is common, and that those from minority religious groups within their country of birth are more likely to leave,” concluded Ms. Kramer.

NYC India Day Parade Sparks Controversy Over Ram Mandir Float

The India Day parade in New York City, a renowned annual event celebrating Indian democracy and the diaspora’s diversity, has become a source of controversy this year. The parade, scheduled for Sunday, August 18, is the largest of its kind outside India, typically featuring grand marshals, often Bollywood stars, leading the procession down Madison Avenue. This year, the theme is “Vasudhaiva Katumbakum,” which means “the world is one family” in Sanskrit.

Avinash Gupta, president of the parade’s organizing body, the Federation of Indian Associations (FIA), emphasized that the parade is meant to celebrate the unity and inclusiveness of India. “We celebrate our unity in diversity, and we celebrate inclusiveness—that’s our India,” Gupta stated. He further explained that the event is a tribute to all Indians, regardless of their regional, linguistic, or religious backgrounds, marking the 78th anniversary of India’s independence from British rule. It also highlights the achievements of the Indian diaspora in fields like science, technology, and politics.

Gupta, who is Hindu, celebrated India’s Independence Day on Thursday, August 15, by hoisting the Indian flag in Times Square alongside individuals of different faiths, including Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians. However, this year’s parade has drawn criticism due to a float that features an 18-foot-long statue of the Hindu deity Ram and a replica of the newly constructed Ram Mandir in Ayodhya, India. Critics argue that the float represents anti-Muslim sentiment and distorts the values of Indian culture and Hinduism.

The Ram Mandir, which opened earlier this year, was built on the site where a 16th-century mosque was demolished in 1992 by a Hindu extremist mob. The mosque’s destruction, based on claims that it was built on the birthplace of Lord Ram, led to deadly riots across India, killing over 2,000 people, primarily Muslims. After years of legal disputes, India’s Supreme Court ruled in 2019 that the temple could be constructed on the site.

While many Hindus view the temple as a long-overdue homecoming for Lord Ram and a rejection of past Islamic rule, others see it as a symbol of Hindu exclusivism, reminding them of the deep divisions it exacerbated between Hindus and Muslims. David Kalal, communications director for Hindus for Human Rights, expressed his concerns at a press conference, stating, “The inclusion of the Ram Mandir float in this year’s parade is not a celebration of cultural pride, but a glorification of both a violent history and a violent ambition.” Kalal also noted that the debates within the Indian American community have broader implications for American society, given the growing political influence of Indian Americans.

On Wednesday, August 14, various faith-based organizations, including Hindus for Human Rights, the Indian American Muslim Council, the Council on American-Islamic Relations, and the New York State Council of Churches, held a press conference outside City Hall to denounce the float and called for its removal. Over 20 groups signed a letter addressed to Mayor Eric Adams and Governor Kathy Hochul, arguing that the parade’s sponsors, the Hindu nationalist group Vishwa Hindu Parishad of America and the Hindu denomination BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha, intended to use the event to spread fear among American Muslims. Mayor Adams responded by saying, “If there is a float or a person in the parade that is promoting hate, they should not [be there].”

In contrast, the Hindu American Foundation, the largest Hindu advocacy group in the U.S., defended the float in a letter to Mayor Adams on Friday, August 16. The letter urged the mayor to “support freedom of expression” and allow the float’s inclusion, arguing that the common narratives surrounding the mosque dispute lack historical context.

Gupta noted that no city officials or law enforcement agencies had contacted the FIA to request the float’s removal. To him, the float is merely a proud tribute to the temple. “There are a lot of people here who cannot go to India to visit the temple because of their age, because they have medical conditions, or they simply cannot afford to go, so this will be a good opportunity for them to see the replica of the mandir, which was built after a 500-year wait,” Gupta explained.

While the Ram float will remain in the parade, Gupta does not want it to overshadow the entire event, which also features floats from Muslim, Sikh, and Christian Indian organizations. He hopes that non-Indians will view the parade as a celebration of the diaspora’s growing influence, which now numbers over 5.4 million people. “I feel very proud that we collect, we gather, we bring together all of the Indian diaspora, of all states, all faiths, all religions, and we march together,” Gupta said. “We all have to be united, and that way, we’ll have our voice heard.”

The Rev. Chloe Breyer of the Interfaith Center of New York, a well-established organization that collaborates with various faith groups in the city, acknowledged the complexity of the situation. She recognized “the deep ties between Hindu New Yorkers and the sacred geography of India” and affirmed the group’s right to religious freedom. However, she also noted that the float seemed less about religious freedom and more about “religious boasting,” which she believes contradicts the very values being celebrated. In a statement issued on August 12, Breyer and the Interfaith Center urged the parade organizers to be more aware of the current religious dynamics in the U.S. and abroad.

“That question of this contested site is not one that a press conference is going to solve, and it’s not one I’m going to solve,” Breyer remarked. “However, if you’re in New York City and you’re having a parade to celebrate your heritage, I would just say, know your people and know your context. Your neighbors are some Hindus and some not Hindus.”

Uma Mysorekar, president of the Hindu Temple Society of North America in Flushing, Queens, and a partner of the Interfaith Center, expressed concern that the controversy surrounding the float was casting Hindus in an intolerant light, which she believes undermines the purpose of an Independence Day parade. Describing herself as “a very religious person,” Mysorekar said she understands why many Hindu Americans take pride in the float. However, she also acknowledged that the timing of the float’s inclusion might be “adding more fuel to the fire,” given that the temple was completed less than a year ago. She believes that there are “so many other ways” to represent India’s rich and diverse culture. In private conversations, Mysorekar noted that many Hindus attending the parade share her concerns.

“Indian Independence Day has nothing to do with religion,” Mysorekar emphasized. “Independent India consists of all kinds of people, and we represent the beliefs and thoughts of everybody. … I think we must respect that and uphold India’s integrity. That’s really important.”

Pope Francis Meets Jeff Bezos in Private Audience, Discussing Climate Action and Shared Philosophies

In an unanticipated event, Pope Francis welcomed Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon and one of the wealthiest individuals globally, to Casa Santa Marta for a private audience. Bezos, whose fortune is estimated to surpass $200 billion, attended the meeting with his fiancée, Lauren Sánchez. The Vatican did not announce the visit, and it was absent from the official agenda, leading to widespread curiosity and speculation regarding the topics that were discussed.

Lauren Sánchez provided some insights into the meeting through her social media, where she expressed the couple’s profound honor at being received by the Pope. She described the encounter as deeply moving, emphasizing Pope Francis’ wisdom, warmth, and humor. Sánchez also shared photos that captured the special moment, allowing the public a glimpse into the private audience.

One of the key topics of discussion during the meeting was the urgent need for climate action, a cause that resonates deeply with both Bezos and Pope Francis. Bezos launched the Bezos Earth Fund in 2020, committing $10 billion to combating climate change. This initiative found common ground with the Pope’s environmental advocacy, a subject he has passionately championed throughout his papacy. Sánchez noted that Pope Francis expressed his appreciation for the work of the Bezos Earth Fund, which made a lasting impression on both her and Bezos.

In addition to discussing environmental concerns, the conversation between Pope Francis and the couple also delved into more personal and philosophical subjects. Sánchez recounted how they spoke about the importance of maintaining a sense of humor and not taking life too seriously. She expressed particular admiration for the Pope’s encouragement for priests to engage with poetry and literature. This practice, which Pope Francis emphasized in a letter to seminarians, was highlighted as a valuable tool for nurturing the human spirit.

While the Vatican has not disclosed details about this private meeting, the encounter between the leader of the Catholic Church and one of the most influential figures in global business suggests a convergence of interests that extend beyond their usual domains. It reflects a merging of faith, philanthropy, and a shared commitment to addressing some of the world’s most urgent challenges.

US Christian Leaders Call on State Department to Address India’s Religious Persecution

More than 300 Christian leaders in the United States, including notable denominational figures, are urging the U.S. State Department to classify India as a “Country of Particular Concern” (CPC) in light of escalating violations of religious freedoms, particularly targeting Christians.

A letter, sent earlier this month, was written in response to the growing violence and systematic persecution occurring under the Hindu nationalist government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The letter’s signatories represent a broad spectrum of church leaders from various denominations, including 18 bishops, three archbishops, and numerous clergy members from theological schools and Christian organizations.

The leaders express deep concern over the worsening persecution of religious minorities in India since Modi’s administration came to power in 2014. This letter marks the first major effort by U.S. Christian leaders to address the issue of religious persecution in India directly.

“This surge in violence is propelled by a Hindu ethno-nationalist or Hindutva supremacist political ideology, which conflates a militant Hindu ideology with Indian citizen identities,” the letter states. It goes on to say, “As a result, both the Hindu religion and India’s Constitutional secular democracy have been severely distorted, leading to alarming levels of state-sanctioned violence against Christians, lower-caste Dalits, and other religious minorities both on the streets and within state structures.”

The letter, organized by the Federation of Indian-American Christian Organizations in North America, references a petition from January 2024 signed by more than 3,000 ecumenical Christian leaders in India. This petition condemned the Indian government’s alleged state-sanctioned human rights abuses against religious minorities.

A report from the United Christian Forum is cited in the letter, highlighting a dramatic increase in attacks on Christians, from 127 incidents in 2014 to 720 in 2023. The persecution has led to the displacement of over 65,000 people in Manipur, and more than 400 churches have been destroyed or damaged as of May 2023. Another report from Chhattisgarh noted that over 2,500 Christians were forcibly displaced between December 2022 and February 2023 due to their refusal to convert to Hinduism.

The letter also draws attention to international rankings, such as those from the U.S.-based persecution watchdog International Christian Concern, which ranks India as the third-worst persecutor of Christians globally. The letter’s signatories are calling on the State Department to take specific actions, including designating India as a CPC under the International Religious Freedom Act. Countries that receive this designation face potential negative consequences, including the possibility of crippling sanctions.

In addition to calling for India’s designation as a CPC, the Christian leaders are urging the State Department to hold Indian government officials accountable for violations of religious freedoms. They are also advocating for targeted sanctions and support for independent religious and human rights organizations, both in India and the U.S.

The letter to Secretary of State Antony Blinken emphasizes that the U.S.’s silence on these issues starkly contrasts with its geopolitical alliance with India. The leaders urge the State Department not to overlook these severe violations of religious freedom.

“The Indian government has cut off funding to hundreds of Christian schools and hospitals which have educated and cared for all people regardless of caste or religion,” the letter notes. It continues, “International support is severed by draconian application of India’s Foreign Contribution Regulation Act, impacting thousands of internationally respected organizations such as Amnesty International, Compassion International, World Vision, and Mother Teresa’s Missionaries of Charity. This leaves Indian Christians isolated, fearful, and precarious.”

International human rights organizations like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have criticized the Indian government for advocating violence against minorities with impunity. The letter also references the “anti-conversion” laws enforced in at least 10 Indian states that criminalize religious conversion, leading to the arrest of thousands of Christians.

In January, the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF), a bipartisan commission that advises the federal government and Congress on international religious freedom matters, criticized the State Department for its refusal to include India and Nigeria on the CPC list. “We met with the State Department on many occasions to sound the alarm about these countries, but not all of our recommendations have been followed,” said then-USCIRF Chair Abraham Cooper and Vice Chair Frederick A. Davie in a January statement.

The State Department’s annual international religious freedom report addresses concerns about religious freedom in India. During a press conference in June to launch this year’s report, Blinken discussed the “concerning increase in anti-conversion laws, hate speech, and demolitions of homes and places of worship for members of minority faith communities” in India. The report noted that at least 10 of India’s 28 states have enacted policies that restrict “religious conversions for all faiths.”

U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom Rashad Hussain also spoke at the press conference, stating, “Christian communities reported that local police aided mobs that disrupted worship services over accusations of conversion activities or stood by while mobs attacked them and then arrested the victims on conversion charges.”

Spirituality vs. Religion: Understanding the Fundamental Differences

A wise person once described spirituality as “Religion minus Fear.” By stripping religion of fear, commandments, retribution, and concepts of hell, what remains is a more humorous and lighter essence of God—this is spirituality.

Books often suggest that spirituality is a subset of religion, while experience might suggest the opposite, with religion being a subset of spirituality. The two are not entirely distinct; they overlap significantly. Although no explanation can fully capture the essence of spirituality, explanations help initiate the journey of understanding. It’s important to remember that these explanations are imperfect, varied, and not the actual experience itself. However, they serve as a starting point for personal exploration. Like navigating through a dense forest, the goal is to reach home, not to get lost in the details. By trusting one’s inner guidance, one can avoid endless debates about different concepts and instead focus on the ultimate goal.

Religion is a structured system of beliefs and practices that evolves within different geographical and socio-cultural contexts, allowing it to adapt to external conditions. On the other hand, spirituality is an expression of one’s true self, independent of external adaptations. Religion often serves as a set of guidelines for those who need external definitions of right and wrong, who seek guidance on what to do and what to avoid. In contrast, spirituality is for those who are completely honest with themselves and attuned to their inner voice.

Religion can impose dogmatic rules aimed at maintaining societal order, while spirituality encourages individuals to reason, question, and seek to understand even the disorder. Spirituality liberates the mind, whereas religion can constrain it. Religion may invoke fear and threats of punishment for non-adherence, but spirituality is governed by the ability to reason, which brings inner peace.

Religion often speaks of sin, guilt, and the need to avoid transgressions, whereas spirituality emphasizes continuous learning, adapting to one’s environment, and understanding humanity through reason. Religion asks questions but discourages questioning itself; it often adheres strictly to customs and traditions without allowing for doubt. For example, questioning why a Muslim prays Namaaz five times a day or what would happen if Jesus hadn’t been crucified can be met with harsh criticism. Religion often focuses on identity, asking if one is proud to be part of a particular faith.

In contrast, spirituality encourages constant inquiry, understanding different perspectives, and seeking truth with objectivity and honesty. It prompts individuals to question everything, including their own thoughts, and to doubt even the doubter to discover the truth. Spirituality might ask not about pride in belonging to a particular religion, but rather about the true essence of those beliefs.

Religion is a human-made organization, bound by rules created by men, while spirituality is divine, free from human-made rules. Spirituality can take on countless forms, each unique to the individual. Religion often speaks of life after death, sin, and punishment as interpreted by scriptures, whereas spirituality seeks true independence, freedom, peace, and solace within oneself during this life.

Religion often promises glory, luxury in paradise, or the threat of hell, while spirituality teaches that our minds can create either heaven or hell in our lived experience. Religion is closely tied to the teachings of specific books, deities, and rituals, whereas spirituality seeks purity of thought across all sources of wisdom. It is itself a divine ritual that radiates knowledge, understanding, and insight into humanity’s role in the world.

Religion can lead to divisions, with different faiths often opposing each other. Islam, Christianity, and other religions can be seen as exclusive, each claiming a monopoly on truth. In contrast, spirituality is a unifying force, transcending religious boundaries. There is no such thing as “Islamic spirituality” or “Christian spirituality”; spirituality is simply about clarity of thought and understanding oneself.

Religion often functions as a community-based belief system, bringing together people with similar beliefs. Those who do not conform to these beliefs are often seen as outsiders. For instance, Islam, with its belief in a formless Allah, may see statue worshipers as enemies. Christianity, which views Jesus as the only son of God, often dismisses other prophets and their teachings. Modern Hinduism, with its emphasis on worshiping everything, may view religions focused on a single belief as incomplete. Religion thus tends to form groups, excluding those who doubt or question its teachings.

Spirituality, on the other hand, welcomes all seekers, regardless of their religion, beliefs, or methods. It even embraces atheists who exhibit humanity and kindness, recognizing their spiritual nature. While religion is based on a fixed belief system, spirituality is experiential, focusing on personal growth and liberation.

Religion is often tied to the teachings of a particular founder—Christianity to Jesus, Islam to Muhammad, Buddhism to Gautama Buddha, Jainism to the Tirthankars. However, it is crucial to remember that these founders were not followers of the religions that later developed from their teachings. Jesus was not a Christian, Muhammad was not a Muslim, Gautama was not a Buddha—they were spiritual beings whose teachings laid the foundation for religions.

Religion relies on followers and grows through adherence to its rules and doctrines. It imposes strict guidelines on how to live, what to wear, eat, and even what to think. This is how religions maintain control and expand their influence.

In contrast, spirituality is a solitary journey, not necessarily lonely, but focused on the individual’s progress toward discovering the ultimate truth. Even in a crowd, a spiritual person may feel a sense of solitude, as the journey is deeply personal. While spiritual seekers may share their experiences with others, they do so with an open mind, always ready to question and adapt as they continue their quest for understanding.

Being in love is a spiritual experience, while attraction often follows a societal protocol, culminating in marriage according to religious norms. Spirituality allows love to exist freely, without preconditions, while religion may impose conditions and expectations.

We are not merely human beings having a spiritual experience; rather, we are spiritual beings having a human experience. Religion provides a path, a method, a way to live life, but spirituality is about the realization of life’s purpose and the value of existence. Religion enables existence, while spirituality allows us to truly live. Most people, however, merely exist.

Chilkur Balaji: The Indian Temple Granting Faithful Followers a Ticket to the American Dream

In India, while some deities are believed to grant wealth or luck, one particular god is sought after for a more tangible blessing: successful visa applications, particularly to the United States. The Chilkur Balaji temple, located on the outskirts of Hyderabad, attracts more than 1,000 Hindu devotees daily, all hoping for divine intervention in their journey to a new life abroad.

Worshippers at the temple pray for permission to travel, specifically to the U.S., and often return to give thanks if their prayers are answered. Satwika Kondadasula, a 22-year-old preparing to leave for New York to pursue her master’s degree, shared her experience. “Every single member of my family who is in the US has come here,” she said. While she acknowledges her own capabilities in securing a visa, she also credits her success to the deity, Balaji. “I got the visa because of my capability of course, but I have luck of god as well,” she added. “I definitely believe coming here really helped me out.”

Balaji, an incarnation of Vishnu, a major deity in Hinduism known for maintaining cosmic order, is revered in this temple not just for his divine presence but also for his supposed influence over international travel. The temple has not always been associated with visas. Its reputation as a “visa temple” developed over time, particularly after 1984 when the temple’s elderly priest, C.S. Gopalakrishna, experienced an unusual event. While performing a ritual by walking around the temple’s sanctum 11 times, water mysteriously appeared before a shrine to the god. This event attracted attention, and soon, people began visiting the temple to pray for various wishes, including successful marriages, healthy children, and admission to prestigious Indian universities.

Over time, the temple became known for helping those seeking opportunities abroad, especially in the United States. The ritual practiced by the pilgrims involves walking around the temple’s sanctum 11 times, mimicking Gopalakrishna’s original circuit. If their prayers are fulfilled, devotees return to complete another 108 laps as a sign of gratitude. The practice is precise, with visitors chanting Balaji’s name in unison and using yellow sheets of paper marked with numbered boxes to keep track of their laps.

Despite the temple’s reputation, Gopalakrishna emphasizes that divine help is not guaranteed. “You should work hard,” he told AFP, reinforcing the idea that effort is essential alongside faith. “Balaji will help if you have blind belief in him,” he added.

India, now the world’s fifth-largest economy, continues to see a significant number of its citizens seeking better opportunities abroad, particularly in the United States. Despite India’s rapid economic growth, the allure of the American Dream remains strong. The most recent U.S. census showed a 50% increase in the Indian-origin population, reaching 4.8 million by 2020. Additionally, over a third of the nearly 1.3 million Indian students studying abroad in 2022 chose the United States as their destination.

Visa consultant Sakshi Sawhney, who assists Indians with the often complex process of obtaining travel permits to Western countries, acknowledges that “America is still the dream land.” This sentiment, she believes, is unlikely to change anytime soon. Sawhney, who once lived in the U.S. before returning to India to help others navigate the visa process, revealed that she had visited the Balaji temple herself while waiting for her own visa. Although she doesn’t explicitly advise her clients to visit the temple, many of them do so on their own initiative.

The upcoming U.S. presidential elections have brought attention to the achievements of Indian-origin Americans. Notably, the mother of Democratic vice-presidential nominee Kamala Harris was born in Chennai, India, before moving to the United States to pursue her master’s degree at Berkeley. Similarly, Usha Vance, the wife of Donald Trump’s vice-presidential pick, was born in San Diego to Indian immigrant parents with roots near the Chilkur Balaji temple.

For many, the successes of Indian-origin individuals in the U.S. serve as inspiration. “It is a great, inspiring moment. Indians are moving around the world and they are in better positions right now,” said Ajay Kumar, another devotee at the temple. Kumar, 25, recently returned to the temple to give thanks to Balaji, filled with excitement about his upcoming move to Tampa Bay, Florida, where he will work as a chef. “America is the place where all my dreams will be fulfilled,” he said.

The Chilkur Balaji temple stands as a symbol of hope for many Indians aspiring to a better life abroad. Whether it’s through hard work, faith, or a combination of both, the temple offers a unique blend of spirituality and aspiration, making it a significant cultural and religious site for those seeking new opportunities far from home.

Research Shows Divisions in the United States on the Role of Religion in Politics

(ZENIT News) A recent Pew Research Center Report reveals profound divisions between Joe Biden’s voters and Donald Trump’s regarding the role that religion should play in the government and politics of the United States. These differences reflect a significant fracture in the perception of the relationship between faith and politics in the country. Contrasting Views on Church-State Separation The Report shows that an overwhelming 86% of Biden voters believe that religion must be kept separate from governmental policy, whereas only 56% of Trump voters share this opinion. In contrast, 43% of Trump supporters opine that governmental policies should support religious values, compared with a mere 13% of Biden followers that agree with this idea.

At the general level, the majority of voters (71%) prefer that religion be kept separate from the government, with only 28% supporting the incorporation of religious values and beliefs in public policies. These numbers have change little in the last years, reflecting a stability in opinions on this topic. Bible ‘s Influence on Laws Opinions also differ considerably regarding the influence the Bible should have on American laws. The majority of Trump’s supporters (69%) believe the Bible should influence legislation, with 36% affirming that it should have “much” influence. On the other hand, 69% of Biden’s followers believe that the Bible should have little or no influence on laws, including 53% that hold it should have no influence at all. Diversity of Opinions According to Religious Affiliation The opinions also vary significantly according to religious affiliation and race. Among Trump voters, 61% of white Evangelicals believe that government policies should support religious values, compared with less than half non-Evangelical white Protestants and Catholics. In contrast, only 16% of Trump followers without religious affiliation agree with this governmental support to religion. Among Biden supporters, black Protestants are the most prone to believe that governmental policies should support religious values (39%), whereas only 7% of non-Evangelical white Protestants and a similar percentage of the non-affiliated religiously are in agreement.

Morality and Belief in God A related question is if it’s necessary to believe in God to be moral and have good values. In general, 67% of voters believe it isn’t necessary, whereas 33% think otherwise. However, among Trump voters, this opinion is more divided, with 45% believing in the necessity of faith for morality. In contrast, only 20% of Biden voters think that belief in God is essential to be moral. Impact of the 2024 Elections These divisions over religion and politics could play a crucial role in the forthcoming presidential election of 2024. The relationship between faith and government not only reflects profound ideological differences, but also how voters perceive the role of the government in the promotion of moral and religious values in American society. The Pew Research Center Report stresses the importance of understanding how religious beliefs influence public policies and how the latter can affect the electoral panorama in the United States. Thank you for reading our content. If you would like to receive ZENIT’s daily e-mail news, you can subscribe for free through this link.

(Research Shows Divisions in the United States on the Role of Religion in Politics | ZENIT – English)

Archaeologists Unearth 1,500-Year-Old Ivory Box with Christian Motifs in Southern Austria

A team of archaeologists from the University of Innsbruck made a remarkable find while excavating a church site in southern Austria. They uncovered a marble shrine containing a 1,500-year-old ivory box decorated with Christian motifs. This relic, believed to be linked to Moses receiving the Ten Commandments, is considered highly significant due to the rarity of early Christian sacred objects.

“We know of around 40 ivory boxes of this kind worldwide and, as far as I know, the last time one of these was found during excavations was around 100 years ago—the few pyxes that exist are either preserved in cathedral treasures or exhibited in museums,” explains the finder, archaeologist Gerald Grabherr.

“The pyx was presumably also seen as sacred and was treated as such because it was in contact with a relic. The archaeological and art-historical significance of the pyx cannot be denied,” emphasises Gerald Grabherr.

The intricately carved box was discovered under an altar inside a chapel located at the summit of Burgbichl, a small hill in the municipality of Irschen. The University of Innsbruck has been conducting excavations in this area, part of the Carinthian Drava Valley, since 2016.

“This is the typical depiction of the handing over of the laws to Moses on Mount Sinai, the beginning of the covenant between God and man from the Old Testament,” says Gerald Grabherr.

Towards the end of the Roman Empire, times became more uncertain, especially in the peripheral provinces of the empire, including the area that is now Austria. For this reason, from around the 4th century, the inhabitants increasingly founded settlements on hilltops that were easier to defend and left the valley floor.

Challenges and Controversies: Pope Francis Faces Schisms, Trials, and Social Issues Amidst Papal Duties

It has been thirty-six years since Monsignor Marcel Lefebvre ordained four Bishops without papal mandate, an act that led to their excommunication, lifted by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009 out of mercy. During those years, Jorge Mario Bergoglio, now Pope Francis, was pursuing studies in Germany and later served in Buenos Aires before becoming Auxiliary Bishop of the Argentine capital. Today, as the 266th Successor of Peter, Pope Francis faces decisions regarding the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Pius X, particularly an announcement from its Superior, Father Benoît de Jorna.

On June 30, 1988, Monsignor Lefebvre justified the ordination of four Auxiliary Bishops as crucial for preserving Catholic Tradition, a move Father de Jorna now seeks to expand by preparing successors. This decision anticipates backlash, with media likely to paint them as “fundamentalists,” “rebels,” or “schismatics.” According to canon law, any ordination without papal approval, similar to Monsignor Lefebvre’s, incurs automatic excommunication not just for the ordainer but also the ordained and co-consecrators.

Another challenge facing Pope Francis involves accusations from former Nuncio Carlo Maria Vigano, who faces a canonical trial for alleged schism due to his criticisms of Pope Francis and Vatican II. Vigano, dismissing the trial, views the accusations as affirming his stance against what he terms the ideological and theological issues within the Church.

Meanwhile, in Spain, the Poor Clare nuns of Belorado have declared a schism, rejecting Vatican II and Francis as Pope. They have refused to appear before the Ecclesiastical Court of Burgos, opting instead for negotiation to resolve the dispute over their convent’s ownership.

In India, the Syro-Malabar Rite has seen a significant schism over liturgical practices, despite attempts by Pope Francis to intervene and restore unity. Failure to comply with the Pope’s directives could lead to excommunication for a large segment of the Syro-Malabar Catholics.

Adding to the Pope’s challenges, businessman Raffaele Mincione’s legal dispute with the Vatican has escalated to the United Nations, potentially tarnishing the Holy See’s reputation in legal matters. Moreover, Pope Francis faced criticism for his remarks on homosexuality during a virtual event, where a Filipino student challenged him to support LGBTQIA+ rights and cease using offensive language.

Amid these trials, Pope Francis also mourns the loss of his Confessor, underscoring the personal toll amidst his papal duties. Despite these difficulties, the Pope continues to address critical issues such as the role of women in the Church, Canon Law reforms, and the global economy, as discussed in recent meetings with his advisors.

Renowned Spiritual Master, Sant Rajinder Singh Ji Maharaj, Returns to Toronto Spreading a Wave of Inspiration and Hope

Toronto, ON – After nearly a decade-long wait, world-renowned Spiritual Master, best-selling author and global humanitarian, Sant Rajinder Singh Ji Maharaj returns to Toronto, spreading joy, spiritual wisdom, and building bridges among communities. This highly anticipated event promises to be an extraordinary opportunity for residents of Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) to experience his transformative teachings firsthand.

In a world marked by divisions, stress, and daily challenges, the pursuit for inner peace and contentment has become even more compelling. Sant Rajinder Singh Ji teaches a scientifically backed method of connecting with our inner space of peace, love, and bliss through the practice of meditation.

The bliss and happiness we experience in meditation stays with us even after we come out of meditation. The experience is so powerful and deeply fulfilling that it helps us to transcend the pains and sorrows of life. No matter what happens to us in life, we have a fountain of nectar within us from which we can drink at any time.

~Sant Rajinder Singh Ji Maharaj

Event Details:

Saturday, June 29th, 4:00 PM – English Public Talk: “Meditate to Experience Spiritual Love”

Sunday, June 30th, 3:00 PM – Hindi Public Talk (with English translation)

followed by In-depth instructions for meditation

Event Location:

Delta Hotels Toronto Airport

655 Dixon Rd,

Toronto, ON M9W 1J3

Join us for an evening of spiritual upliftment and uncover a simple yet powerful meditation technique that can be practiced by individuals from all walks of life, regardless of age, cultural tradition, or gender. Don’t miss this rare opportunity to connect with a spiritual luminary and embark on a path towards self-discovery and transformation.

About Science of Spirituality:

Science of Spirituality is a global, non-profit, nondenominational organization dedicated to transforming lives through meditation. With over 3,200 centers in 50 countries, Science of Spirituality has helped millions of people worldwide find peace within themselves.

About Sant Rajinder Singh Ji Maharaj:

As head of Science of Spirituality, Sant Rajinder Singh Ji travels the globe, teaching people how they can uncover the treasures of spirituality within themselves with a practical technique of meditation for serenity and joy. He emphasizes that building a peaceful world begins with the first foundation stone—ourselves. We must find peace within ourselves before contributing to outer peace.

His tireless efforts have been recognized at the state, national, and global levels. He has received numerous awards and accolades in the spheres of spirituality, peace, and education. These include Honorary Doctorate Degrees from five prestigious universities. He is a bestselling author whose many books and publications have been translated into fifty-six languages. Some of the notable books include:

For more information about Sant Rajinder Singh Ji, his Toronto Tour, or Science of Spirituality:[email protected], https://www.sos.org/tour/toronto-tour-2024 or call, +1 (647) 430 3335

Extreme Heat Claims Hundreds of Lives During Hajj Pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia

Hundreds of people have died during the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, mainly due to extreme heat as temperatures soared above 51°C (123°F).

According to AFP news agency, an Arab diplomat stated that 658 Egyptians had died. Indonesia reported over 200 deaths among its nationals, while India confirmed 98 deaths. Pakistan, Malaysia, Jordan, Iran, Senegal, Sudan, and Iraq’s autonomous Kurdistan region also reported fatalities. The US believes some Americans were among the dead, as reported by the Wall Street Journal. Friends and relatives have been frantically searching for missing persons in hospitals and posting messages online.

The number of deaths has caused significant fallout. On Saturday, Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly revoked the licenses of 16 tourism companies and referred their managers to prosecutors for facilitating illegal pilgrimages to Mecca. Jordan detained several travel agents on Friday for enabling unofficial travel to Mecca. Tunisian President Kais Saied dismissed the minister of religious affairs after local media reported the deaths of 49 Tunisians, many of whom were unregistered pilgrims.

Hajj is the annual pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca that Muslims are required to undertake at least once in their lifetime if they are financially and physically able. This year, approximately 1.8 million people participated, according to Saudi Arabia. Over half of the deceased were unregistered pilgrims who joined the Hajj through irregular channels, leaving them without access to cooling facilities like air-conditioned tents and buses, AFP reports.

Despite increased safety measures by Saudi Arabia in recent years, the country faces criticism for not doing enough, particularly for unregistered pilgrims. It has not yet publicly commented on the deaths. However, AFP quoted a senior Saudi official saying that 577 people had died on the two busiest days of Hajj alone – Saturday, when pilgrims prayed in the sun on Mount Arafat, and Sunday during the “stoning of the devil” ritual in Mina. “This happened amid difficult weather conditions and a very harsh temperature,” the official said.

Here are some factors contributing to the deaths:

Extreme Heat

Unprecedented heatwaves in Saudi Arabia are believed to be a major factor behind the high death toll. Despite warnings from the Saudi Health Ministry to avoid heat exposure and stay hydrated, many pilgrims succumbed to heat stress and heatstroke. A Nigerian pilgrim, Aisha Idris, told BBC World Service’s Newsday, “It’s only by God’s mercy that I survived, because it was incredibly hot. I had to use an umbrella and constantly douse myself with Zamzam water (holy water).” Another pilgrim, Naim, reportedly died from heatstroke, leaving her family searching for answers. “Communication with my mother was suddenly cut off. We spent days searching, only to learn she had passed away during Hajj,” her son told BBC News Arabic, adding they would honor her wish to be buried in Mecca.

Pilgrims face risks due to the unfamiliar heat, strenuous physical activity, and vast open spaces. Many are also elderly or unwell. Heat-related deaths during Hajj have been recorded since the 1400s. Scientists warn that global warming could make conditions worse. “The Hajj has operated in a hot climate for over a millennium, but the climate crisis is exacerbating these conditions,” Carl-Friedrich Schleussner of Climate Analytics told Reuters news agency. His research suggests that with a 1.5°C rise in global temperatures above pre-industrial levels, the risk of heatstroke during Hajj could increase up to five times.

Overcrowding and Sanitation Issues

According to several accounts, mismanagement by Saudi authorities exacerbated the extreme conditions, leading to a crisis in many areas designated for pilgrims. They report poorly managed accommodation and facilities, with overcrowded tents lacking adequate cooling and sanitation. Amina (not her real name), a 38-year-old from Islamabad, said, “There were no air conditioners in our tents in the heat of Mecca. The coolers that were installed did not have water most of the time. There was so much suffocation in these tents that we were dripping with sweat and it was a dreadful experience.” Fauziah, a pilgrim from Jakarta, agreed, saying, “Many fainted due to overcrowding and overheating in the tents.” She acknowledged the need for improvements but believed, “this is the best organization of the Hajj so far.”

However, the Saudi Health Minister highlighted the resources allocated to ensure pilgrim well-being. A government statement said these included 189 hospitals, health centers, and mobile clinics with a combined capacity of more than 6,500 beds, and over 40,000 medical, technical, administrative staff, and volunteers.

Transportation

Pilgrims were often required to walk long distances in the intense heat, with some blaming roadblocks and poor management. Muhammad Acha, a Hajj organizer for a private group, noted that during the summer, a typical pilgrim might have to walk at least 15 kilometers per day, exposing them to heatstroke, fatigue, and a lack of available water. “This is my 18th Hajj, and in my experience, the Saudi controllers are not facilitators. They control, but they don’t help,” he said. “In earlier years, the U-turns to access the tents were open, but now all those routes have been closed. As a result, an ordinary pilgrim, even if staying in a Category A tent in Zone I, has to walk 2.5 kilometers in the summer heat to reach their tent,” he explained. “If there is an emergency on this route, no one will reach you for 30 minutes. There are no arrangements to save lives, nor are there water points along these paths,” Acha added.

Undocumented Pilgrims

To perform Hajj, a pilgrim must apply for a special Hajj visa. However, some individuals try to go on the five-day pilgrimage without the proper documentation, despite Saudi officials’ attempts to crack down. Pilgrims without proper documentation often avoid authorities, even when they need help. This issue of “unofficial Hajj” is believed to contribute to the excess deaths, and authorities have blamed them for some of the overcrowding in tents. “We suspect those using non-Hajj visas have infiltrated the Hajj areas,” said Mustolih Siradj, chairman of Indonesia’s National Hajj and Umrah Commission (Komnas Haji). Saad Al-Qurashi, an adviser to the National Committee for Hajj and Umrah, told the BBC, “Anyone who does not have a Hajj visa will not be tolerated and must return to [their] country.” He noted that irregular pilgrims are identified using Nusuk cards, which are given to official pilgrims and contain a barcode for entry to holy sites.

Elderly, Infirm, or Sick Pilgrims

Many pilgrims go towards the end of their life after saving for a lifetime. Some Muslims hope to die and be buried in the holy city, considering it a blessing. When a pilgrim dies during Hajj, the death is reported to the Hajj Mission. Wristbands or neck IDs confirm the identity. A doctor’s certificate and a death certificate from Saudi Arabia are then issued. Funeral prayers are held at important mosques like Masjid al-Haram in Mecca or the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina. The body is washed, wrapped, and moved in freezers provided by the Saudi government, which covers all costs. Burials are simple, without markers, and sometimes include multiple bodies in one place. The cemetery book lists who is buried where, allowing families to visit graves if they wish. The Saudi government, with help from various groups and the Red Crescent, ensures “dignified and respectful burial processes.”

Record Heat Challenges Hajj Pilgrims: Over 500 Deaths Reported Amidst Unprecedented Temperatures

The Hajj, an obligatory pilgrimage for able Muslims, demands significant physical and spiritual commitment. This year’s pilgrimage saw temperatures in Mecca exceeding 115 degrees Fahrenheit, causing many to collapse and resulting in numerous deaths due to heat exhaustion.

The Hajj follows the lunar calendar, which means its timing varies each year. Despite this, a study indicates that Saudi Arabia is warming faster than other regions in the Northern Hemisphere. Ather Hussain, a British imam and Hajj guide with Bilal Tours, noted the unprecedented struggle among pilgrims due to the extreme heat. “It’s just really, really hard. I’ve never seen so many people struggle collectively at the same time, but at the same time, I saw people doing whatever they could to help,” Hussain told NPR from Saudi Arabia this week.

This year, over 1.8 million Muslims from around the globe participated in the Hajj, which concluded on Wednesday. The pilgrimage spans about five days but often involves weeks of travel, significant walking, physical exertion, and intense prayer.

Saudi Hajj authorities advised pilgrims to stay hydrated and avoid outdoor activities during peak heat hours. They also emphasized that walking to Mecca’s Grand Mosque, which houses Islam’s holiest site, the Kaaba, was not necessary for every prayer.

While the exact death toll remains unclear, a leaked hospital list revealed 550 deceased pilgrims, suggesting a severe impact of the scorching temperatures. Saudi Arabia, which offers free healthcare to pilgrims, reported nearly 3,000 heat-related treatments during the Hajj.

Among those affected was Taha Assayid, a 40-year-old Egyptian. He was hospitalized after spending hours in the sun trying to enter the mosque where Prophet Muhammad is believed to have delivered his final sermon. “I am a young man and was hospitalized, so just imagine what it was like for people in their 60s and over 70-years-old,” Assayid remarked.

Pilgrims often push themselves beyond necessary limits, having saved up their entire lives for this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. However, moderation is a key aspect of faith and the Hajj. Hussain, who led a group of about 140 pilgrims this year, advised older participants to delegate some rituals to others. “That education … is definitely something we need to do more. We need to explain to our people that, ‘look, you don’t need to go to extreme circumstances,'” he said. Yet, the extreme heat affected everyone. “Even the locals, you know, it hit them as well. And if the locals are telling you that the Mecca is hot, then you know it’s hot,” Hussain added.

Despite the heat, moments of reflection and inner peace were found in prayers at the Kaaba and on the Day of Arafat. Hosting the Hajj is a prestigious duty for Saudi Arabia, which has faced criticism for past mishaps but has taken measures to prevent such accidents since a deadly stampede in 2015.

The increasing temperatures present ongoing challenges. A study published in the Journal of Travel Medicine by the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre noted that during a hot summer in 1987, around 1,000 pilgrims died. Since then, Mecca’s temperatures have risen faster than other parts of the world.

To combat the heat, the Saudi government has planted more trees around Hajj sites, used heat-reflective pavement, and provided volunteers to distribute water, juice, and umbrellas. Pilgrims also walk under misting systems to stay cool. Egyptian pilgrim Ibrahim Omran, who has visited Mecca over 20 times, stated this was the hottest year he had experienced. He noted that many Egyptians walked everywhere and lacked hotel accommodations because they were on tourist visas instead of proper Hajj visas, a result of Egypt’s economic difficulties and inflated Hajj prices.

Omran emphasized the spiritual pull of Mecca but recognized the importance of safety. “I am not going to take risks and kill myself to perform the Hajj. I will do it legally and find the best official way to reach Saudi Arabia so I can find health care, and not expose myself to misery and suffering,” he said.

The Hajj is an expensive, physically taxing, and exhausting endeavor. However, for many, standing shoulder-to-shoulder with people from around the world, dressed in simple white robes, and engaging in prayer and repentance is an unparalleled experience. “I saw adversity, but I also saw the best of humanity,” Hussain reflected. “And I think that is the message of the Hajj: Help one another.”

New York United Church of Christ Condemns Religious Violence in India, Urges Sanctions and Global Solidarity

At its meeting on June 1, 2024, in Binghampton, NY, the New York Conference of the United Church of Christ (UCCNY) unanimously adopted a resolution condemning the violence against religious minorities in India, including Christians and Muslims. This marks the first such resolution by any UCC denomination, coming soon after a similar resolution by the United Methodist General Conference in April 2024.

The resolution begins by highlighting the dire situation in Manipur, where over 40,000 people have been displaced, 250 churches and 1,700 homes destroyed, and 120 people killed due to Hindu nationalist policies endorsed by India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Rev. Dr. Marsha Williams, Conference Minister and Ecumenical Officer, emphasized the importance of addressing the root causes of this suffering, stating, “We want to publicly care for Christians and not only Christians, but other religious minorities who are suffering, and look at the root causes of that suffering in the Indian subcontinent. That should matter to every congregation in New York and around the nation.”

In a show of solidarity, the UCCNY resolved to support organizations like the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA (NCC), Federation of Indian American Christian Organizations of North America (FIACONA), Religions for Peace USA, Ecumenical Partners in Outreach, and the United Methodist General Conference. Williams further explained, “This is a call to draw the circle wide. It is our business to care about what happens around the globe and not just close to home. We need to take God out of the box. God is doing far more than what we’re imagining.”

The resolution specifically distinguishes between mainstream Hinduism and Hindutva, the latter being a form of Hindu nationalism which it addresses. It calls for India to be designated as a “country of particular concern” (CPC) due to its systematic, ongoing, and severe violations of religious freedom, as defined by the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA). Additionally, it condemns the continuous violations of religious freedoms and advocates for the human rights of all religious communities in India.

Further actions outlined in the resolution include urging U.S. representatives and the Biden administration to impose targeted sanctions on Indian government agencies and officials responsible for severe violations of religious freedom, including freezing their assets. The resolution also encourages UCCNY church members to contact their Congressional representatives to bring these violations to the attention of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, the Department of State, and the wider society.

Rev. Martha Koenig Stone, speaking on behalf of the UCC’s Commission On Ecumenical and Interfaith Relations, emphasized the necessity of international pressure to effect policy changes that harm vulnerable populations in India. She stated, “It is time to apply international pressure to demand a change in policies that demonize and target vulnerable people in India because we are in relationship with them. Just as we cannot stand for continued violence against Palestinians and reject any form of violence against Jews and Muslims, we must speak alongside others who are speaking for those who are oppressed. That conviction to address unjust policies is at the heart of our Christian faith because we care for the whole planet.”

Rev. Neal Christie, Executive Director of FIACONA, praised the UCC for its stance. “The UCC has taken a courageous step in raising awareness about the harm done by Hindu nationalist ideologies and policies in the U.S. and in India. The UCC has said that religion should not be weaponized. We stand with them in holding members of the U.S. Congress and the Biden Administration accountable for their role in allowing systemic harm to people simply because of the God they worship and the communities they belong to,” Christie said.

Rev. Prabhu Sigamani of the Farmingville UCC and director for the NY Conference, commented on the broader implications of the resolution. “The prosperity of a nation is determined by the well-being of all people, irrespective of religion, caste, creed, gender, and socio-economic status,” Sigamani stated. He added, “A nation can pride itself when its weakest community members are safe and secure, thereby experiencing liberty to the fullest extent without the fear of persecution. The fundamentals of all religions teach us love and forgiveness. Now can be the time for healing. I am urging the leaders to take action to stop the violence. As our prayers are ascending for your safety and peace, we believe that the blessings of Jesus Christ will descend so that there is peace and harmony.”

This resolution from the UCCNY highlights the critical need for global attention to religious freedom violations and the necessity of concerted international efforts to support oppressed religious minorities in India. Through its solidarity with various organizations and its call for political action, the UCCNY aims to foster a more just and peaceful world, reflecting the core values of their faith.

Modi’s Meeting with Pope Francis Sparks Hope and Controversy in India: Calls for Official Papal Invitation Amidst Religious Tensions

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, newly re-elected for a third consecutive term, shared through his official channels that he had met Pope Francis on the sidelines of the G7 Summit. Modi expressed his admiration for the Pope’s dedication to serving people and improving the world. Modi also extended an invitation to the Pope to visit India. This renewed meeting, following their initial encounter at the Vatican in 2021, has been widely covered by Indian media, resonating strongly with public opinion in India.

Indian news outlets extensively reported on Pope Francis’ speech at the G7 Summit, where he urged democratic and developed nations to prioritize human dignity in the development and application of artificial intelligence. This issue is particularly relevant for India as it navigates the challenges of technological advancement.

The renewed meeting between Pope Francis and Modi elicited mixed reactions. India’s Catholic community expressed optimism, hoping that the encounter would increase the likelihood of a papal visit to India and positively impact relations between India and the Holy See.

Conversely, some Hindu politicians from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Modi’s party, were displeased with the meeting, criticizing Modi for shaking hands and even embracing the head of the Catholic Church. Eleven Indian states, predominantly governed by the BJP, have implemented “anti-conversion laws.” These laws require judicial scrutiny for religious conversions and restrict freedom of conscience, primarily targeting Christian proselytism activities.

Opposition politicians also questioned Modi’s sincerity in meeting the Pope, pointing out his recent use of religious rhetoric to appeal to voters by portraying himself as a “messenger of God.” They expressed skepticism about Modi’s genuine intentions.

Father Cedric Prakash, an Indian Jesuit, commented on the situation, urging people to look beyond appearances and assess Modi’s actions. “We must understand and prove with facts that this is not the embrace of a hypocrite. Modi and his party have made the Muslim-Christian minorities in India suffer during these years of government. It must be proven with concrete political actions that the government respects the Constitution and the principles of citizenship for citizens of all religious beliefs,” said Prakash.

Father Prakash further emphasized the importance of a formal invitation to the Pope. He noted that while Modi’s verbal invitation is appreciated, it must be transformed into an official invitation from the Indian government to the Holy See. He recalled that an official invitation was expected in 2021 but was not formalized. Prakash highlighted the potential benefits of a papal visit, stating, “If the Pope comes to India, he will surely be able to highlight the plight of the poor, the weakest and suffering, the fishermen and farmers, the indigenous peoples: his presence among us would be a blessing. We therefore urge Prime Minister Modi to take concrete and real steps now to invite Pope Francis.”

Modi’s recent meeting with Pope Francis has sparked significant discussion and debate in India. The Pope’s message at the G7 Summit, emphasizing the importance of human dignity in the realm of artificial intelligence, has been well-received in Indian media. The Pope’s advocacy for ethical considerations in technological development aligns with global concerns, including those in India, about the implications of artificial intelligence on society.

The encounter has generated hope within India’s Catholic community, who view it as a step towards strengthening ties between India and the Vatican. They are hopeful that a papal visit could become a reality, enhancing the relationship and fostering a spirit of inclusivity and respect for all religious communities in India.

However, the meeting has also highlighted the ongoing tensions within India’s political landscape. The criticism from some BJP politicians reflects the broader issues surrounding religious freedom and the treatment of minority communities in India. The “anti-conversion laws” in several BJP-governed states are a point of contention, seen by many as measures that infringe on religious freedom and target Christian communities.

The skepticism from opposition politicians regarding Modi’s intentions underscores the complexities of Indian politics, where religion and political strategy often intersect. Modi’s portrayal of himself as a religious figure during elections raises questions about the authenticity of his outreach to religious leaders like Pope Francis.

Father Cedric Prakash’s call for concrete actions and a formal invitation to the Pope underscores the need for genuine efforts to improve interfaith relations and uphold constitutional values. His emphasis on the potential positive impact of a papal visit highlights the broader significance of such an event for India’s diverse population.

The meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Pope Francis has brought to the forefront various issues related to religious freedom, political strategy, and interfaith relations in India. While it has generated hope within the Catholic community, it has also exposed the underlying tensions and skepticism within the broader political and religious landscape. The call for a formal invitation to the Pope and concrete actions to support minority communities reflects the ongoing challenges and opportunities for fostering a more inclusive and respectful society in India.

Pope Francis to Hold Key Meetings with Global Leaders at G-7 Summit

Pope Francis is scheduled to meet with leaders from the United States, Ukraine, France, and India during the Group of 7 (G-7) summit in Italy’s Borgo Egnazia, as confirmed by the Vatican on Thursday. This marks the first time a Pope will participate in G-7 discussions, reflecting his engagement with global issues including the implications of artificial intelligence, which he has previously cautioned against.

In a statement outlining his agenda for the summit, the Vatican disclosed that Pope Francis will engage in individual discussions with several world leaders and key figures. According to the Vatican’s announcement, “Francis will have a bilateral meeting with U.S. President Joe Biden, a fellow Catholic,” underscoring the significance of their shared faith and their potentially influential dialogue. Additionally, he is scheduled to meet privately with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, French President Emmanuel Macron, and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

The Vatican’s statement further outlined Pope Francis’s extensive schedule, which includes meetings with a diverse array of global leaders. Among those scheduled are Brazilian former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Kenyan Deputy President William Ruto, Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, and Kristalina Georgieva, the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

This initiative highlights Pope Francis’s proactive approach in engaging with international leaders to discuss pressing global issues, particularly focusing on the impact of technological advancements such as artificial intelligence. His participation in the G-7 summit underscores the Vatican’s commitment to contributing to discussions on matters crucial to global governance and societal well-being.

“Transforming Lives” Tour of Salt and Light of the World Reaches Chicago, IL

The Transforming Lives Tour, organized by Salt and Light of the World, made its impactful journey to Chicago following a highly successful program in New York. This inspiring event, held in association with Wheatland Salem Gujarati Service and Emmanuel United Methodist Church Evanston (EUMC), brought together diverse communities for an evening of spiritual rejuvenation and praise.

Dr. Sam George, the Director of the Global Diaspora Institute at Wheaton College, served as the key speaker for the event. His sermon was both encouraging and uplifting, leaving attendees spiritually enriched and motivated.

Rev. Zaki L. Zaki, pastor of the host churches Wheatland Salem Church and Wheatland Salem Gujarati Church, along with Rev. Scott Christy from EUMC, collaborated closely with the Salt and Light of the World organization to ensure the event’s success. Their leadership and dedication were instrumental in bringing this transformative experience to Chicago.

The program was expertly hosted by Irene Christian, who served as the master of ceremonies, guiding the audience through a memorable evening of faith and fellowship.

The evening featured soul-stirring musical performances by choirs from various churches, including the Gujarati Christian Church of Chicago, Calvary Indian Church Youth Choir of Chicago, Jai Masihi Ki Pakistani Church of Algonquin, EUMC, and Community Presbyterian Church of Mount Prospect. Each choir’s harmonious renditions added a profound dimension to the worship experience.

Salt and Light of the World, an organization committed to spreading the teachings of Christ and uplifting communities, clearly articulates its vision and mission on its website: “We aim to be the salt of the earth and the light of the world, enriching lives with the message of Christ and illuminating paths with hope and love.”

Willy Robinson, Founder and Director of Salt and Light of the World, shared a powerful vision and emphasized the organization’s mission. He encouraged everyone to be the salt that adds flavor to the world and the light that dispels darkness, fostering a community rooted in faith and compassion.

In a particularly moving moment, Mr. Robinson highlighted the inspiring story of Brother Arpan Emmanuel, a keyboard player from India, whose life was profoundly influenced by listening to the songs of renowned gospel singer Thomas Puthoor. Mr. Puthoor, known for his ministry through music for over 33 years, has performed globally in multiple languages, bringing God’s message to diverse audiences.

As the evening drew to a close, attendees left with a renewed sense of purpose and spiritual vitality. The success of this event in Chicago is a testament to the power of faith, community, and the unwavering commitment of Salt and Light of the World to transform lives.

Salt and Light of the World extends heartfelt thanks to everyone who worked, prayed, and participated in this event. The organization looks forward to continuing its mission and sharing the light of Christ through future programs.

The Transforming Lives Tour has been a testament to the power of community and faith, with each stop bringing people closer to their spiritual goals. The tour will continue its journey, with the next stops scheduled in Brampton, Canada; Kathmandu, Nepal; and Ahmedabad, India.

Spiritual Leader Rajinder Singh To Host Community Event In New Jersey, Canada

Internationally recognized spiritual leader and best-selling author, Rajinder Singh will host an event in New Brunswick, New Jersey on July.5 and July.6.

On July.5 at 7 pm, he will present a talk in English entitled “Peace and Joy Await You Within” with Spanish translation. On July.6, at 3 pm, Singh will give a spiritual discourse in Hindi with English and Spanish translations. The program will take place at the Hyatt Regency New Brunswick Hotel. His talks will include detailed meditation instructions. Both programs are free and open to the public.

The spiritual leader will offer key insights and techniques as highlighted in his books: the Amazon bestsellers Detox the Mind, Inner and Outer Peace through Meditation, and Empowering Your Soul through Meditation, among others. He will demonstrate how this practice of inner awakening can enrich our lives physically, emotionally, and spiritually, providing a framework for peace and happiness to impact not only our own lives but also those of our families, colleagues, communities, and beyond.

As the head of Science of Spirituality, a global spiritual organization dedicated to transforming lives through meditation, Singh travels the globe, teaching people how they can uncover the treasures of spirituality within themselves with a practical method of meditation. He emphasizes that building a peaceful world begins with the first foundation stone — ourselves.

Singh’s contributions to world peace span decades, and he has been honored by many institutions for his efforts to bring people of all nations, cultures, and traditions together.

He has been a featured speaker on many occasions, including the Millennium World Peace Summit and the 50th Anniversary of the United Nations, where he led an audience of thousands in meditation at the Cathedral of St John the Divine. Additionally, he has served as a keynote speaker at the United Nations, delivering a talk on “Building Bridges through Meditation”.

He will offer key insights and techniques on finding peace and joy as highlighted in his books. Singh’s Global Meditation in Place programs, simulcast weekly throughout the world, started during the pandemic and continue to enhance the lives of tens of thousands.

Varanasi: Back to the Future of India

If the people of India were asked about their preferred tryst with destiny, what would they say? Hoping to find an uninterrupted connection with ancient India, I arrived in Varanasi last spring and discovered so much more. In the 2nd century BCE Varanasi (and neighboring Sarnath), the capital city of the ancient kingdom of Kashi, attracted and cultivated faith pluralism, multi-disciplinary and open discourse, commerce, and trade rivaling that of a modern metropolis anywhere in the world today. Three hundred years before Pericles and Athenian democracy, ancient Varanasi on the banks of the Ganges, surrounded by quiet woodland where deer and peacocks roamed wild, served as the beacon of enlightenment.

Sarnath was embraced by Siddhartha Gautama, and it is where he delivered his first sermon in 6th century BCE. Though weathered by time and disrepair, the Varanasi I witnessed was still scintillating as a microcosm of today’s India and breathtaking in divine inspiration.

A city of temples, enchanted ghats, brightly painted wooden boats plying the sacred Ganges, seven priests lifting in unison fairy lights to Ganga Aarti every day at dawn and at dusk. Yet, all coexisting seamlessly with numerous mosques, churches, and Buddhist temples built by Japan, Thailand, Tibet, and other Buddhist nations. A people living a heightened spirituality among mundane domesticity, the city offers a temple for Mother India that was commissioned by Mahatma Gandhi.

Varanasi’s distinct neighborhoods are mapped according to the diverse heritage of congregants from each Indian State from Bengal to Gujarat to Telangana to Punjab.

Varanasi symbolizes a multi-faith nation thriving in unison and a Hindu way of life that is unadulterated and yet perfectly adept at modernizing. Not included among India’s economic hub cities, Varanasi, the de facto heartland, remains untouched by the hyper-paced modernization that is underway in other parts of India. Unknown to Varanasi is the identity crisis afflicting India’s large cities and their conflict with Westernization.

During my visit to Varanasi, I indulged in conversations that stoked my imagination of what is possible in India’s future. Heartened by the sophisticated and global perspective of those that I met, I came away with an understanding of the average Varanasi resident’s aspirations, which is gainful employment and a modest standard of living in their hometown. This should be the nominal expectation of a free people, but it stands in stark contrast with the heightened expectations of the globetrotting Indian diaspora.

Disconnected from the day-to-day travails of India’s multitude, the diaspora’s shared discourse is India’s preeminence as a global power, while overlooking the investments and market reforms necessary to achieve that. What then, does a road map to prosperity look like that matches the expectations of the people I interacted with in Varanasi?

First, simulating the export-driven Chinese growth narrative of the last thirty years that plowed its profits into domestic mega infrastructure projects and mercantilism abroad is not the best fit for India. Inspired by their tradition, but modern in execution, the average Indian appears to prefer economic growth that is local rather than a nationwide scale up.

Indeed, some Varanasi residents were vexed by the clean-up campaign and the construction of an expressway connecting their airport to the city’s hotel district, which showcased the city to the recent G20 summiteer. Creating few local jobs, the project primarily benefited politically connected out-of-state contractors.

Second, despite the strides made in lifting 500 million poor into a burgeoning middle class and some in the middle class into stratospheric wealth, prosperity remains inaccessible to the vast swath of Indians. This was palpable in Varanasi during my visit. Additionally, key economic indicators reported in 2023, both by the Indian government and by the World Bank, point to the disparities as well as the challenges that lie ahead. The country simply has not produced enough jobs in order for a large cross section of its population to be gainfully employed.

On the other hand, India’s economy has the potential to benefit from a significant “demographic dividend” – the average age of the population being only 25 years. Thus, government policies that impede private sector job growth may stand in the way of realizing this benefit.

Currently only about half of India’s population is employed, which is at a lower percentage than the global labor force participation rate at 65% and a Chinese rate of 76%. Additionally, India’s 10% unemployment rate accounting for those that are in the workforce is significantly higher than most developing countries. To wit, India’s 2023 GDP at $3.7 trillion, the fifth largest in the world, is no reason for celebration, as India also has a population of 1.4 billion, the world’s largest.

Third, propelling the economy at the 9-11% rate experienced by China for three decades will require bolder market reform. Perhaps what is needed is a second phase of the ambitious reforms undertaken by the Indian government in the 1990s and early 2000s, which dramatically expanded the private markets and made modern India possible. Today, there is an uptick in foreign investments into India as global investors flee China’s geopolitical risk; however, the same investors have diversified their relocation to multiple smaller countries instead of just choosing India.

India is unable to prevail in this competition despite its significant domestic market, a growing skilled workforce, and the largest working age population. Nevertheless, the current flux in the global supply chain is an opportunity for India, provided that priority is given to local economies such as Varanasi (not just a few big cities) and small business growth (rather than a few large monopolies), both of which are the economic lifeline for a majority of Indians.

Visiting Varanasi, I have two takeaways. The infectious hopefulness of the people despite the day-to-day difficulties they face and the entrepreneurial spirit of the youth who are not willing to limit their dreams to the legacy of the previous generation. This, in and of itself, builds a nation that has long envisioned.

Its tryst with destiny. Yet, despite the gift of a magnificent heritage, India’s potential has failed to materialize in parity with the enlightenment of its past. But then again, the India of tomorrow is still unfolding and that is something to look forward to.

(Sue (Sutapa) Ghosh Stricklett is an Indian American attorney. She practices national security law and defense technology trade at her Washington, DC law practice. She was appointed by President Donald Trump to serve as USAID Assistant Administrator, Asia. Her family has deep roots in Kolkata and in Murshidabad, West Bengal, which she has traced to the sixteenth century.)

Key Voters in 2024: How American Catholics Could Decide the Presidential Election

As the 2024 presidential election looms, predictions suggest a tight race, positioning American Catholics as potential key voters. Catholics represent a significant voting bloc, almost evenly split between Republicans and Democrats, with white Catholics leaning Republican and Hispanic Catholics favoring Democrats. Their substantial presence in pivotal battleground states such as Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Nevada amplifies their influence on the election outcome.

This demographic makeup renders Catholics a reliable barometer for electoral success, as they historically tend to vote for the winning candidate. Capturing the Catholic vote is often synonymous with securing the presidency.

Historically, Catholics were steadfast members of the Democratic coalition. This trend began in 1928 when New York Governor Al Smith, the first Catholic presidential candidate, was smeared with anti-Catholic propaganda by Protestant and Republican operatives, pushing Catholics towards the Democratic Party. Catholics subsequently supported Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal policies, deviating only to reelect Dwight Eisenhower for his second term in 1956. They resumed their Democratic allegiance by voting for John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson in 1960 and 1964, respectively.

Richard Nixon was the first to recognize an opportunity for Republicans to court Catholic voters. By 1968, many white Catholics had ascended to the middle class and moved to the suburbs, facing higher taxes and expressing opposition to affirmative action and school busing for integration. Ronald Reagan solidified this bond by adopting a pro-life stance in 1980, appealing to both Catholics and evangelical Christians.

In contemporary politics, Donald Trump taps into the same nativist sentiments that once targeted Catholic immigrants in the early 20th century. This appeal to many white Catholics reflects a disconnect from the discrimination faced by their forebears. Many working-class white Catholics in the Rust Belt, disillusioned by factory closures, feel abandoned by the Democrats.

Catholic bishops have largely aligned with the Republican Party, prioritizing the abortion issue. Despite Trump’s inconsistent stance on abortion, he appointed Supreme Court justices who overturned Roe v. Wade, a significant move for pro-life advocates. However, on issues like healthcare, immigration, environmental protection, and aid for the poor, bishops have criticized Republican policies and endorsed Democratic initiatives.

The bishops’ election-year document, “Faithful Citizenship,” underscores this dichotomy. It strongly emphasizes pro-life values while also advocating for the poor, though it has not been updated to reflect Pope Francis’ focus on global warming and environmental issues.

Unlike some prominent evangelical leaders, Catholic bishops refrain from endorsing candidates or parties. “You would never see a group of Catholic bishops praying over the president in the Oval Office.” According to the Pew Research Center, Catholics are less likely than other denominations to hear political messages from the pulpit. While some rogue bishops and priests garner media attention, most prefer to steer clear of political entanglements.

The reality is that few Catholics are swayed by the bishops’ pronouncements, even on abortion. Most laypeople have already formed their opinions. Political parties now bypass the bishops, targeting Catholics directly through political action groups supporting their candidates.

With the election expected to be as close as predicted, Catholics in swing states could be the decisive factor. Neither party can claim dominance over these voters, and a small shift in their support could determine the election’s outcome.

Several critical questions arise: Will anger and frustration push Catholics towards Trump, or will his authoritarian tendencies deter them? Will concerns about inflation and the economy drive their votes, or will they prefer stability with ongoing progress? Will they attribute current problems to the president or the “do nothing” Congress?

As the election approaches, the potential influence of Catholic voters remains a pivotal factor. Their historical voting patterns and evolving political alignments underscore their significance in a closely contested race. Both parties will need to carefully consider their appeals to this crucial demographic, recognizing the complex and varied concerns that drive Catholic voters.

For most of India’s Hindus, religious and national identities are closely linked

A bar chart showing that Hindus in India say being Hindu, speaking Hindi very important to being ‘truly’ Indian

At least since the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) electoral victories in 2014, the term “Hindu nationalism” has been frequently invoked in both Indian and Western media, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his ruling party often described as promoting a Hindu nationalist agenda. But there is no widely accepted definition of what the term means, and little data exists on how common Hindu nationalist attitudes are in India and how they vary across the country.

new Pew Research Center survey of nearly 30,000 Indian adults sought to measure multiple dimensions of Hindu nationalism by asking people how important certain attributes or behaviors are to “true” Indian identity. This survey was conducted several months after the BJP’s victory in the 2019 parliamentary elections and before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hindus are far more likely than members of other religious groups to link Indian and Hindu identities: Nearly two-thirds of Hindus (64%) say it is very important to be Hindu to be truly Indian. Far fewer respondents among other religious communities in the country answer the same way, including 27% of Muslims who say being Hindu is very important to being truly Indian.

For most of India’s Hindus, religious and national identities are closely linked 2Hindu nationalism in India also has a linguistic dimension. Hindus are more likely than other Indians to associate national identity with the Hindi language. While India has dozens of major languages, a majority of Hindus (59%) feel that being able to speak Hindi is very important to being truly Indian. Hindus who link their religion with national identity tend also to link the Hindi language with being authentically Indian.

Altogether, about half of Hindus (51%) say being Hindu and speaking Hindi are both very important to being truly Indian. A substantial share of Jains (36%) also express both these sentiments, but Buddhists (25%), Muslims (23%), Sikhs (18%) and Christians (15%) are less inclined to offer these definitions of national identity. By contrast, large majorities of Indians across all major religions generally agree that respecting elders, respecting all religions, and respecting the country’s institutions and laws are each paramount to being truly Indian.

Among Hindus, opinion varies widely in different parts of the country on the importance of Hindu identity and speaking Hindi in relation to national identity. Hindus in the Northern (69%) and Central (83%) regions are the most likely to say being a Hindu is very important to be truly Indian, while Hindus in the South (42%) and Northeast (39%) express the weakest association between national and religious identities. Similarly, Hindus in the Northern (71%) and Central (87%) regions – which include the country’s “Hindi belt,” where Hindi is most prevalent – are the most likely to say it is very important to be able to speak Hindi to be truly Indian.

Hindus with a college degree are less likely to connect language and religion with national identity. Roughly half of Hindu college graduates (53%) tie being Hindu with being truly Indian, compared with nearly two-thirds of other Hindus (65%). Religious observance plays a role as well: Among Hindus who say religion is very important in their lives, 70% say being Hindu is very important to being truly Indian, compared with 34% among less religiously committed Hindus.

A bar chart showing that beliefs about Indian identity are tied to voting patterns

These beliefs about Hindu nationalism are strongly reflected in political behavior. Roughly half of Hindus who say they voted in the 2019 election say they voted for the ruling BJP (49%), but support for the BJP is considerably higher among those who say both being Hindu and speaking Hindi are very important to be truly Indian. Six-in-ten Hindu voters who place great importance on both of these attributes say they voted for the BJP in the 2019 parliamentary election. By comparison, 33% of those who say neither being Hindu nor being able to speak Hindi is very important to national identity reported voting for the party.

Although this group of Hindu BJP voters may see a special place for Hindus in India, they are just as likely as other Hindus to say respecting other religions is crucial to being truly Indian. And they are even more likely to say that religious diversity benefits India. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of this group – Hindus who say that being a Hindu and speaking Hindi are very important to be truly Indian and who voted for the BJP in 2019 – say religious diversity is a good thing for the country, compared with about half (47%) of other Hindu voters who say the same.

At the same time, Hindus who express this combination of Hindu nationalist positions also are more inclined to support a religiously segregated India – by opposing interreligious marriage, for instance. More than eight-in-ten in this group (83%) say it is very important to stop Hindu women from marrying into another religion, compared with roughly six-in-ten (61%) among other Hindu voters.

Pope Francis Apologizes for Reported Use of Derogatory Term Regarding Gay Men, Highlighting Tensions Within Catholic Church on LGBTQ+ Inclusion

Pope Francis issued an apology on Tuesday following a media storm sparked by his reported use of a vulgar term to describe gay men while reaffirming the Catholic Church’s prohibition on gay priests. The incident highlighted the tension between the church’s official stance on homosexuality and the presence of gay men within its ranks, as well as the desire of LGBTQ+ Catholics for full inclusion in the church.

Vatican spokesman Matteo Bruni acknowledged the controversy surrounding Francis’ remarks, delivered during a closed-door meeting with Italian bishops on May 20. According to reports in the Italian media, Francis used the term “faggotness” in Italian while restating the Vatican’s ban on admitting gay men to seminaries and ordaining them as priests.

Bruni emphasized that Francis never intended to offend or express homophobic sentiments, expressing apologies to those who were offended by the reported use of the term. However, Bruni neither confirmed nor denied the pope’s use of the word, adhering to the Vatican’s tradition of confidentiality regarding discussions behind closed doors.

For advocates of LGBTQ+ rights within the Catholic Church, the issue extended beyond the specific term used by the pope. Natalia Imperatori-Lee, chair of the religious studies department at Manhattan College, emphasized the damage caused by the church’s continued prohibition on gay men entering the priesthood.

“The LGBTQ community seems to be a constant target of offhand, off-the-cuff ‘mistakes’ from people in the Vatican, including the pope, who should know better,” she remarked.

The context of Francis’ remarks was a meeting with the Italian bishops conference, during which a new document outlining training for Italian seminarians was discussed. The document reportedly aimed to introduce celibacy as the primary criterion for priests, regardless of sexual orientation, thereby suggesting a potential modification to the Vatican’s absolute ban on gay priests.

The Vatican’s prohibition on gay priests dates back to a 2005 document from the Congregation for Catholic Education, reiterated in a subsequent document in 2016. Critics have long condemned this position as homophobic, particularly given the presence of gay priests within the clergy.

The late Richard Sipe, a psychotherapist and former Benedictine monk, estimated that up to 30% of the U.S. clergy was homosexually oriented. Similarly, the late Rev. Donald Cozzens argued that the priesthood in the U.S. was increasingly becoming dominated by gay men.

While Church teaching emphasizes the dignity and respect owed to gay individuals, it also categorizes homosexual activity as “intrinsically disordered.” Francis, known for his outreach to LGBTQ+ Catholics, has made efforts to engage with the community, but his comments have sometimes caused offense.

Francis’ use of colloquial language and informal style has occasionally led to controversy, as seen in his past remarks about homosexuality. Despite his efforts to promote inclusivity, he has faced criticism from LGBTQ+ advocates for maintaining certain traditional positions, such as opposing gender-affirming surgery.

New Ways Ministry, an organization advocating for LGBTQ+ Catholics, welcomed Francis’ apology but raised concerns about the underlying attitudes reflected in his comments and the broader ban on gay priests. Similarly, Andrea Rubera of Paths of Hope, an Italian association of LGBTQ+ Christians, expressed disappointment at the lack of a clear denial from the Vatican and called for a more inclusive dialogue within the Church.

Pope Francis’ apology for his reported use of a derogatory term underscored ongoing tensions within the Catholic Church regarding homosexuality and the inclusion of LGBTQ+ individuals. While the incident prompted reflection on the language used by church leaders, it also highlighted the need for a deeper dialogue and reconsideration of existing policies regarding gay priests.

India’s Christian Community Faces Crucial Crossroads Amidst 2024 Elections: Persecution, Representation, and Political Stakes

As India prepares for the largest national elections ever conducted globally, the Christian community, though a minority, faces unique challenges highlighting the importance of their political representation.

The issues range from religious persecution to anti-conversion laws, with recent unrest in the Christian-majority state of Manipur underscoring the urgent need for Christian voices to be heard.

Comprising about 2.3 percent of India’s population, the Christian community is a significant part of this pluralistic society. However, this community often navigates a complex landscape of religious freedom and cultural integration. Despite constitutional protections, incidents of persecution persist, making political empowerment essential for safeguarding their rights.

A recent report by the United Christian Forum (UCF), a civil society organization based in Delhi dedicated to Christian concerns, revealed a significant decline in the fundamental rights and protections of Indian Christians in the first three months of this year.

The 2024 Indian election, which began on April 19 and concludes on June 1, has been a lengthy process.

The UCF reported 70 violent incidents against Christians in January, 62 in February, and 29 in the first half of March, totaling 161 incidents over two and a half months. These incidents included violence, assaults on churches or prayer meetings, harassment of individuals practicing their faith, social ostracism, restricted access to communal resources, and unfounded accusations, notably concerning “forced conversions.”

A.C. Michael, a former member of the Delhi state minority commission, told Religion Unplugged that he wants the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, to lose the upcoming elections.

“The Christian community is in deep prayers these days,” he said. “They want this government to go. There is a fear among the Christian community that if this government comes to power the attacks on Christians will increase.”

He added that under BJP rule, Christians have faced both physical and legal violence, referring to the anti-conversion laws existing in 12 Indian states.

Persecution and representation

One of the most pressing issues for the Christian community in India is the prevalence of anti-conversion laws enacted by various states. These laws, justified as measures to prevent coerced conversions, have been criticized for their potential misuse against minorities. They create an atmosphere of suspicion and hostility, deterring individuals from freely choosing or changing their faith.

Christians and other minorities see these laws as impediments to their religious autonomy, emphasizing the need for sensitive and secular governance that Lok Sabha representatives can influence. Historically, the BJP has provided minimal representation to Christians. In the previous Lok Sabha, John Barla from Bengal was the only Christian BJP member of Parliament, serving as a deputy minister for minority affairs. During the last Parliament’s five-year term under Modi’s leadership, there were no Christian or Muslim cabinet ministers.

Modi and his party have been making efforts to establish a presence in Kerala, a state traditionally oscillating between the Marxist alliance and Congress-led governments. Currently, the Marxists govern the state, while Congress controls 19 out of 20 parliamentary seats.

The BJP has attempted to deepen divisions between Central Kerala’s Christian communities and the Muslims in the neighboring northern regions. In a bid to expand its reach in Kerala, the BJP succeeded in winning over Anil Antony, son of the renowned Congress leader and former defense minister A.K. Antony.

Christians running for office

This development represents a significant setback for Congress, a party deeply entrenched in the state and representative of diverse groups ranging from fishermen and boatmen to affluent stakeholders in the spices, tea, coffee, and rubber industries and business segments held by Christians. With a scant industrial presence, Kerala lacks a substantial corporate and industrial elite.

Despite these efforts, the BJP has not nominated additional Christian candidates in Kerala. The Congress-led United Democratic Front has five Christians in the race: Dean Kuriakose, Hibi Eaden, Benny Behanan, Anto Antony, and Francis George.

The Left Democratic Front (LDF) has nominated P.C. George. In Goa, Viriato Fernandes is contesting for a seat, and while the number of Christians running for the DMK in Tamil Nadu remains unclear, the state typically sends at least two Christians to Parliament.

Meanwhile, the count of Christian candidates in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana is complicated by several Dalit candidates possibly registering as Hindus. The Congress has nominated at least one known and one Dalit candidate from Telangana.

The northeast, often perceived as predominantly Christian, presents a stark contrast. Arunachal Pradesh features a Christian candidate from the Congress, and Assam has just one, RoslinaTirky. Jones IngtyKathar, a former bureaucrat, has support from the Autonomous Hills People Party. Except for Orissa and Jharkhand, which may collectively have about four Christian candidates representing Congress and its allies in Jharkhand and the Biju Janata Dal in Orissa, other states are unlikely to see Christian candidates from major parties.

Additionally, several individuals are running as independents or with support from lesser-known parties, such as Anson Thomas of the PPI Secular, a former official and activist, and Samuel Soni, a candidate in Punjab supported by a group of independent churches.

As India moves closer to another election, the Christian community, like many other minorities, stands at a crossroads. The choice of representatives could very well determine the course of their rights, security, and place within the Indian tapestry for the next several years.

USCIRF Report Identifies Top 17 Nations with Worst Religious Persecution: Afghanistan, China, India Among Key Offenders

The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) published its latest report on Wednesday, spotlighting the countries with the most severe religious persecution globally.

This annual report serves as a guide for the State Department to advocate for religious freedom, often leading to sanctions against countries that violate these rights, with the aim of pressuring them to enhance their religious tolerance.

The report identifies Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Burma, China, Cuba, Eritrea, India, Iran, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Vietnam as the worst offenders this year. USCIRF recommends that these nations be labeled as “countries of particular concern” (CPCs), a designation considered the U.S.’s “most powerful tool” for promoting religious freedom.

Afghanistan

Under Taliban rule, religious freedom in Afghanistan has deteriorated significantly. The report indicates that the Taliban enforces a strict apostasy law prohibiting conversions from Islam and has imposed numerous restrictions on women’s dress, movement, education, and employment. Despite these concerns, Afghanistan is not currently a CPC, although the Taliban is classified as an “entity of particular concern” (EPC).

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan, a predominantly Muslim country, appears on USCIRF’s CPC list for the first time this year due to increasing violations of religious rights affecting both Azerbaijani Muslims and ethnic minorities, particularly Armenian Christians. The report states that Azerbaijani citizens are “routinely” harassed, fined, and imprisoned for their religious activities. In 2023, 183 “peaceful believers” were unjustly imprisoned. Following Azerbaijan’s violent takeover of Nagorno-Karabakh and the resulting mass exodus of Armenian Christians, several historic Christian sites were damaged. Concerns also remain about further threats to ancient religious sites, and Armenian Apostolic priests were evicted from the Dadivank Monastery.

China

China remains a regular feature on USCIRF’s CPC list due to its continued “sinicization” program, which enforces the Chinese Communist Party’s ideology on all citizens and religions. The Chinese government strictly controls all religious activities and punishes unauthorized religious practices severely. In 2023, Chinese authorities “forcibly disappeared” and convicted underground Catholic priests, including two bishops. The government continues its persecution of Muslim Uyghurs through forced labor and indoctrination camps, and thousands of Falun Gong practitioners are also imprisoned.

India

India, the world’s second-most populous country, is led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu Nationalist government, under which religious freedom has worsened. Despite constitutional protections, many regions enforce anti-conversion laws. In 2023, thousands of Christians and Muslims faced attacks and intimidation, and hundreds of churches and mosques were destroyed.

Iran

In Iran, religious freedom remains “extremely poor.” In 2023, the government systematically harassed, arrested, raped, tortured, and executed protesters against mandatory hijab laws and other religious restrictions. Religious minorities, including Sunni Muslims, faced severe punishments, sometimes execution, for violating strict Islamic laws.

Nicaragua

In Nicaragua, dictators Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo intensified their persecution of the Catholic Church and other religious groups in 2023. The government seized assets and properties of Catholic institutions and imprisoned and exiled hundreds of Catholics and political dissidents. Bishop Rolando Alvarez, a vocal critic of the regime, was sentenced to 26 years in prison and spent all of 2023 with little to no contact with the outside world before being exiled to the Vatican.

Nigeria

Nigeria saw over 8,000 Christians killed in 2023, with attacks peaking during Christmas weekend, resulting in 190 deaths in Plateau state. Nigerian Christians, who constitute 46% of the population, suffered widespread violence, kidnappings, and intimidation largely ignored by the government. Despite recommendations from USCIRF, Nigeria has not been designated a CPC by the State Department since 2021.

Pakistan

Pakistan experienced a significant increase in terrorist attacks against religious minorities and places of worship in 2023. The government further strengthened prohibitions against “blasphemy,” often used to target religious minorities. In August, a mob attacked a Christian community in Jaranwala over a blasphemy accusation, resulting in the destruction of homes and damage to at least 24 churches.

Other Concerning Trends

Transnational Persecution: USCIRF reported an increase in transnational repression by governments like China and India, which targeted religious minorities abroad. Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan were also noted for such activities.

Blasphemy Laws: Blasphemy laws, active in 96 countries, pose a significant challenge to global religious freedom by punishing actions deemed offensive to the prevailing religion or ideology. These laws often incite violence against religious minorities.

Europe:The report mentioned concerning trends in Europe, citing the arrest of U.K. citizen Isabel Vaughan-Spruce for silently praying outside an abortion clinic in Birmingham, and Finnish MP Päivi Räsänen facing human rights violation charges for expressing her religious views on sexuality and marriage.

The USCIRF report underscores the persistent and worsening state of religious persecution worldwide, urging the U.S. to use its influence to advocate for greater religious tolerance and freedom through diplomatic and economic pressure.

Discover the Path to Self-Realization Through Om Kriya Yoga: Insights from Shomik Chaudhuri’s ‘Some Whispers From Eternity

“Each soul is potentially divine. The goal is to reveal the divinity within,” proclaimed Vivekananda. The Bhagavad Gita offers various paths to achieve this, including jnana yoga, karma yoga, and bhakti yoga. Shomik Chaudhuri’s book, “Some Whispers From Eternity” (hereafter “Whispers”), explores achieving self-realization through Om Kriya Yoga.

For those seeking simple guides to Vedic practices, “Whispers” might not meet expectations. This book demands serious engagement, with an in-depth approach that discourages superficial reading or selective skimming.

In the introduction, Chaudhuri emphasizes the neglected importance of the spiritual level, which he describes as “the foundation of our very existence.” He posits that reconnecting with our spiritual selves could address many contemporary life issues. He encourages readers to practice the Kriyas described in “Whispers” methodically, step by step.

Kriya, a Sanskrit term meaning ‘action’, forms the essence of Kriya Yoga—a path of spiritual progress through action. Chaudhuri explains Kriya Yoga as a disciplined system for spiritual development.

In an exclusive interview with News India Times, Chaudhuri shared his lifelong fascination with yoga and meditation. As a child, he mimicked meditation, and in college, a professor initiated him into Kriya Yoga, a practice he has continued ever since. Moving to the U.S. highlighted for him the necessity of a guru’s guidance. Chaudhuri’s spiritual journey advanced significantly when he met Jagatguru Ramanandacharya Rajivlochanacharya, who was initiated by Mahavatar Kriya Babaji, the reviver of Kriya Yoga.

Recalling his first encounter with Jagatguru Ramanandacharya, Chaudhuri described him as possessing a “glorious face and a personality vibrating with energy,” adding that his eyes were “like the sun.” This meeting, followed by his initiation, profoundly transformed Chaudhuri’s understanding of the universe.

In Vedic tradition, an enlightened Guru alone can impart the esoteric knowledge and guidance required for Kriya Yoga. This aspect of the Vedic yoga systems demands earnest attention and respect. Inspired by his guru’s wish to disseminate this wisdom, Chaudhuri authored “Whispers.” Although writing the book faced numerous delays, Chaudhuri credits divine assistance for its completion. He emphasized that “Whispers” offers comprehensive information to facilitate sincere practice.

“Whispers,” aimed at readers over 12 years old, aims to alleviate sadness, anxiety, and depression, promoting spiritual upliftment through OM Kriya Yoga. Chaudhuri believes that this practice can foster an awareness of the interconnectedness of all beings and ultimately lead to world peace, asserting, “Peace cannot be created outwardly. Everything comes from within us.”

Chaudhuri warns against simplistic online tutorials for awakening the Kundalini. “Rousing Kundalini requires sincerely following a few processes,” he explains, cautioning that it demands thorough preparation and cannot be rushed. Improperly arousing the Kundalini can be harmful, whereas a natural approach ensures manageable experiences.

Despite the dense content, Chaudhuri makes “Whispers” accessible through conversational narratives with a friend. However, he notes that diagrams could have further clarified his explanations.

A distinctive feature of “Whispers” is the historical and architectural descriptions of renowned Indian temples at the end of each chapter. The book justifies this by noting, “In Vedic times, the temple was seen as a link between man and god, and between the actual and the ultimate.” Chaudhuri asserts that ancient temples are energy powerhouses, with their architecture following Vastu Shastra principles. For example, Chapter 1 elaborates on the Tirupati temple in Andhra Pradesh, highlighting its symbolic representation of elemental principles.

“Whispers” also guides readers in identifying Chakras before performing Kriyas to awaken the Kundalini Chakra. Chakras, explained as energy wheels from the spine’s base to the head’s crown, store the energy of thoughts, emotions, memories, and actions. These energy centers influence our attitudes, behaviors, emotional health, and actions. The book then explores Patanjali’s eightfold Yoga Sutras, which prepare the body and mind for enlightenment and self-realization.

Chaudhuri introduces OM Kriya Yoga later in the book, likening it to entering a temple’s innermost sanctum. The first step involves chanting OM, where ‘O’ is chanted 25% of the time and ‘M’ 75%. “It is actually AUM, but the ‘A’ and ‘U’ combine to become ‘O’,” the book clarifies. Subsequent chapters detail Kriyas involving movements like raising hands or closing ears while chanting OM to harness its power.

The book dedicates an entire chapter to Chaudhuri’s gurus, Mahavatar Kriya Babaji and Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Rajivlochanacharya, detailing their lives and teachings.

Chapter 12 addresses achieving balance in daily life, outlining the four Purusharthas (goals): Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha. It delves into Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra methods for balancing physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social, environmental, work-related, and financial health.

“Whispers” concludes with guidance on realizing the oneness of all creation. Chaudhuri, with a strong interest in quantum physics, is convinced of the unity of existence, stating, “The whole creation is one, in various forms.” The book aims to illuminate this truth.

“Whispers” is a profound and comprehensive guide for those earnestly seeking spiritual advancement through Om Kriya Yoga, blending ancient wisdom with practical instructions for modern spiritual seekers.

Militant Hindutva and Gender: The Rise of Aggressive Female Mobilization in India’s Right-Wing Politics

Savarkar’s call for the “militarisation” of the “Hindu race” is deeply intertwined with the promotion of masculinity as a fundamental aspect of Hindutva. This vision encompasses the creation of a macho warrior figure whose existence relies on aggression against perceived enemies. Such a warrior is driven by the desire to avenge “historical wrongs” and views every non-Hindu as a potential adversary unless they atone for the alleged crimes of their ancestors by accepting punishment. This ideology fosters the belief that no Hindu, particularly if a Brahmin, can ever be a “terrorist,” and must always be seen as virtuous.

In his essay “Six Glorious Epochs of Indian History,” Savarkar criticizes Buddhism for its teachings of non-violence and universal brotherhood. He underscores the “necessity of creating a bitter sense of wrong” and promoting “political and masculine virility” to combat what he saw as India’s passive acceptance of aggression under the influence of Universalism and nonviolence. This idea of instilling a perpetual sense of grievance is evident in current efforts to rewrite Indian history as a continuous conflict between Hindus and Muslims.

RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat, in an interview with the Organiser, remarked, “Hindu society has been at war for over 1,000 years… [I]t is but natural for those at war to be aggressive… [T]his war is not against an outside enemy, but against an enemy within. So there is a war to defend Hindu society, Hindu Dharma and Hindu culture…” This perspective implies that women from the “other” community become easy targets to demonstrate “masculine virility.” The masculinisation of Hindutva, inherently violent, impacts how the movement mobilizes women.

In the drive towards a majoritarian India, women’s mobilisation serves two key purposes. Firstly, it involves women’s direct participation in aggressive Hindutva activities. Secondly, it reinforces the traditional role of the family, with women as ideal wives and mothers within Hindutva’s cultural-nationalist narrative. The Rashtra Sevika Samiti, established in 1936, aims to fulfill both roles.

Across the globe, right-wing politics often associates with the stereotype of passive women. However, women’s movements for social change have influenced right-wing structures, leading to the emergence of women leaders in these movements. Such leaders, in various contexts, propagate hate, defend traditional roles, and participate in aggressive mobilizations. In the US, women in white supremacist movements, and in Europe, those involved in anti-immigrant campaigns, mirror this trend. In Islamist societies, women leaders committed to fundamentalist ideologies defend the subordinate role of women as per patriarchal religious interpretations. In India, anti-minority hate speeches and lynching mobs often see leadership from right-wing women, backed by powerful patrons.

During the 1990s, around the Babri Masjid demolition, women like Sadhvi Rithambara and Uma Bharti spearheaded anti-Muslim campaigns with vehement abuse. Since then, other women leaders have followed suit. Their rhetoric combines hate against targeted communities, a sectarian nationalism, and the glorification of traditional female roles through male-centric rituals. Recently, young women have been trained in using weapons, showcased during religious festivals like Ram Navami in Bengal, where young girls wielded swords and chanted provocative slogans.

In Dharma Sansads, women deliver inflammatory speeches. Pragya Thakur, accused in the 2008 Malegaon bomb blast, praised Gandhi’s assassin Godse and encouraged Hindus to keep weapons at home for self-defense. Despite her controversial statements, Thakur was elected on a BJP ticket and enjoys support from top party leaders. This emboldens other women in the Hindutva movement to seek prominence through similar hate crimes and speeches. A BJP Mahila Morcha office bearer in Uttar Pradesh, Sunita Singh Gaur, called for the gang-rape of Muslim women in a Facebook post. Though she was removed from her position after protests, she faced no prosecution for hate speech.

In a Dharma Sansad in Raipur in December 2021, Vibhanand Giri urged men to “rape and impregnate Muslim women” if Muslim men even glance at Hindu girls. Nupur Sharma, whose derogatory comments about Prophet Mohammed drew international attention, was eventually sacked by the BJP but received strong support from the Hindutva ecosystem and protection from legal action.

Women who align with militant Hindutva and advocate violence are far from empowered; they follow the directives of the Hindutva family. This holds true for prominent BJP women leaders in the Modi government who have never condemned such statements. They uphold the ideology, reinforcing the belief that aggression against minorities is justified and necessary.

In light of this aggressive mobilization of women, the RSS, under Mohan Bhagwat’s leadership, is considering direct membership for women in its centenary year. Bhagwat noted that although the Rashtra Sevika Samiti exists, many women are more inspired by the RSS and seek direct membership. This move does not aim to break the male bastion or address issues like patriarchy, dowry deaths, sexual assault, or domestic violence. Instead, it is intended to cultivate more women who will propagate hate within the Hindutva framework, aligning with the organization’s militant agenda.

Pope Francis Inspires Loyola University Delegation with a Call to Embrace Roots, Justice, and Hope

On the morning of Monday, April 20th, Pope Francis welcomed a delegation from Loyola University, Chicago, in the Hall of the Popes at Vatican City. Below is a translated summary of his address delivered in Italian:

Pope Francis began by greeting the President and members of the Board of Trustees of Loyola University in Chicago, who were on a pilgrimage to the birthplace and formative grounds of Saint Ignatius of Loyola. He emphasized the significance of journeys in the human quest for life’s meaning, urging the delegation to maintain a continuous desire for pilgrimage. This visit to the origins of Saint Ignatius’ life and spirituality, he noted, should enrich and inspire their academic and personal growth. The Pope stressed the importance of returning to one’s roots to draw strength and progress, reiterating that the roots of Loyola University lie in the experiences of Saint Ignatius, who prioritized God and sought His will, thereby striving for service. He encouraged the delegation to let Ignatius’ path of discernment and commitment to justice guide their lives and activities, as Loyola University is deeply rooted in the Jesuit tradition of discernment and action.

Pope Francis called on the university to seek truth through deep reflection, attentive listening, and courageous action, urging them to persevere in being witnesses of hope in a world rife with division and conflict. He noted that conflicts, while inevitable, should be resolved from a higher level, fostering cooperation rather than confusion. The Pope highlighted the need for cultivating critical thinking, discernment, and sensitivity to global challenges, constantly questioning how the university can contribute to making the world a better place.

In an era of rapid changes and complex challenges, the Pope underscored the essential role of academic institutions. He stated that their task extends beyond forming fine minds to developing generous hearts and consciences that respect the dignity of every person. Education, he explained, involves the head, heart, and hands, emphasizing harmony between thought, feeling, and action. Education is not merely about knowledge transmission but about forming individuals who embody reconciliation and justice in every aspect of their lives. He encouraged forming “hard-working dreamers,” as dreams are vital for creativity and life’s poetry.

The Pope urged the delegation to nurture intellectual curiosity, cooperation, and sensitivity to contemporary challenges, carrying forward Saint Ignatius’ legacy. He stressed the need for people ready to serve others, work towards a future where everyone can achieve their potential, live with dignity, and find peace. Reflecting on the current global crises, Pope Francis highlighted the importance of hope as an anchor, without which we cannot live. “Hope never disappoints!” he remarked.

He particularly commended intercultural and interreligious dialogue for fostering mutual understanding, cooperation, and building bridges between different traditions, cultures, and worldviews. Concluding his address, Pope Francis blessed the delegation and their journey of knowledge and service, asking them to pray for him due to the challenges of his role. He assured them of his prayers and requested theirs in return. “Thank you!” he said, closing his heartfelt message.

Lord Ram’s “Road Trips” Through The United States

(RNS) — For the past month, four road-trippers have been making their way across the United States, snacking on vegetarian treats and playing Hindu devotional music called bhajans on the car radio.

For the first time in North America, an image of Lord Ram is being paraded from temple to temple on a two-month-long road trip, just in time for the deity’s birthday, Ram Navami.

With them, a very important passenger: the idol of baby Ram, or Ram Lalla. For the first time in North America, Ram Lalla is being paraded from temple to temple on a two-month-long, 16,000-mile road trip, just in time for Ram Navami — the birthday of Lord Ram.

“I bought the van and I said, ‘I’m going to go, anybody wants to join?’” said Amitabh Mittal, joint general secretary of the World Hindu Council of America-VHPA, the group behind the Ram Rath Yatra, or Ram chariot procession. “‘Just be part of it,’ I said. ‘Don’t regret it later.’”

Rather than a chariot, Ram’s normal conveyance in Indian versions of Mittal’s trek, the baby Ram is seated in the back of a decked-out Honda Odyssey, visiting about 14 mandirs, or temples, per day for about 30 minutes at each. From makeshift temples in strip malls to grand architectural feats like the massive new BAPS Robbinsville Mandir in northern New Jersey, Ram and his companions are making history.

“I would say I had a blessing from Shri Ram,” said Manan Raval, one of the four road-trippers. “If he wishes something, he will make it done, and he has willed that Amitabh Mittal called me. It’s all about Shri Ram. I am blessed that he chose me.”

Rath Yatras occur during Hindu festivals throughout India, where deities are charioted through the streets so that the general public can experience a darshan — a mutual look between worshipper and the image of a precious god.

The VHPA, or Vishwa Hindu Parashad of America, is the American arm of one of India’s most powerful religious organizations closely knit with the Hindu nationalist group RSS and its political arm, the Bharatiya Janata Party. These groups frequently support yatras, especially for Lord Ram, who has become one of the most prominent religious figures of the Hindu nationalist movement.

The best known Ram Rath Yatra occurred in 1990, when a political and religious rally was organized by the BJP and VHP to gain support for a temple dedicated to Lord Ram at the site of the 15th-century Babri mosque.

More than 30 years later, the long-awaited mandir has finally been built, dedicated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in January, in a promise kept by the popular BJP and Modi, who has touted the mandir’s opening in his reelection campaign.

“At that time, we never dreamed that this was going to happen,” said Raval, who is the head of Bharat TV, an independent media organization covering the Yatra, whose family participated in the 1990 rally. “Even I was like in that opinion, that ‘they’re saying they will but they aren’t able to do it.’ They have proved themselves. “

But this North American journey, VHPA officials say, is less about nationalist politics, and more about unity.

The Ram Rath Yatra in India comprised of visits to more than 500,000 temples, but Mittal is pleased that more than 850 temples on this U.S. tour have made themselves available for a short and sweet darshan. “People say, ‘What? There are that many temples in the U.S.?’” he said. “Thirty years ago, we were struggling to make one temple.”

On Tuesday (April 16), the travelers passed through the Shree Raam Mandir in Tampa, Florida, where devotees wore their festive best and a small child could be seen dressed up as Lord Hanuman, the monkey god who is known to be Ram’s most devoted follower. “It was full of buzz and excitement,” said Premnath Ramsawak, the mandir’s spiritual head.

Ramsawak says he heard of the yatra’s passing through his city only on Sunday. But “when God wants to be somewhere, he sends his messengers to make it happen.”

“He came back on his own birthday,” said Ramsawak, a Trinidadian immigrant who visited Ayodhya for the opening of the Ram temple there. “He came back to see me. Even though he lives in Bharat desh (an alternative name for India), his presence can be felt all the way here.”

Waking up at 6 in the morning and ending the day at midnight is not for everyone, said Mittal; otherwise, he thinks their chariot would be carrying more than four.

“Seriously, people don’t know how strong the Hindu community is here,” he said, pointing to the burgeoning South Asian and Indo-Caribbean Hindu population. “We just don’t show strength, and some people don’t know we exist. There are Hindus in every nook and cranny of the U.S.”

Raval, who founded Bharat TV, an online news service dedicated to “the new India,” started the company to get all Indians united through one thing many are famous for loving: entertainment. His channel runs programming in almost 10 Indian languages and has been live- broadcasting each temple visit and puja, or ritual, along the way. “To be very frank,” he said, “I have never gotten up at 6:30 in my life. But now, I’m always fresh and good to go.”

The group still has about half of the journey to go. But signs and miracles, they say, let the four know they are in the right place. Raval, one of the car’s drivers, narrowly avoided a collision with a loose tire that spun off a truck on the highway, a near miss he credits to God. And Mittal, who felt the urge to go to the bathroom and ended up in a gas station with two young Indian workers, said the girls had “teary eyes” when Mittal brought them out to get a look at the deity in the trunk.

“We were pulled over because Ram wanted to see them, more than they wanted to see Ram,” he said.

For Catherine Vander Vliet, another passenger who works for Bharat TV, the journey has already made her a “different person,” meeting people she would have never met otherwise, whom she credits with introducing her to the “patience, warmth, and perseverance” of the Hindu faithful. Americans like her, she says, “don’t know the real Bharat.”

“At the end of the day, we’re all one no matter who we say our prayers to,” she said. “They’re doing the same thing that we’re doing, they’re putting their heart and their soul into their God. That’s the same thing I do when I go to church.

“Maybe all the things I’ve done in my life have led to this.”

Jain Leaders Convene in Chicago to Shape Future of Community in North America

Jain leaders from various corners of the United States converged in Chicago this month to deliberate on the multifaceted challenges confronting their community. Spearheaded by Dipak Jain, the former Dean of Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management, this three-day assembly, held from April 5th to 7th, drew over 125 Jain leaders. Among them were representatives from prominent organizations such as the Jain Association of North America (JAINA), Young Jains of America (YJA), Young Jain Professionals (YJP), and Jain International Trade Organization (JITO), along with other Jain centers across the continent.

The primary objective of this gathering, orchestrated by JAINA’s Long Range Planning Committee, was to chart the course for the future of Jainism. In his keynote address, Dipak Jain, the first Jain dean at a North American academic institution, underscored how fundamental Jain principles like ahimsa (non-violence), anekantvad (multiplicity of viewpoints), and aparigraha (simplicity/non-possessiveness) had steered him through a successful career and numerous life hurdles.

“Excellence has no bounds, you can reach any height but there is always more to do. No challenge ahead of you is greater than the force behind you,” he remarked.

Reflecting on the event, Dr. Manoj Jain, chair of JAINA’s Long Range Planning Committee, remarked, “It was an amazing gathering to get leaders, young as well as seasoned, to gather and share as well as debate how to move forward in developing a vision, mission, and strategy for a community of 200,000 Jains in North America.”

Throughout the event’s eight round tables, participants exchanged insights and experiences on a range of topics, including enhancing Jain Center engagement and raising awareness of Jainism among the broader North American populace.

Prem Jain, a former president of JAINA and member of the Long Range Planning Committee, emphasized the importance of translating vision, mission, and strategy into tangible projects on the ground. He stated, “However, having a vision, mission, and strategy is insufficient for a meaningful change. Hence we need projects on the ground.”

The palpable energy and enthusiasm among attendees were evident as they eagerly sought opportunities to put their learnings into action. At the Jain Leadership Forum 2024, participants were treated to fully vegan meals throughout the weekend and had the chance to hear from over 25 Jain Project Champions.

Yogendra Jain, the team lead from Boston, highlighted the significance of the event in providing a solid foundation for new initiatives, fostering synergies, expanding networking opportunities, and delineating a clear roadmap for shaping the future of Jainism in North America. He shared, “For the attendees, Jain Leadership Forum 2024 provided a solid foundation from which to build new initiatives, create synergies, expand on networking opportunities, and define a clear picture of how to shape Jainism’s future in North America.”

Mayur Shah, the team lead from Philadelphia, emphasized the lasting impact of the forum, noting that each participant left equipped with an enhanced toolkit to inspire their local Jain communities to plan for the future and a broader network of Jain leaders to fortify the foundations of the expansive North American Jain community for future generations.

Rare Early Christian Manuscript Set to Fetch Millions at Auction

One of the earliest surviving manuscripts, anticipated to fetch over $2.6 million at auction later this year, is generating substantial interest. The Crosby-Schøyen Codex, written in Coptic on papyrus in Egypt, stands as the earliest Christian liturgical book, according to Christie’s, the international auction house hosting the sale in London on June 11.

Attributed to a solitary scribe, the codex comprises 52 leaves, or 104 pages, meticulously crafted over four decades at a monastery in upper Egypt. Carbon dating places its origins between the 3rd and 4th centuries. Notable for its historical significance, it includes the first epistle of Peter and the Book of Jonah, serving as an early testament to the spread of Christianity.

Protected behind plexiglass and housed in two lockable wooden boxes, the codex is valued by Christie’s between $2.6 million and $3.8 million. Part of the Bodmer Papyri, discovered in the 1950s and encompassing biblical, Christian, and pagan literary texts, it was initially acquired by the University of Mississippi, later passing through various hands in the 1980s before being acquired by Norwegian collector Martin Schøyen in 1988. As such, it holds the distinction of being the oldest known book in private ownership.

Eugenio Donadoni, senior specialist for books and manuscripts at Christie’s in London, emphasized the broad appeal of the codex, stating, “The Crosby-Schøyen is one of the earliest witnesses to a development in cultural and textual transmission and in the history of the book that would not be rivalled in significance until Gutenberg’s printing press and the 20th-century revolution in electronic publishing and communication.” Donadoni further highlighted its role in early Christian practices, noting, “It contains the two earliest complete texts of two books of the Bible, 1 Peter and Jonah, both used in those Easter services.”

The remarkable preservation of the codex owes much to the favorable climactic conditions in Egypt, where it was unearthed. It is featured among a collection of “manuscript masterpieces” from The Schøyen Collection, described by Christie’s as “one of the largest and most comprehensive collections of manuscripts ever assembled.” This collection spans 1,300 years of cultural history and includes significant works such as the Holkham Hebrew Bible and the Geraardsbergen Bible, alongside Greek literature, humanist masterpieces, and historically significant texts from various regions.

Currently on display at Christie’s New York until April 9, the Crosby-Schøyen Codex stands as a tangible link to early Christianity and the evolution of the written word, inviting both scholarly and private interest alike.

Pope Francis Reveals Papal Election Maneuvers and Vatican Tensions in Book Interview

Pope Francis has brought to light the political tactics employed to influence votes during recent papal elections while refuting claims of intending to reform the conclave process in the future, as revealed in a book-length interview released on Tuesday.

The revelations, disclosed in “The Successor: My Memories of Benedict XVI,” offer insights into the Argentine pope’s relationship with the late German pope and address certain conflicts with Benedict’s long-serving aide.

Authored as a dialogue with Javier Martínez-Brocal, correspondent for Spain’s ABC daily, the publication coincides with a sensitive period for the 87-year-old Francis. Concerns regarding his health, the potential for his resignation akin to Benedict, and the eventual succession have been raised.

In the book, Francis divulged previously confidential information concerning the 2005 and 2013 conclaves. He noted being “used” in 2005 by cardinals aiming to prevent Benedict’s election, ultimately leading to Ratzinger’s victory. Similarly, in 2013, he recounted realizing the support behind him only at a late stage.

Francis denied rumors of planning conclave rule reforms, particularly concerning discussions before papal elections. He did, however, mention revising protocols for papal funerals, intending to ensure dignified but not extravagant ceremonies.

The pope also addressed tensions with Archbishop Georg Gaenswein, Benedict’s longtime secretary, citing imprudent decisions leading to difficulties. Gaenswein’s perceived role in conservative opposition during Francis’s tenure is highlighted, including incidents like Cardinal Robert Sarah’s book publication alongside Benedict.

Blaming Gaenswein for the affair, Francis acknowledged sidelining him following the incident. Gaenswein’s posthumous memoir, released after Benedict’s death, further strained their relationship.

Francis emphasized Benedict’s support and denied any conservative maneuvers against him. He clarified that his homily at Benedict’s funeral adhered to liturgical protocol, contrary to conservative criticism.

In essence, Pope Francis’s revelations shed light on the intricate politics surrounding papal elections and internal tensions within the Vatican, while reaffirming his commitment to the papal office and the Church’s traditions.

Indian American Lawmakers Urge DOJ To Address ‘Alarming’ Rise Of Hindu Temple Vandalism

In a letter sent to the U.S. Department of Justice on Friday (March 29), five members of Congress of Indian and Hindu heritage requested a briefing on the status of investigations into recent vandalism incidents at Hindu temples across the country.

Members of the “Samosa Caucus” — an informal term for the group, coined by one of its founders, U.S. Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois — also urged Assistant Attorney General Kristen Clarke to outline the the DOJ Civil Rights Division’s “broader strategy against hate crimes targeting Hindus in the United States.”

Attacks from New York to California have “increased collective anxiety among Hindu Americans,” the letter indicated, adding that “It takes relatively few coordinated acts of hate to create fear within a community that has often been marginalized or neglected.”

The letter was signed by Krishnamoorthi and U.S. Reps. Ro Khanna and Ami Bera of California, Pramila Jayapal of Washington and Shri Thanedar of Michigan.

The lawmakers requested that the department provide the briefing no later than April 18. The DOJ said it has acknowledged receipt of the letter, but declined a request for comment.

According to the FBI’s most recently published hate-crime report, there were 37 instances of anti-Hindu hate crimes in 2021 and 2022, with at least three known attacks on Hindu mandirs, or temples, in California since December of 2023. The temples were defaced with graffitied slogans protesting India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi and supporting the Khalistan movement, a Sikh-led separatist demand for a sovereign state in India’s Punjab region.

In March of 2023, the Indian Consulate of San Francisco was attacked by a group of protesters who stormed the building and installed small Khalistani flags inside. Another mob attempted to set the consulate building afire in July of that year.

These instances followed the vandalism and destruction of a Mahatma Gandhi statue in front of a mandir in New York’s Queens borough in 2021, also defaced with anti-Modi and pro-Khalistan sentiments.

“Such acts of hate shake the foundation of our collective values of tolerance, respect, and freedom of religion,” said Thanedar in a statement to RNS. “I urge a swift and thorough response from the Department of Justice to not only address these specific incidents but also to reinforce our nation’s commitment to safeguarding the rights and security of every religious group.”

Hindu advocates say the trend points to a lack of an adequate response from law enforcement, which they blame on anti-Hindu bias. Though the FBI in all instances indicated it would investigate the vandalism as hate crimes, the agency has not commented publicly on the status of these efforts.

The letter from the members of Congress said Hindu communities “remain concerned about law enforcement coordination regarding these bias-motivated crimes, and they are left wondering if there is appropriate federal oversight to ensure equal protection under the law.”

Others in the Indian American community took issue with the letter’s message. Sangay Mishra, a prominent scholar of the Indian American diaspora, took to X to explain his view that the instances of vandalism and the “alleged involvement of Khalistan supporters” reflect more complex political dynamics than the umbrella term of “hate crime” covers.

“It is hard for me to ignore the fact that diaspora is going through a moment of extreme polarization,” tweeted Mishra. “It is unfortunate that these members of Congress are treating these incidents only as a law and order issue and framing them as incidents of hate crime.

“As elected leaders from the community, you can play an important role in building bridges and starting constructive conversations,” he said in a message directed toward Jayapal and Khanna.

Khanna has himself previously criticized Hindus who “cry Hinduphobia,” arguing that he had never felt Hinduphobia “at any single point” in his “97 percent white and Christian” hometown.

Yet some Hindu leaders, such as Pushpita Prasad of the Coalition of Hindus of North America, consider Hinduphobia to be the “root cause” of pro-Khalistani vandalism and have made the attacks part of their yearslong effort to have Hinduphobia recognized at the federal level. They point to a 2022 study published by Rutgers University’s Network Contagion Lab detailing a “widespread, insidious yet underreported” phenomenon of Hinduphobia both online and in person.

“Freedom of religion means little when sacred spaces that are meant to be an oasis of peace and calm are vandalized with no consequences,” said Prasad, whose organization has campaigned in the California area to ensure lawmakers understand the gravity of the “ongoing Khalistani violence.”

“We are glad to see some much overdue attention to the issue of repeated and frighteningly frequent attacks on Hindu temples,” said Prasad. ”It’s been shocking to see how many had no idea what’s going on.”

The Hindu American Foundation, the nation’s largest advocacy organization for Hindu Americans, has similarly lobbied local law enforcement, the FBI and the DOJ, according to community outreach director Ramya Ramakrishnan, urging more awareness of “Khalistan extremism and lawlessness that, over the past couple of years, has grown increasingly violent.”

“We’ve been frustrated by the lack of response — at best, diminishing the anti-Hindu nature of these attacks, and at worst, giving space to outright gaslighting by Khalistani groups who have falsely blamed the victims,” said Ramakrishnan. (https://religionnews.com/2024/04/03/indian-origin-lawmakers-urge-doj-to-address-alarming-rise-of-hindu-temple-vandalism/?utm_source=RNS+Updates&utm_campaign=748e896a84-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2024_04_04_01_36&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c5356cb657-748e896a84-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D)

Shri Ram Rath Yatra Unites Hindu Communities Across North America on 16,000-Mile Spiritual Journey

The Vishwa Hindu Parishad of America (VHPA) and its Canadian counterpart have launched the Shri Ram Rath Yatra, a 60-day expedition spanning over 16,000 miles across North America, connecting Hindu temples in the United States and Canada. Commencing its journey on Mar. 23, 2024, coinciding with the festival of Holi, the Yatra began its US leg from the VHPA headquarters in Sugar Grove, Illinois. The inaugural day witnessed a traverse of over 500 miles and visits to nine temples.

The primary objective, as articulated by the organizing committee, is to foster unity among Hindu communities and traditions across the continent. This Yatra serves as a means to convey the spiritual significance of the Shri Ram Lalla Pran Pratishtha ceremony held in India on Jan. 22, 2024.

The Yatra is facilitated by three specially designed Raths (chariots), each adorned with imagery of Shri Ram Lalla, traversing North America.

In Canada, the Yatra commenced on Mar. 25 with ceremonies at the Vishnu Temple in Richmond Hill, Ontario. The Canadian inauguration included the Pran Pratishtha ceremony, followed by a puja dedicated to the Rath.

As of Mar. 31, 2024, the US leg of the Yatra had covered nearly 100 temples across various states, spanning approximately 4,000 miles. Each temple visit adhered to a meticulous protocol, with the revered idol of Shri Ram Lalla being ceremoniously installed and rituals observed.

Simultaneously, the Canadian contingent focused its journey within the Greater Toronto area, making stops at around twelve temples and traveling approximately 900 miles. Notable among these visits was Parliament Hill in Ottawa, where Shri Ram Lalla received homage, signifying a significant cultural and spiritual gesture.

Looking ahead, the US team plans to traverse Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey, while the Canadian team will divide its attention among provinces, culminating their journey with visits to numerous temples in the Greater Toronto Area.

Pope Francis Leads Easter Celebrations, Calls for Peace Amidst Global Crises

Pope Francis, despite enduring respiratory issues throughout the winter, led approximately 60,000 individuals in Easter celebrations, emphasizing a call for peace in Gaza and advocating for a prisoner exchange between Russia and Ukraine. He conducted Easter Sunday Mass at St. Peter’s Square and offered a poignant prayer for global peace, particularly highlighting concerns for Gaza’s residents amidst ongoing conflict. Francis, speaking from the loggia, stressed the importance of peace achieved through dialogue rather than weapons. Despite his recent health struggles, the Pontiff’s active participation in Easter services, including the nighttime Easter Vigil, demonstrated his resilience.

In a gesture of goodwill, Pope Francis circulated in his popemobile, interacting with well-wishers after Mass, signaling his well-being despite uncertainties surrounding his health. His address, attended by approximately 60,000 individuals, underscored his commitment to global peace amid challenging times. A brief disruption during the service, when a religious icon fell due to a gust of wind, was swiftly rectified by ushers.

Easter Mass holds significant importance in the liturgical calendar, commemorating Jesus’ resurrection, preceding the “Urbi et Orbi” blessing, where the Pope traditionally addresses global crises. This year, Pope Francis directed his thoughts towards the conflict zones in Ukraine and Gaza, particularly expressing concerns for affected children. He made a fervent appeal for a ceasefire in Gaza and urged for humanitarian access to assist Palestinians, emphasizing the importance of international law.

The Pontiff’s recent health concerns prompted a cautious approach, with Francis refraining from lengthy speeches to preserve his well-being. Despite missing the Palm Sunday homily and reconsidering his participation in the Good Friday procession, his decision to conserve his health proved beneficial, enabling him to fully engage in Easter services.

In a parallel event, King Charles III of Britain’s public appearance at an Easter service in Windsor Castle served as a reassuring symbol of stability, amidst his recent cancer diagnosis. The monarch’s interaction with well-wishers highlighted a sense of continuity and hope during uncertain times.

However, in Jerusalem, Easter Mass attendance was notably subdued at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, reflecting the somber atmosphere amid the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict. The conflict has significantly impacted tourism and pilgrimage to the historic site, with Palestinian Christians facing restrictions in accessing Jerusalem.

In Gaza, Easter celebrations were marred by the grim reality of the conflict, with only a few Palestinian Christians gathering for Mass amidst the backdrop of displacement and destruction. Similarly, in Bethlehem, the traditional birthplace of Jesus, the festive spirit was subdued, with residents expressing sorrow over the lack of joy and normalcy due to the ongoing occupation.

Elsewhere, in Iraq’s Nineveh Plains, a region historically significant for its Christian population, Easter celebrations marked a symbol of resilience amidst past persecution by the Islamic State group. Despite dwindling numbers, Iraqi Christians gathered in large numbers to reaffirm their commitment to their homeland.

Overall, amidst global crises and conflicts, Easter served as a moment of reflection and resilience, with religious leaders and communities worldwide reaffirming their commitment to peace and solidarity.

Islamist Extremists Issue Chilling Call for Ramadan Attacks on Christians and Jews Worldwide

ISIS, the notorious Islamist militant group, has issued a chilling call to arms, urging lone individuals to carry out violent attacks against Christians and Jews in the US, Europe, and Israel during the holy month of Ramadan.

In a disturbing message delivered via the encrypted messaging app Telegram, Abu Hudhaifa al-Ansari, a spokesperson for ISIS, praised the recent horrific terror attack in Moscow, which claimed the lives of 140 people.

The spokesperson emphasized the significance of Ramadan as a time for jihad and called on supporters to target individuals of specific religious affiliations. Additionally, al-Ansari warned of increased attacks due to the presence of American troops in Iraq, commemorating the 10-year anniversary of ISIS’s declaration of a caliphate in Iraq and Syria.

This call to violence extends beyond the mentioned regions, with mentions of escalating attacks in Mozambique and the relocation of operations to major cities in the Philippines.

The spokesperson urged followers to heed the directives of their leaders and spread the message of ISIS through various media channels, expressing confidence that their agenda would be achieved.

Global Easter Feasts: A Celebration of Culinary Diversity

While honey-glazed ham, garlic mashed potatoes, and fluffy dinner rolls may dominate American Easter tables, diverse traditions around the world offer a plethora of culinary delights to mark the occasion. Judy Witts Francini, the mind behind the Italian food blog Divina Cucina, shares insights into the rich Easter feasting traditions in Italy, where the celebration is a feast for the senses.

“Italians go all out,” says Francini, highlighting the elaborate spread that graces her Easter lunch table. Starting with an array of antipasti, she then presents a savory tart named torta pasqualina for the first course, symbolizing the 33 years of Christ’s life with its 33 layers of phyllo dough. The main course includes roast lamb, fried artichokes, peas with pancetta, and roasted potatoes, followed by chocolate eggs filled with surprises and a dove-shaped cake called colomba for dessert.

While Italy’s Easter feast is a grand affair, other countries also embrace the “more is more” philosophy when it comes to Easter meals, with distinct dishes that capture the essence of their culinary heritage. Here are five standout Easter dishes from around the globe:

Italy: Pizza rustica

Italy’s pizza rustica, or pizzagaina, offers a savory twist on the beloved circular classic. Stuffed with a delectable mixture of meat and cheese, encased in a flaky crust, and originating from Naples, pizza rustica reflects the diverse regional variations of Italian cuisine. Rossella Rago, author and host of “Cooking with Nonna,” emphasizes the importance of using lard in the pastry dough for an authentic taste experience. The filling, which can vary widely, typically includes ricotta, provolone, mozzarella, soppressata, prosciutto, and eggs, each cook adding their unique touch to the recipe.

Mexico: Capirotada

In Mexico, Easter brings the delightful indulgence of capirotada, a dessert reminiscent of bread pudding. Mely Martinez, creator of Mexico in My Kitchen, describes capirotada as a fusion of salty, sweet, soft, crunchy, and spicy flavors, creating an explosion of taste. Typically made with bread soaked in syrup made from piloncillo, cinnamon, and cloves, layered with cotija cheese, roasted peanuts, and raisins, and topped with bananas and sprinkles, capirotada is a beloved Easter treat with a rich history.

Poland: Żurek

In Poland, Easter celebrations feature żurek, a creamy and smoky fermented soup made from rye flour starter. Anna Hurning, creator of Polish Your Kitchen, explains that żurek’s tangy flavor is achieved through the fermentation process, which infuses the soup with its distinctive character. Served with boiled egg and sausage, and garnished with spicy horseradish, żurek holds a special place as a national treasure in Polish cuisine.

Singapore: Beef murtabak

Singapore’s culinary landscape, a melting pot of diverse cultures, is exemplified by dishes like beef murtabak. Chef Damian D’Silva, of Rempapa in Singapore, underscores the importance of preserving heritage cuisine in the face of cultural evolution. Beef murtabak, an egg crepe enfolding seasoned ground beef, reflects Singapore’s multicultural heritage through its aromatic spices and flavors.

Nigeria: Jollof rice

In Nigeria, Easter celebrations are synonymous with the aromatic and flavorful jollof rice. Lola Osinkolu, from Chef Lola’s Kitchen, describes jollof rice as a spicy and delicious dish, akin to the West African staple jambalaya. Her recipe, passed down from her mother, incorporates a secret step of roasting bell peppers, tomatoes, onion, and garlic, imparting a smoky taste that elevates the dish to new heights.

These Easter dishes from around the world offer a glimpse into the diverse culinary traditions that enrich the celebration of this joyous occasion. Whether it’s the savory delights of Italy, the sweet indulgence of Mexico, the tangy flavors of Poland, the aromatic spices of Singapore, or the flavorful abundance of Nigeria, Easter feasts unite communities in a celebration of culture, heritage, and gastronomy.

Indian Archbishop Urges Prayer and Vigilance Amidst Concerns Over Democracy and Religious Freedom

Archbishop Peter Machado of Bangalore has expressed deep concerns about the state of affairs in India, highlighting issues of poverty, economic inequality, unemployment, and erosion of democratic values. These concerns come ahead of the Day of Prayer and Fasting for Peace and Harmony in India, organized by the country’s bishops on March 22. Additionally, the timing of these prayers coincides with the upcoming general elections for the lower house of India’s parliament, scheduled between April 19 and June 1.

The political landscape of India is marked by a fierce contest between the Congress party and the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The Congress party has accused the BJP-led government, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, of resorting to tactics such as freezing the party’s bank accounts and issuing tax notices dating back several years, which they perceive as attempts to undermine democracy. Former Congress chief Rahul Gandhi condemned these actions, alleging them to be a deliberate assault on democratic principles.

Archbishop Machado underscores the challenging circumstances prevailing in India despite its advancements in various sectors. He points to growing economic disparity, monopolization by select capitalists, escalating unemployment among educated youth, and large-scale migration of rural poor as alarming trends. He also highlights the proliferation of hate speech, systematic attempts to deprive citizens of their rights, and erosion of pluralistic and secular values enshrined in the constitution. According to him, India’s political sphere is plagued by populism, polarization, and the cult of personality, rendering democracy hollow.

Minority communities in India, particularly non-Hindu faiths, have voiced concerns over increased oppression since the BJP came to power. Archbishop Machado, who serves as the President of the Karnataka Regional Bishops’ Conference and Chairman of the All-Karnataka United Christian Forum for Human Rights, emphasizes the significance of prayer and fasting in combating falsehood, violence, and division while advocating for truth, non-violence, and justice.

Archbishop Anil Joseph Thomas Couto of Delhi, the Secretary General of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India, echoes similar sentiments, urging parishioners to pray continuously for 12 hours to intercede for the nation, especially during the upcoming elections. He expresses apprehensions about religious polarization and fundamentalist movements, which pose a threat to India’s pluralistic ethos and constitutional rights.

In an interview with Crux, Archbishop Machado emphasizes the bishops’ call for prayer and fasting during the Lenten season to promote peace and harmony, particularly amidst the fervor of the upcoming elections. He urges citizens to exercise their voting rights judiciously, emphasizing the importance of selecting leaders who uphold secular values and respect the constitution. According to him, it is imperative for every citizen to participate in the electoral process responsibly, ensuring the choice of candidates who embody moral values and principles.

Embracing Shakti: Hindu Women’s Journey to Empowerment and Unity

Preity Upala has lived a diverse life, transitioning from an investment banker in Australia to pursuing her passion for film in the United States, where she starred in both Bollywood and Hollywood productions, before settling as a film producer and podcast host in Los Angeles. Alongside her entertainment career, she is sought after as a global strategist for her insights into international diplomacy and foreign policy. Upala, a Hindu, sees her various endeavors as harmonious, drawing inspiration from the multifaceted aspects of the divine feminine within her tradition.

In her words, “The goddess worship is so prevalent in our culture, but the goddess has many faces. There are many goddesses. It’s not just the devout wife or devotee, it is the fierce Kali or the Saraswati, who is all about knowledge.”

She emphasizes the concept of Shakti, the primordial cosmic energy embodying the divine feminine, which flows through all beings, manifesting in diverse forms. “That Shakti, the life force, moves through us and it shows itself in different forms,” Upala explains, reflecting on her own experiences.

Hindu women, like Upala, often seek guidance on modern feminism from ancient scriptures. “The beauty with Shakti is, she doesn’t need to give herself up in order to fight for space,” she says. “She holds her own, she knows her place, and no one’s gonna take that away from her. Her job is just to shine and be glorious.”

The concept of feminine power has deep roots in Hindu philosophy, with Shakti regarded as the force from which the universe emanates, akin to a nurturing mother birthing her children. Hindu theologian Rita Sherma elaborates on the dynamic nature of the feminine divine, which transcends gender binaries, encompassing attributes ranging from aggression to nurturing.

Sherma underscores the complementary relationship between masculine and feminine energies, emphasizing the importance of both. “The two are complementary binaries,” she explains. “The feminine divine is certainly dynamic and creative, even in gentle-appearing feminine divine like Radha.”

Like Upala, Sherma experienced a career shift, attributing her transformation to the guiding force of Shakti. She advocates for the reclamation of scriptures such as the Devi Mahatmya, highlighting their empowerment of women throughout history.

Shakti Redding, a yogi and mystic psychologist, recounts her journey of embracing the feminine divine after encountering the Devi Mahatmya and Tantra philosophy. Renaming herself Shakti, she found solace and empowerment in reconnecting with nature and the divine feminine.

Reflecting on her personal struggles, including a terminated pregnancy, Redding emphasizes the healing power of Shakti, which enabled her to overcome grief and shame. She stresses the importance of acknowledging women’s collective experiences and potential for forgiveness and reconciliation.

Redding elucidates the significance of the Tandava, the traditional dance of Shiva and Shakti, symbolizing the balance of feminine and masculine energies in life. She believes that understanding this balance is crucial for healing societal divides and fostering unity.

Upala echoes Redding’s sentiments, advocating for a return to authentic expressions of masculinity and femininity rooted in Hindu principles. She emphasizes the need for men to embrace the divine feminine and support women’s empowerment.

She envisions a future where Hindu women assert their voices and contribute positively to society. “We don’t have to learn or relearn anything,” Upala asserts. “The knowledge is actually in us. And it is for us to enjoy, celebrate and actually share that to the world.”

Veteran Journalist Nirmala Carvalho Honored with Golden Pen Award for Excellence in Journalism by The Examiner

Nirmala Carvalho, a seasoned journalist renowned for her contributions to Church publications in India and abroad, has been honored with the esteemed Golden Pen Award for her outstanding achievements in journalism. The award, bestowed by The Examiner, a venerable weekly publication with a 175-year history based in Mumbai, was presented to her by Cardinal Oswald Gracias, Archbishop of Bombay, during a ceremony in the western Indian city commemorating the weekly’s milestone anniversary.

Reflecting on the significance of The Examiner, Cardinal Gracias described it as a stalwart beacon of truth, reason, and inspiration for countless individuals both in India and beyond its borders. Alongside Carvalho, Christopher Mendonca was awarded the Silver Pen, while Firuza Pathan was presented with the newly introduced Bronze Pen, aimed at recognizing the contributions of youth in journalism.

Carvalho expressed her surprise and gratitude upon receiving the award, stating, “I’m giving thanks to God, but feeling humble.” With a career spanning four decades, the 62-year-old journalist has made significant contributions to various publications, including AsiaNews, Cruxnow.com, and Matters India.

Acknowledged for her comprehensive coverage of topics concerning the Catholic Church, such as religious freedom, social issues, and political developments, Carvalho’s work has garnered international recognition and has been translated into multiple languages. The award committee lauded her focus on the intricate intersections between government, politics, culture, and society, particularly emphasizing her insightful reporting on Indian bishops, religious persecution, Catholicism in India, and the relationship between Indian politics and the Church in Asia.

This accolade marks the third major award for Carvalho, following her receipt of an AsiaNews Journalism Scholarship in Rome in 2010 and the CBCI Commission for Social Communications Award for Church and Minority Sensitive Reporting six years later. Additionally, in 2009, she was honored with the Steins International Award for Religious Harmony in the Field of Human Rights.

Carvalho attributes her calling as a Christian journalist to her high school days when she began by writing letters to the editor, thus commencing a fulfilling and challenging career. Based in Mumbai, she has brought attention to stories of human rights abuses, persecution, and oppression, offering hope and assistance to marginalized communities. Moreover, she highlights the significant contributions of Christian missionaries to human dignity and development.

The award, established by the Mascarenhas family of Mumbai in memory of their parents, underscores Carvalho’s dedication and achievements in journalism. The Examiner, founded on July 10, 1849, by the Jesuits, holds the distinction of being the oldest English-language Catholic newspaper in India.

Cardinal Gracias reflected on the momentous occasion, emphasizing the rich legacy of excellence embodied by The Examiner throughout its long history. Since its inception, the publication has steadfastly upheld the values of the Church, fostering dialogue, and catalyzing positive change within the Catholic community and society at large.

Father Anthony Charanghat, who has been associated with The Examiner for over five decades and served as its editor for more than 25 years, expressed gratitude for the publication’s uninterrupted 175-year journey. He highlighted The Examiner’s role as a religious magazine, emphasizing its commitment to reflecting God’s love through its interpretation of His Word in accessible language for all readers.

Millions Bathe In Sangam On Maghi Purnima

Millions of devotees prayed and took a dip at the Sangam, the confluence of three rivers — the Ganges, the Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati — on Maghi Purnima, or full moon day, at the annual traditional fair in Prayagraj, in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, India, Saturday, Feb.24, 2024. Hundreds of thousands of Hindu pilgrims take dips here hoping to wash away sins during a month-long festival called Magh Mela. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh).

Hindu devotees take a dip at the Sangam, the confluence of three rivers — the Ganges, the Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati — on Maghi Purnima, or full moon day at the annual traditional fair in Prayagraj, in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, India, Saturday, Feb. 24, 2024. Hundreds of thousands of Hindu pilgrims take dips here hoping to wash away sins during a month-long festival called Magh Mela. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh).

Millions Bathe In Sangam On Maghi Purnima
Devotees gather at Sangam, the confluence of the rivers Ganges and Yamuna and mythical Saraswati, on Paush Purnima during the Maha Kumbh Mela in Allahabad on January 27, 2013

Magha Purnima carries profound religious and spiritual importance within Hinduism. This year, it will be observed on Saturday, February 24, 2024. It is a day devoted to honouring Lord Vishnu and the Moon God, occurring monthly as the Full Moon Day. It is revered as a highly auspicious occasion for conducting various puja ceremonies.

Hindus consider the Magha month to be the most significant of all the months in the Hindu calendar. While celebrating Maghi Purnima, devotees fast, take a dip in holy waters, make donations to charitable causes, and offer prayers to gods like Vishnu and Hanuman. Hindus believe this holy bath, taken in certain rivers like the Ganges (Ganga), Yamuna, Kaveri, and so on, is very providential. Hindu mythology also states that Lord Vishnu resides in the river Ganga on this day, and even touching the waters can be very beneficial to people. That plus the prayers being offered up on this day make their wishes almost certain to come true, believe most devotees.

People across India have varied customs across regions. The southern state of Tamil Nadu hosts a special ‘float’ festival each year. Decorated idols of their gods, Meenakshi and Lord Sundeshwara, are mounted on floats. North India (cities like Allahabad and Prayag) holds a Magha Mela (a large religious fair) annually at the confluence of three major rivers — Ganges (Ganga), Yamuna, and the mythical Sarasvati River.

Apart from the religious significance, this day is also important in regard to astrology. As the sun moves to the Capricorn sign, the moon moves into the Cancer constellation. The holy dip is said to negate all problems arising with the sun and the moon, and the month itself helps people adjust to changing seasons. People find strength and power to face the next season.

Another reason Maghi Purnima is so important — followers of Buddhism believe Lord Buddha announced his impending death on this day. Legend says there was an earthquake as soon as he said the words, as though the Earth itself was shaken up by this news. His followers believe the Earth shook just this way when Buddha was born, when he received enlightenment (became the religious leader the world knows), and when he passed away. On this day, Buddhists conduct religious ceremonies, prayers are made to Buddha, and offerings are given to the unfortunate. Multiple Buddhist villages across India organize fairs and events to celebrate Buddha.

Hindu women look to ancient goddesses for guidance on modern feminism

Many point to Shakti, the divine feminine energy, as an antidote to toxic masculinity.

(RNS) — Preity Upala has lived more than a few lives. After a career as an investment banker in Australia, Upala moved to the U.S. to pursue her dream of attending film school, eventually landing roles in major Bollywood films like “Bahubali” and in the Hollywood production “Sex and the City 2.” Now, in Los Angeles, Upala is a film producer and podcast host. And if her resume is not varied enough, Upala is also considered a global strategist, called upon by news organizations worldwide for her expertise in international diplomacy and foreign policy.

But Upala, who is Hindu, sees these multiple pursuits as compatible, inspired by the many facets of the divine feminine in her tradition.

“The goddess worship is so prevalent in our culture,” said the Dubai-born Upala, “but the goddess has many faces. There are many goddesses. It’s not just the devout wife or devotee, it is the fierce Kali or the Saraswati, who is all about knowledge.”

In common, she says, all goddesses and women hold a part of Shakti, the “primordial cosmic energy” who is the personification of the divine feminine. Shakti is also the female counterpart to Lord Shiva, both of whom together represent the balanced feminine and masculine energy in each being.

Preity Upala. (Courtesy photo)
Preity Upala. (Courtesy photo)

“That Shakti, the life force, moves through us and it shows itself in different forms,” said Upala. “In my own life, I’ve seen different facets of the Shakti energy work through me.”

Many Hindu women, like Upala, look to the ancient scriptures for guidance on modern feminism.

“The beauty with Shakti is, she doesn’t need to give herself up in order to fight for space,” said Upala. “She holds her own, she knows her place, and no one’s gonna take that away from her. Her job is just to shine and be glorious.”

The power of femininity has been prevalent in Hindu philosophy since the emergence of what is said to be the very first scripture, the Rig Veda. Many Hindus see Shakti as the force from which the universe came, like a mother who births her children.

Lithograph of Hindu goddess Kali, draped with a necklace of skulls, standing on Shiva, circa 1895. (Image courtesy of Wikipedia/Creative Commons)
Lithograph of Hindu goddess Kali, draped with a necklace of skulls, standing on Shiva, circa 1895. (Image courtesy of Wikipedia/Creative Commons)

Divine feminine energy as Shakti flows through all of the female goddesses, explains Hindu theologian Rita Sherma. From Kali, the force destroying evil, or Durga, the warrior who maintains balance, to Annapurna, the divinity of food and nourishment, the goddesses in Hinduism are just as dynamic and multifaceted as women themselves, says Sherma.

“The fact is, the feminine divine in Hinduism explodes every single gender binary trope people can think of,” said Sherma, who teaches women’s studies and religion at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California. “It is the aggressive, assertive, explosive principle of becoming. All manifestation, all actualization of divine potential explodes through the feminine divine.

“So she’s, you know, not your Stepford wife,” adds Sherma.

And what’s more, Sherma says, most commonly known gods, such as Lord Ram and Lord Krishna, are worshipped alongside their respective female consorts, Sita and Radha. Without the feminine, she says, masculine energies would be in “chaos.”

“The masculine and the feminine are both within us,” she said. “The two are complementary binaries.

“The feminine divine is certainly dynamic and creative, even in gentle-appearing feminine divine like Radha,” added Sherma. “It’s her that the world emanates from, it’s through her the world is redeemed. Through her, Krishna experiences joy and bliss.”

Like Upala, Sherma felt unsatisfied in her previous career in business and made a shift later in her life, with two children, crediting Shakti as the guiding force who led her through her new path.

“It was feminine power all the way,” she said.

Rita Sherma. (Courtesy photo)
Rita Sherma. (Courtesy photo)

Sherma became fascinated with Mahadevi: the all-encompassing female deity who is the counterpart to the god Deva and is the subject of the “submerged” and “forgotten” scripture, the Devi Mahatmya. The scripture, which tells various myths centered on the goddess and other goddesses, is often buried under the rest of the vast library of Hindu texts, she says, and should be reclaimed as a resource for women today, especially after the “400,000 years” that women have spent “apologizing for their empowerment.”

“Many women in villages, especially elderly women, who may not even be literate, became respected reciters of the text,” said Sherma. “They had a great deal of power, and both women and men would come to them for their blessing. And sometimes they would experience the presence of the divine feminine within them. And they would then be worshipped as Shakti.”

Shakti Redding, a yogi and mystic psychologist at the Soul Artist Academy in Vail, Colorado, said she found her true calling after being introduced to the Devi Mahatmya and Tantra, the esoteric Hindu and Buddhist philosophy. Born as Rachel to a Christian family, Redding felt a shift when she moved to the nature-abundant Colorado. “I felt just a charge of energy, almost like, ‘Where have you been all my life?,’” she said, attributing that charge to Shakti.

“I really had been drawn this detailed picture of a masculine father God, and so archetypically when I felt God or thought about God, it was as this father spirit,” she said. “But when I was in nature, there was something more, something more feminine, something more kindred in that sense of femininity, and the wildness of it.”

After a childhood of practicing yoga in church basements with her mother, Redding never expected she would found her own yoga academy, or change her name to Shakti, the one first given to her by yogis at the Naropa University in Boulder, Colorado.

But her understanding of the dharmic feminine divine, the mother-goddess of nature, has helped her through the most difficult moments in her life, including a terminated pregnancy at a young age. Worshipping Shakti helped her come out of her grief, and her shame, she said.

“As women, we carry a lot of wounding and a lot of scars and a lot of tender suffering,” she said. “And we also hold the potential for immense forgiveness and reconciliation.”

“How important it is to remember we are all part of the whole,” she added. “We are the daughters, the sisters, the mothers, the lovers. May our stories equip us with the courage, compassion to lead the world awake to a love beyond all opposites.”

The traditional dance of Shiva and Shakti together, called Tandava, said Redding, represents the delicate balance of feminine and masculine in life itself. The root of many of the world’s issues, she said, is a lack of understanding between different or opposing energies. “In the end,” she said, “Shiva and Shakti, the infinite potential and the creative power, are aspects of the same reality.

Women dance in front of an idol of Hindu goddess Durga before it is immersed in the Hooghly River in Kolkata, India, Oct. 24, 2023. The immersion of idols marks the end of the festival that commemorates the slaying of a demon king by lion-riding, 10-armed goddess Durga, marking the triumph of good over evil. (AP Photo/Bikas Das)
Women dance in front of an idol of Hindu goddess Durga before it is immersed in the Hooghly River in Kolkata, India, Oct. 24, 2023. (AP Photo/Bikas Das)

“Once you understand this in depth, this balance becomes applicable to the healing of cultures,” she said. “Healing the wounds, the political divide, the gender divide.”

Upala agrees and insists it is time for everyone, including men, to fall back to their roots, rather than “toxic” versions of masculinity and femininity she says are common in Western frameworks. And respect for Hindu goddesses, she said, doesn’t always translate to respect for all women.

“Although we have this beautiful, completely comprehensive tradition and principle of Shiva/Shakti, this amazing dance of real femininity and real masculine power, for some reason, I don’t always see Indian men or Hindu men really kind of holding space for that.”

Upala believes the world’s Hindu women are on the precipice of an awakening. “I think we’re only just beginning to find our dharmic voice,” she said. “It is coming at a time when the world needs it the most.”

“We have to really hold our own in a time and a space where the world is throwing back at you what they think feminism, beauty and power should be,” she said. “We don’t have to learn or relearn anything. The knowledge is actually in us. And it is for us to enjoy, celebrate and actually share that to the world.”

Pope Francis Addresses Armenian Bishops on Pastoral Responsibility and Prayer

On the morning of Wednesday, February 28th, Pope Francis met with the members of the Synod of Bishops of the Patriarchal Church of Cilicia of the Armenians in a private audience. Due to health reasons, Monsignor Filippo Ciampanelli delivered the Pope’s speech, which centered on three key themes: the pitfalls of pastoral adultery among bishops, the significance of prayer, and the importance of vocational pastoral care.

Addressing the gathered bishops, Pope Francis expressed joy in welcoming them to Rome on the feast day of Saint Gregory of Narek, a Doctor of the Church. He reminded them of their role as successors of the Apostles, entrusted with guiding the people of God towards Jesus Christ. Emphasizing the responsibility of the Synod in selecting future bishops, he urged careful consideration to ensure they prioritize pastoral devotion over personal ambition, cautioning against those motivated by self-interest or career advancement.

The Pope warned against the dangers of “pastoral adultery,” likening it to a bishop viewing their episcopal position as a mere stepping stone to higher status. He stressed that bishops are chosen by Christ to shepherd His flock, emphasizing the need for closeness and pastoral care, particularly for those in diaspora and remote areas. He underscored the importance of fraternity and cooperation with the Armenian Apostolic Church, highlighting pastoral charity as paramount.

In the spirit of Lent, Pope Francis called for contemplation of the cross and urged intercession for all, quoting Saint Gregory of Narek’s prayer for forgiveness and mercy towards enemies. He urged the bishops to emulate Saint Gregory the Illuminator’s example of bringing Christ’s light to the Armenian people, emphasizing their role as witnesses to Christian prophecy in a world marked by darkness and division.

The Pope stressed the significance of prayer in discerning the Gospel’s priorities and maintaining harmony within the Church. He urged thorough preparation for Synods, prudent decision-making for the good of souls, and transparent financial management. Additionally, he emphasized the importance of fostering vocations grounded in authentic Christian life and supporting priests, especially amidst challenges, with fraternal communion and joyful service.

Expressing concern for Armenia amidst conflicts and displacement, Pope Francis called for prayers for peace and solidarity with those affected. He lamented the continuation of wars despite past efforts for peace, urging collective action and prayer for reconciliation. Before concluding, he led the gathering in a prayer of mercy and forgiveness, expressing gratitude for their ministry and requesting prayers for himself.

Pope Francis reiterated his call for prayer, expressing hope for future unity with the Armenian Apostolic Church. He imparted his blessing and recited a prayer of Saint Nerses the Gracious, inviting all present to join him in seeking mercy and forgiveness for all.

Former Supreme Court Justice Urges Removal of Dharmic Motto from Constitution

Former Supreme Court Justice Kurian Joseph has recently voiced his opinion that the Supreme Court’s motto, “यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः” (Where there is Dharma, there is victory), should be discarded. Justice Joseph argues that the concept of Dharma, as defined within Hinduism, does not always align with truth and therefore, isn’t suitable to be the motto of the Indian Constitution. He emphasized, “The truth is the Constitution, Dharma – not always.” This divergence becomes more apparent when compared to the motto “Satyameva Jayate” (Truth alone triumphs), adopted by all High Courts across the nation.

Speaking at an event organized by activists and the controversial website “The Wire,” Justice Joseph highlighted his objections to the inclusion of the shloka from the Hindu epic Mahabharata in the Supreme Court’s motto. His previous comparison of the Catholic Church with the Preamble adds weight to his stance. Advocating for the motto’s removal, the retired judge, who left the apex court in 2018, urged the Chief Justice of India to seriously consider this proposal. He believes that embracing a Hindu shloka like this significantly influences the Supreme Court’s approach to dispensing justice.

Although Justice Joseph was addressing the topic “Supreme Court administration and management- Issues and concerns,” he didn’t shy away from criticizing the media’s role, accusing it of neglecting its duty and contributing to the nation’s bleak outlook.

Kailash Temple, Dedicated to Lord Shiva

Formed from a single block of excavated stone, Kailasa Temple is considered one of the most impressive cave temples in India. Known around the world as a remarkable architectural fulfillment, it is one of the 34 cave temples and monasteries that are collectively known as the Ellora Caves. A shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva, Kailash Temple is regarded as one of the most amazing rock-cut temples in the world.

History and architecture

Located in the western region of Maharashtra state in India, the caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and include monuments dating between 600 and 1000 CE.

kailasa temple ellora caves 1The Temple was said to have been built during the Rashtrakuta dynasty by King Krishna I and his successor King Dantidurga in the eighth century. It appears to have been built over several decades, arguably over an entire century, with contributions from numerous kings and craftsmen of the era. The temple is a tribute to the excellent mechanical and artistic abilities of the ancient Indian craftsmen and is considered one of the greatest examples of Indian rock-cut buildings.

Though this is a legend and not fact, the truth is that Kailasa was built from the top. This unusual decision called for 200,000 tons of volcanic rock to be excavated from the rock. Standing at about three stories tall, a horseshoe-shaped courtyard has a gopuram—tower—at its entrance. Given the vast space and the ornate decorations of the temple, it’s believed that the work may have started with Krishna I, but could have carried on for centuries, with different rulers adding their own flair.

The Temple is made of a single monolithic rock that was vertically excavated downhill as opposed to other rock-cut constructions standing about 60 feet tall, 164 feet long, and 109 feet wide, typically horizontally excavated. It imitates Mount Kailash, the legendary home of Lord Shiva. The entire building is intended to represent Lord Shiva’s eternal residence. The Temple is furnished with artistic sculptures, carvings, and reliefs that portray a variety of Hindu deities, mythological characters, and scenes from Hindu epics such as the Mahabharata and the Ramayana.

Tales

The demon king of Lanka, known in Hindu mythology as Ravana, was a devoted follower of Lord Shiva. It is claimed that to demonstrate his power and dedication to Shiva, Ravana once tried to raise Mount Kailash. But Ravana’s arrogance angered Shiva, who used his toe to press down on the mountain and trap Ravana beneath it. Ravana is supposed to have imprinted his handprint on the Ellora rocks due to this event. This mythology is sometimes connected to the Kailash Temple, which symbolizes Shiva’s holy residence that is impenetrable by even the most formidable creatures.

The interesting story concerns an enigmatic pillar inside the Kailash Temple compound. This pillar is claimed to hang in midair with no discernible support. It is said that wishes will come true if someone can cross the space between the pillar and the ground without touching either. Many pilgrims come to the temple hoping to view this act of miracles and receive blessings for their wishes.

Things to Do AT Kailash

  • Explore the Kailash temple and visit the Ellora Caves, followed by attending the rituals and pujas.
  • Take into consideration visiting some of the other neighboring Aurangabad area sites, which include the Ajanta Caves, known as the “Taj Mahal of the Deccan,” Bibi Ka Maqbara, Daulatabad Fort, and other UNESCO World Heritage sites

Catholic Bishops in India Stand Firm Amidst Rising Attacks, Affirm Commitment to Serving the Marginalized

Christian institutions and individuals in India are facing an escalation of attacks and harassment, yet the Catholic bishops affirm their unwavering commitment to serving the marginalized. The 36th biennial meeting of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (CBCI), attended by over 170 bishops from the country’s 174 dioceses, concluded with a resolute statement emphasizing their dedication to the nation despite adversities.

In their final statement, the bishops affirmed, “As loyal citizens of India, we will continue serving our country whatever be the cost, walking in the footsteps of Jesus our Master.” The conference, held from January 31 to February 7 at Bengaluru’s St John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, deliberated on pertinent themes including the Church’s role in the current socio-political landscape and the implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Acknowledging India’s strides in various domains, the bishops expressed pride in the nation’s achievements while highlighting persistent socio-economic disparities. They lamented that the benefits of development have disproportionately reached a small segment of society, leaving many grappling with unemployment and rural-urban migration, exacerbating the digital divide.

The bishops voiced concern over rising divisive tendencies, hate speech, and fundamentalist movements eroding the secular fabric enshrined in India’s Constitution. They deplored attacks on Christians and their institutions, citing incidents of violence, property destruction, and harassment under the pretext of allegations related to conversions.

During the bishops’ gathering, several arrests occurred in Uttar Pradesh, where a Catholic priest, five Protestant pastors, and a layperson were detained over accusations of engaging in conversion activities. Despite a denial of bail by a lower court on February 7, efforts are underway to secure their release through legal avenues.

The meeting also addressed the protracted violence in Manipur, condemning clashes between the Meitei and Kuki ethnic communities, with a significant Christian population among the latter. Expressing dismay at the loss of lives and livelihoods, the bishops urged for lasting peace and reconciliation in the region.

Highlighting concerns about democratic institutions’ integrity and media responsibility, the bishops emphasized the need to uphold constitutional principles and combat religious polarization. They called upon political leaders to safeguard India’s secular and democratic ethos, urging citizens to actively participate in the upcoming elections.

Reiterating longstanding demands, the bishops urged the government to grant Scheduled Caste status to Dalit Christians and other marginalized minorities while safeguarding the Scheduled Tribe status of Christian tribal communities. Additionally, they reaffirmed their commitment to fostering interreligious dialogue and community solidarity.

Despite facing challenges and setbacks, the Catholic bishops in India remain steadfast in their mission to uphold democratic values, promote social justice, and advocate for the rights of the marginalized, demonstrating resilience and determination in the face of adversity.

Georgia’s Commissioner CB Yadav Announces Plans for Ramayana Museum and Lord Ram Temple; Extends Invitation to UP CM Yogi Adityanath

CB Yadav, the Commissioner of Georgia state in the United States, has announced plans to construct a Ramayana Museum and a temple dedicated to Lord Ram in Georgia. Currently on a tour in India, CB Yadav extended an invitation to Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath of Uttar Pradesh for the groundbreaking ceremony of these projects in Georgia next year, which CM Yogi graciously accepted. During his visit to Lucknow, CB Yadav also met with Samajwadi Party national president and former Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav along with his wife Dimple Yadav at their residence, where CM Yogi was welcomed with mementos.

Chandrabhushan Yadav, also known as CB Yadav, hails from Badlapur in Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh, and currently serves as the first commissioner of Georgia state in the US. He arrived in India on January 28, visiting various places including the Kashi Vishwanath Temple in Varanasi before heading to his ancestral village of Nevada Mukhlispur in Badlapur area to meet with family members, followed by his visit to Lucknow.

CB Yadav expressed his intention to build the Ramayana Museum and the grand temple of Lord Ram in Georgia following the construction of the Ram temple in Ayodhya. He mentioned that construction work on these projects will commence soon and extended an official invitation to CM Yogi Adityanath for the Bhoomi Pujan scheduled for 2025.

Furthermore, CB Yadav emphasized the need to revitalize old temples and religious sites in India, mentioning plans to develop a guest house and basic amenities at the renowned Mata Shitala Chowkia Dham in Jaunpur.

Regarding his journey from Jaunpur to America, CB Yadav completed his education in Badlapur and Allahabad before obtaining a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from an engineering college in Maharashtra. He then migrated to Georgia in 2003, where he established a business with his wife and two sons. Over the years, CB Yadav has achieved success in business, notably with the support of Georgia Governor Brian Kemp, who helped him secure the position of the first commissioner of Georgia state. Recognized as a significant supporter of India in America, Governor Brian Kemp established the Georgian First Commission, on which CB Yadav serves, to facilitate small business growth by streamlining government regulations.

CB Yadav is not only active in politics but also manages several hotels and motels in Kingsland, Camden County, South Georgia. His journey from starting a small business in Camden city to owning multiple grocery stores and a motor business reflects his determination and entrepreneurial spirit.

These Are 10 Of The Great Hindu Temples To Visit In The USA

  • The Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in New Jersey is the largest Hindu temple in America, made with hand-carved Italian Carrara marble.
  • The Sri Sri Radha Krishna Temple in Utah is known for hosting seasonal festivals, including the Holi Festival of Colors.
  • The Ganesh Temple in New York is the oldest Hindu temple in the United States, built in 1977, and is now one of the most famous Hindu temples in the US.

There are now hundreds of Hindu temples found scattered across the United States (and Canada). In fact, the United States is now home to the largest Hindu temple outside of Asia. The largest Hindu temple in the world has historically been the famous Angkor Wat in Cambodia (although it was later converted into a Buddhist temple).

These Are 10 Of The Great Hindu Temples To Visit In The USA (TAAJoo)
Picture: TAJoo

The new largest Hindu temple in the world is the Temple of the Vedic Planetarium, currently under construction in India. From New York to California, here are ten great Hindu temples in the USA worth visiting.

Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, New Jersey

The massive Hindu temple Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in New Jersey has just been expanded and re-inaugurated and is the largest Hindu temple in America.

It was first completed in 2017 and then re-inaugurated in 2023 and built with hand-carved Italian Carrara marble, Indian pink stone, and limestone. It is located in Robbinsville in Central New Jersey.

  • Remarks: Largest Hindu Temple In USA

Sri Sri Radha Krishna Temple, Utah

The Sri Sri Radha Krishna Temple in Utah is famous for its large Hindu festivals and celebrations. The temple has a large natural amphitheater that has the capacity for thousands of visitors.

One of the best times to visit is for the Holi Festival (or Festival of Colors), which offers a true Indian experience.

  • Remarks:Noted For Hosting Many Seasonal Festivals

Hindu Temple Of Central Indiana, Indiana

Located in Indianapolis, the Hindu Temple of Central Indiana is something of a breathtaking monument to Hindu architecture.

It first opened in 2006 and is one of the top places to visit to learn about the Hindu community in Indiana.

  • Remarks: Oldest Hindu Temple In Indiana

Malibu Hindu Temple, California

The Malibu Hindu Temple is located in Calabasas near Malibu in California and is dedicated to the worship of the Hindu god Venkateswara. It is made up of two complexes.

The lower complex has Lord Shiva as the presiding deity, while the upper complex has Lord Venkateswara as the presiding deity.

  • Remarks: Dedicated To Lord Venkateswara

Shri Swaminarayan Sanstha, Illinois

One of the top Hindu temples to explore in Chicago is the Shri Swaminarayan Sanstha Hindu temple, which covers 27 acres.

It opened in 2004 and was constructed with Turkish limestone and hand-carved Italian marble.

  • Remarks: Group Tours are Offered from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Monday to Sunday & Mornings On Sunday

Ganesh Temple, New York

The Ganesh Temple in Flushing, New York (in Queens, NYC) is the oldest Hindu temple in the United States. It wasThese Are 10 Of The Great Hindu Temples To Visit In The USA (Travel) built in 1977 and is now considered among the most famous Hindu temples in the country (it is amazing how many Hindu temples have been built in the last 50 years).

The temple is open to visitors on weekdays from 8:00 am to 8:30 pm and on weekends from 7:30 am to 8:30 pm.

  • Remarks: Oldest Hindu Temple In USA

Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Georgia

The Shri Swaminarayan Mandir is a traditional Hindu place of worship in Atlanta, inaugurated in 2007. It was the largest mandir (or Hindu place of worship) outside India when it was built.

The complex has a large assembly hall, classrooms, an exhibition about the key tenets of Hinduism, and more.

  • Remarks: Constructed With 34,450 pieces of Marble and limestone

Sri Siva Vishnu Temple, Maryland

Sri Siva Vishnu Temple in Maryland is among the largest temples in the United States and was built between 1988 and 2002. It is located only 12 kilometers or 8 miles from Washington, DC, in the Maryland city of Lanham.

Learn more about visiting on the temple’s official website.

  • Remarks: Main Deities Shiva and Vishnu

New Vrindaban Temple, West Virginia

The New Vrindaban Temple (also called The Palace of God) is named after the town of Vrindaban in India. Vrindaban is of religious significance to Hinduism, as Krishna is said to have spent most of his childhood in the city.

Today, the city is home to some 5,500 temples dedicated to Krishna and Radha (his chief consort). The New Vrindaban Temple can be visited while hiking sections of the famous Appalachian Trail.

  • Remarks:Stunning Complex on 500 acres of land

Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Texas

The Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Houston is one of the top Hindu attractions in Texas, built from over 33,000 pieces of hand-carved marble and limestone. The temple has a Hindu exhibit that explains the fundamental tenets of Hinduism for visitors, and it is open every day for visitors and for worshipers.

The Shri Swaminarayan Mandir should be considered as one of the things to see and do while in Houston.

Catholic Bishops of India Launch Innovative Mobile App to Revolutionize Digital Engagement

The Conference of Catholic Bishops of India (CCBI, Latin Rite) has introduced a mobile application aimed at offering a comprehensive range of services and resources to the Catholic community across the nation. Unveiled on January 30 during the plenary assembly at St John’s National Academy of Health Sciences in Bengaluru by CCBI president Cardinal Filipe Neri Ferrão, the Catholic Connect App seeks to revolutionize the digital landscape within the global Catholic community, with a specific focus on India, as stated by Father Stephen Alathara, CCBI deputy secretary general.

Described as a tool poised to seamlessly blend technology with faith, the app is anticipated to instigate positive changes within the Catholic sphere, promoting a sense of unity, communication, and enhanced user experience both locally and internationally. It is projected to cater to diverse needs by providing access to Church services such as health insurance, education, employment opportunities, and emergency aid, in addition to aiding users in locating nearby churches and accessing various Church services within India.

The app’s innovative approach is expected to mark the dawn of a new era, facilitating efficient communication, resource allocation, and community management. By acting as a hub for information regarding Catholic institutions, entities, and associations, alongside delivering timely news updates from the conference’s 14 regions, the app underscores its commitment to keeping users abreast of local developments, thus fostering a deeper sense of community and connection among users, irrespective of their geographical location.

Moreover, the app is anticipated to serve as a vital link for Catholics to connect with their parishes and dioceses, offering dedicated sections for “My Parish” and “My Diocese,” which encompass information, event updates, notice boards, announcements, and obituaries. During the registration process, users can select their respective parishes and dioceses, further enhancing their engagement with their local Catholic communities.

Additionally, the app features a designated space for CCBI Commissions, where their activities, training sessions, and programs are showcased. This interactive platform empowers commission secretaries to directly showcase their initiatives, thereby amplifying the reach and impact of CCBI’s diverse programs.

The inception of the app traces back to the decision made by CCBI’s 88th executive committee in May 2022 to develop a database application to foster connectivity within the Catholic community in India. Following this decision, the trial version of the app was launched on September 21, 2023, during the CCBI 92nd executive committee meeting.

https://mattersindia.com/2024/01/indias-latin-church-set-to-usher-digital-revolution/

Madras High Court Orders Signage Restricting Non-Hindus in Temples to Uphold Hindu Rights

The Madras High Court has issued a directive to the Tamil Nadu HR&CE department, instructing them to place signage in all Hindu temples, clearly stating that non-Hindus are restricted beyond the ‘Kodimaram’ area within the premises. Justice S Srimathy of the Madurai Bench emphasized the fundamental right of Hindus to practice and profess their religion. This ruling came in response to a petition from D Senthilkumar, seeking exclusive access for Hindus to the Arulmigu Palani Dhandayuthapani Swamy temple and its sub-temples, along with the installation of display boards to enforce this regulation at all entrances.

The notable Palani Murugan temple, situated in Dindigul district, was specifically mentioned in this context.

The respondents in the case included the Tamil Nadu government, represented by the Principal Secretary of the Department of Tourism, Culture and Religious Endowments, The Commissioner of the HR&CE Department, and the Executive Officer of the Palani temple. The HR&CE department oversees the administration of Hindu temples across Tamil Nadu.

In response to the petition, the court ordered the installation of boards stating “non-Hindus are not allowed inside the temple after Kodimaram” at the temple entrances, near the flagpole, and at prominent locations within the shrine. The court also mandated that non-Hindus seeking access to specific deities within the temple must provide an undertaking affirming their faith in the deity and willingness to adhere to Hindu customs and practices. Entries for such visits would be maintained in a register by the temple authorities.

Furthermore, the court stressed the importance of maintaining temple premises in accordance with temple rules, customs, and practices outlined in the agamas.

Although the respondents suggested confining the order to the Palani temple alone, the court dismissed this plea, asserting that the issue raised was of broader significance. The court highlighted that these restrictions aim to promote communal harmony among different religions and maintain peace in society. Therefore, the court directed the State Government, HR&CE department, and all involved in temple administration to adhere to these directives in all Hindu temples.

The court reiterated the fundamental rights of Hindus to practice and profess their faith, emphasizing that while individuals of other religions also have these rights, they should not interfere with Hindu customs and practices. Temples are not intended as tourist or picnic spots, and must be respected accordingly.

The court referenced specific incidents of non-Hindus allegedly misusing temple premises, such as consuming non-vegetarian food within temple grounds or attempting to conduct prayers with their sacred texts near sanctums. Such incidents, the court asserted, infringe upon the fundamental rights of Hindus as guaranteed by the Constitution.

Consequently, the court held that it is the duty of the HR&CE department to safeguard temples from such unwanted occurrences and ensure the protection of Hindu fundamental rights. Failure to do so, as evidenced by past incidents, is a neglect of constitutional duty.

The Madras High Court’s ruling underscores the importance of respecting Hindu customs and practices within temple premises, ensuring the fundamental rights of Hindus are upheld, and maintaining the sanctity of these religious spaces.

https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/madras-high-court-to-tamil-nadu-cant-allow-non-hindus-beyond-flagpole-in-temples-4962278#pfrom=home-ndtv_bigstory

Emergence of Assertive Hindu American Politics: Candidates Proudly Represent Faith in U.S. Political Arena

Vivek Ramaswamy expressed his pride in his Hindu identity while campaigning in New Hampshire, stating, “I’m Hindu, and I’m proud of that.” He emphasized his commitment to defending religious liberty without apology. Although his presidential bid faltered in Iowa, his presence underscored a significant emergence: the visibility of assertive Hinduism in American politics.

The burgeoning influence of Hindu American politics was vividly demonstrated in 2019 during the “Howdy, Modi!” event in Houston’s NRG Stadium, where around 50,000 people gathered to witness then-President Trump and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi share the stage.Emergence of Assertive Hindu American Politics Candidates Proudly Represent Faith in U S Political Arena

In late 2019, a dispute over an anti-caste discrimination bill in California showcased the increasing political acumen of Hindus in pursuing their interests. With representatives from across the country on opposing sides, proponents and opponents of the bill showcased their ability to mobilize support and shape public opinion. Governor Gavin Newsom’s subsequent veto of the bill marked a victory for those who argued it would unfairly stereotype Hindus.

Rishi Bhutada, treasurer of the 12-year-old Hindu American PAC, noted that Hindus, traditionally leaning towards the Democratic Party, are now more focused on supporting candidates who understand their specific concerns, from addressing Hinduphobia to advocating for immigration policies aligned with their interests.

Reflecting on this evolution, Bhutada remarked, “The community is getting way more discerning about candidates now.” Over the past decade, Hindu Americans have seen an increasing array of candidates from their community vying for positions at various levels of government, including the U.S. Congress.

Tulsi Gabbard’s historic election as the first Hindu congressperson in 2013 marked a turning point, signaling to the community that electoral success was achievable. Subsequently, Democrats like Raja Krishnamoorthi from Illinois and Ro Khanna from California were elected to Congress, further validating the potential for Hindu candidates to succeed nationwide.

Looking ahead, three more Hindu Americans, all Democrats, are currently running for Congress, each with unique backgrounds and platforms:

Emergence of Assertive Hindu American Politics Candidates Proudly Represent Faith in U S Political Arena

Rishi Kumar, a Silicon Valley tech executive and former mechanical engineer, emphasizes his “fiscally moderate” Democratic stance. His successful tenure on Saratoga’s city council, where he received the highest number of votes in history, propelled him into the political arena. Kumar has been vocal in opposing misrepresentations of Hinduism and advocating against anti-Hindu prejudice.

Emergence of Assertive Hindu American Politics Candidates Proudly Represent Faith in U S Political Arena

Bhavini Patel, raised by a single mother in Pennsylvania, draws upon her upbringing working on an Indian food truck to connect with working-class families. She attributes her values of kindness and authenticity to her Hindu upbringing, aiming to represent her faith proudly while addressing issues such as education, small business support, and public safety.

Suhas Subramanyam, currently serving as a delegate in the Virginia Legislature, made history as the first Hindu and Indian American elected in Virginia. Inspired by his Hindu faith, Subramanyam seeks to address issues such as gun violence, clean energy, and immigration reform while ensuring that his community’s concerns are heard and acted upon.

The rise of Hindu American politicians reflects a growing engagement and sophistication within the community, as they navigate political landscapes while staying true to their religious and cultural identities.

https://religionnews.com/2024/01/26/meet-three-hindu-democrats-running-for-congress-this-season/

India’s Population Dynamics: Religious Growth, Caste Challenges, and Demographic Projections

India has experienced a significant population surge since Partition, with numbers skyrocketing from 361 million in 1951 to over 1.2 billion in 2011. The United Nations Population Division predicts that India’s monthly population growth of about 1 million individuals could lead it to surpass China as the world’s most populous nation by 2030.India's Population Dynamics Religious Growth Caste Challenges and Demographic Projections

During the period from 1951 to 2011, all major religious groups in India witnessed growth. Hindus increased from 304 million to 966 million, Muslims from 35 million to 172 million, and Christians from 8 million to 28 million. However, there are indications that Christians might be undercounted in census data. This discrepancy arises from individuals identifying as Hindu to access government benefits meant for Scheduled Castes, which Christians are not typically eligible for. The 2015 National Family Health Survey showed that 21% of Christians interviewed identified as Scheduled Castes.

India’s caste system, a hierarchical social structure, has historically influenced societal roles and opportunities. Affirmative action programs, known as “reservations,” aim to mitigate caste-based disparities by allocating government jobs and educational seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes. However, these reservations are not extended to Muslims and Christians, prompting debate over their exclusion from poverty-alleviation programs.

India's Population Dynamics Religious Growth Caste Challenges and Demographic Projections

India has implemented various measures to control population growth, including contraceptive promotion and penalties for large families. These efforts have led to a slowdown in population expansion since the 1990s, with growth rates declining for all religious groups. While Hindus remain the majority, the growth rate of religious minorities has tapered off, particularly among Muslims and Christians.

India's Population Dynamics Religious Growth Caste Challenges and Demographic Projections

 

Despite slower growth rates, India’s major religious groups continue to gain millions of followers. Hindus added 138 million people between 2001 and 2011, while Muslims increased by 34 million. Christians, however, experienced the slowest growth rate among the three largest groups.

 

India’s religious composition has remained relatively stable since Partition, with Muslims experiencing a modest increase in percentage share while Hindus declined slightly. Christians have consistently comprised 2-3% of the population since 1951.

India's Population Dynamics Religious Growth Caste Challenges and Demographic Projections

Minor religious groups, including Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains, have seen their numbers double or triple over the decades. Geographically, Christians are concentrated in Southern states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu, while Sikhs are prevalent in Punjab.

 

The 2011 census revealed about 8 million people identifying with smaller religious groups, with over 80 lakh claiming no affiliation with the six largest religions. The census allows for an open-ended response to religion, with over 83 smaller religious groups represented.

India's Population Dynamics Religious Growth Caste Challenges and Demographic Projections

Looking ahead to 2050, demographic projections suggest continued growth for Muslims and Hindus, with Muslims expected to comprise around 18% of the population. Buddhists, Sikhs, and Jains, however, are projected to decline as a share of the population due to lower fertility rates.

India's Population Dynamics Religious Growth Caste Challenges and Demographic Projections

India’s population dynamics, influenced by religious demographics, continue to shape its societal landscape, with implications for policies and societal inclusion.

 

Pope Francis’ Unyielding Commitment to Social Justice and Global Issues

Pope Francis is known for his outspoken stance on critical global issues, ranging from war and migration to climate change. According to Cardinal Michael Czerny, who leads a Vatican department focused on social justice, the Pope’s motive is to caution world leaders against making “suicidal” decisions. Czerny emphasized the moral obligation Pope Francis feels to speak on behalf of Catholics, acknowledging potential criticism but asserting that the Pope is driven by the commitment of the faithful.

Cardinal Czerny explained, “I speak out because there are millions of Catholics and other Christians and other believers and other people of goodwill for whom or in whose voice I’m speaking. And we’re trying to say to the world’s decision-makers that their decisions are anti-human, short-sighted, suicidal” (original quote).

The Pope’s dedication to responsible journalism was underscored during a meeting with reporters at the Vatican on January 22. Pope Francis likened journalism to a vocation, akin to that of a doctor choosing to heal humanity. He expressed the journalist’s role in addressing societal wounds and the importance of their work in today’s world.

Since his election almost 11 years ago, Pope Francis has been a prominent figure, gaining attention not only for his modest lifestyle in the Vatican but also for addressing pressing global issues. His willingness to discuss topics ranging from the death penalty to Artificial Intelligence has solidified his position as a Pope with a significant voice on the international stage.

In an interview on Nove, owned by CNN’s parent company, Warner Bros. Discovery, Pope Francis addressed concerns about his health. Despite recent health challenges, he asserted his commitment to remaining in office “as long as (he has) the ability to serve.”

Pope Francis’ impactful communication extends to the core of his papacy, notably his consistent support for migrants. His first visit outside of Rome was to the Italian island of Lampedusa, where he decried “global indifference” to refugees. Cardinal Czerny, working closely with the Pope, emphasized their efforts to galvanize Catholics to welcome and support migrants in their communities.

Cardinal Czerny, echoing Pope Francis’ perspective, emphasized that migration is about individuals, not just numbers. He shared his personal connection to the issue, recounting his family’s migration from Czechoslovakia to Canada when he was four years old. Highlighting the importance of sponsorship, he noted, “I wouldn’t be here talking to you if a family in Canada had not sponsored us.”

The migrant crisis is a crucial test of humanity, according to Pope Francis, and he views the developed world as largely failing in this regard. Cardinal Czerny urged the Church in the United States to address the issue, evaluate the validity of anti-immigration rhetoric, and guide their community in making informed decisions.

Another significant concern for Pope Francis and Cardinal Czerny is the rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence. Pope Francis has called for a treaty to regulate its use, emphasizing the need for global collaboration to prevent it from becoming a new risk for human life.

Despite the Pope’s commitment to addressing pressing issues, he faces criticism, especially regarding his critiques of capitalism and his stance on climate change. Cardinal Czerny acknowledged this resistance, attributing it to the Pope challenging the interests of both financial and political elites. He drew a parallel to Jesus, noting that criticism is inevitable when the core message goes against prevailing interests.

The Pope’s recent move to authorize the blessings of same-sex couples intensified internal opposition, particularly in Africa. Despite potential criticisms, Cardinal Czerny highlighted Pope Francis’ priority to include, console, bless, and reconcile those who are suffering.

Pope Francis, despite his age and recent health challenges, remains resolute in his commitment to addressing global issues and advocating for social justice. His dedication to speaking on behalf of the faithful and challenging powerful interests continues to shape his papacy.

Divine Artistry Unveiled: Arun Yogiraj’s Masterpiece Brings Lord Ram’s Smile to Life in Ayodhya

Prime Minister Narendra Modi spearheaded the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ ceremony marking Lord Ram’s long-awaited return to Ayodhya after a span of 500 years. The unveiling of Ram Lalla’s visage, sculpted by Arun Yogiraj from Mysuru, left onlookers captivated, particularly by the innocence reflected in the eyes and the smile of the infant Lord Ram.

The smile on Ram Lalla’s face evoked varied descriptions, ranging from expressions of beauty and divinity to terms like ‘mandahasa’ and enchanting.

The inauguration of the Ram Mandir was a momentous occasion, accompanied by jubilant festivities. Yogiraj expressed profound gratitude, attributing the opportunity to divine selection by Lord Ram himself.

Crafting the Idol:

Vijetha outlined the criteria provided by the temple trust for Arun Yogiraj and two other contestants, GL Bhat and Satyanarayana Panday, which included a smiling face, a divine countenance, a depiction resembling a five-year-old, and a princely appearance.

She explained the initial step involved in sculpting, which entails sketching the design on paper.

Designing Facial Features:

Vijetha elaborated that the proportions of facial features were meticulously crafted in accordance with the Shilpa Shastra, an ancient Indian scripture governing traditional arts and architecture.

Yogiraj extensively studied human anatomy to ensure realism, consulting both Shilpa Shastra and anatomy books. He even observed children to capture the innocence and naturalness of their smiles.

The Captivating Smile:

Experts noted the roundish shape of the idol’s face, a characteristic common in South Indian sculptures, contrasting with sharper features prevalent in northern sculptures.

Historian and author Vikram Sampath lauded the beauty of Ram Lalla, praising the curls, rosy cheeks, mystic smile, and divine aura, attributing the accomplishment to the skilled craftsmanship of Arun Yogiraj.

Emotional Journey:

Reflecting on the arduous seven-month journey, Yogiraj revealed the emotional investment he had made, seeking feedback even from his own daughter, who likened the idol’s appearance to that of a child.

Significance of Idol’s Dimensions:

Vijetha elucidated that the height of 51 inches for the Ram Lalla idol was chosen for its scientific significance. This height ensures that the Sun’s rays fall precisely on Ramlalla’s forehead every year at noon on Ram Navami day, lending a unique feature to the Ram Mandir in Ayodhya.

Choice of Krishnashila Stone:

Krishnashila stone was selected for its chemical composition, which renders it inert to acid, heat, and adverse weather conditions. This feature allows for the safe consumption of milk used during Abhishekam as ‘prasad’ without any detrimental effects on health.

Furthermore, the durability of Krishnashila stone ensures the idol’s longevity, capable of withstanding over a thousand years without deterioration. This high-quality stone is found predominantly in regions like HD Kote near Mysuru and Karkala in Uttar Kannada district, thereby establishing Mysuru as a hub for sculpting.

Traditional Craftsmanship:

Despite utilizing modern software for visualization, Yogiraj relied on traditional methods, employing manual sculpting techniques involving hammers and chisels to bring the idol to life.

Hindu American Community Holds Grand Car Rally in Greater Boston to Celebrate Ram Mandir Inauguration

Over the weekend, Greater Boston witnessed a spectacular display of unity and celebration as the Hindu American Community organized one of the largest car rallies in the region. With an impressive turnout of over 250 cars and more than 500 attendees, the rally covered a total distance of 70+ miles, making stops at five prominent temples along the route. This event, which took place in frigid temperatures of 16 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 10 Celsius), stands out as one of the longest car rallies in the United States, as affirmed by the organizers.

The participants, undeterred by the chilly weather and biting winds, embarked on the rally to mark the inauguration of the Ram Mandir in Ayodhya, the birthplace of Lord Rama. The rally commenced at 7:30 AM following a Puja ceremony at the Sri Chinmaya Maruti Mandir in Andover, Massachusetts, and continued on to include stops at the ISSO Swaminarayan Mandir in Lowell, Shri Radha Damodar Mandir in Shrewsbury, Sri Radha Krishna Mandir in Northborough, and concluded at the Sri Lakshmi Temple in Ashland.

Devotees from various other mandirs, including BAPS in Lowell, Satsang in Woburn, Dwarkamai Temple in Billerica, Sarv Dev Mandir in Oxford, and Sri Raghavendra Swami Matha, Shri Gita Mandir in Shrewsbury, joined the main rally at different stopping points, contributing to the overall enthusiasm of the participants.

During each stop, young representatives from the rally extended invitations to the temples to partake in the festivities related to the inauguration of the Ram Mandir. Temples and Hindu Americans were encouraged to perform puja-archana to the temple deity, light five diyas in celebration of Diwali, engage in kirtan-bhajan, recite the Hanuman Chalisa, ring bells, and watch the online broadcast of the Pran Pratishta (consecration) at the newly constructed Ram Mandir in Ayodhya at 12:30 PM IST on January 22nd, 2024.

The youths also shared brief statements about the divine qualities of Bhagwan Ram, emphasizing virtues such as courage, sacrifice, justice, compassion, ideal behavior, and good governance (Ram Rajya). They highlighted how the exemplary life of Lord Rama has influenced the culture in numerous Southeast Asian countries. As a gesture of goodwill, the participants carried small gift packages containing Jap Malas, the Hanuman Chalisa, and a token cash offering. The temples warmly received them, extending welcomes with kirtan, tilak, and Prasad.

The participating temples reciprocated the rally participants’ warmth with open hearts and lively festivities. At ISSO, Vivek Swami, the resident, blessed the participants and spoke about the importance of incorporating the core qualities of Shree Ram into one’s life. The India Heritage Foundation in Shrewsbury presented all rally participants with a copy of the Gita and other relevant books. Additionally, at the Sri Lakshmi Temple, everyone received a Jap Mala to take home for their Japa of “Shri Ram Jai Ram Jai Jai Ram.”

The cars that formed the caravan were adorned with vibrant orange flags and signs, proudly displaying the message “Jai Shri Ram,” which translates to “victory to the virtues” as Lord Ram is considered a symbol of virtues. The cooperation and warm welcome from the police departments in the four towns through which the rally passed reflected the excellent reputation the Indian community holds with law enforcement authorities.

This grand rally, a celebration of unity and devotion, was made possible through the collaborative efforts of volunteers from various dharmic organizations, including the Vishwa Hindu Parishad of America (VHPA), Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh (HSS), and numerous Hindu temples.

Shades of Divinity: Debating the Complexion of Lord Ram in Contemporary Politics

“He possesses a voice reminiscent of the resonating tones of a dundubhi (kettledrum). His skin exudes a radiant glow, brimming with splendor. His physique is robust and square-built, with symmetrically proportioned limbs. He is adorned with a dark complexion.”

In the Sundara Kanda of Valmiki Ramayan, when Sita challenges Hanuman to demonstrate his knowledge of Ram and Lakshman, this is his eloquent reply. The repetitive emphasis on Ram’s dark skin appears consistently in various versions of the Ramayana. However, scriptures don’t always mirror the lived reality. In a world marked by diversities, where the struggle between great and little traditions persists, Ram is at times portrayed in blue, black, and occasionally even in white or green.

The question of Ram’s skin color becomes pertinent in a country predominantly inhabited by people labeled as ‘brown’ by the West. In the case of the most politically active deity of the century, who himself engaged in a legal battle to secure rights over his birthplace, the debate over his depiction takes on broader political implications.

The controversy emerged when three renowned sculptors from different regions were commissioned to create a 51-inch idol of five-year-old Ram lalla for the sanctum sanctorum of the Ram Mandir. Ganesh Bhatt and Arun Yogiraj sculpted the idol from bluish-grey stone known as Shyam-Shila, sourced from Karnataka. On the other hand, Satyanarayan Pandey fashioned a white idol from the makrana marble of Rajasthan.

Union Minister Prahlad Joshi announced on January 1, through a tweet, that Yogiraj’s idol would be installed in the consecration ceremony. However, reports suggested that during a meeting on December 22, a few senior trust members favored Pandey’s ‘Shweta’ version, despite 11 members supporting Yogiraj’s idol. Does the color of the idol hold significance in contemporary politics? Hindu saints and scholars argue that diverse interpretations lead to varied perceptions and, consequently, multiple depictions.

This isn’t the first instance of Ram being portrayed as white. Various television adaptations, including the widely popular one by Ramanand Sagar, depict Ram as anything but dark. Even when depicted differently, he is often shown in blue. Mythologist and author Devdutt Pattanaik points out the preference for blue over black, stating, “We had gods who were always pink, demons who were always brown, and dark gods who were always blue. Indra, Brahma, and Durga were pink, Asuras and Rakshasas were brown. Vishnu, Ram, and Krishna were blue.” He attributes this preference to the symbolism of blue representing the sky, ether, and divinity.

Discussing the blue depiction of Ram, Deepam Chatterjee, author of The Millennial Yogi, notes, “Blue depicts the infinite. It is the color of the clear day sky and of the deep sea. Divinity is often depicted as infinity. Hence, depictions of Lord Rama as blue are symbolic of his divine nature.” Referring to the Bhakti literature tradition, Chatterjee adds that Ram is called “Nīlameghashyama”—the one with the complexion.

Vatican’s Tech Ethicist, Friar Paolo Benanti, Advocates for Ethical AI Governance

In his humble brown robes, Friar Paolo Benanti, a member of the Franciscan order, takes on the profound challenge of our times – navigating the ethical governance of artificial intelligence (AI). Serving as the Vatican’s technology advisor, Benanti, with a background in engineering and a doctorate in moral theology, is on a mission to ensure AI enriches lives without exploitation. His urgency aligns with Pope Francis’s call for an international treaty addressing the ethical use of AI, as highlighted in his 2024 peace message.

In an interview with The Associated Press, Benanti pondered, “What is the difference between a man who exists and a machine that functions?” Expressing the gravity of the issue, he emphasized the growing complexity of a machine that seems to be increasingly humanizing. His expertise extends beyond the Vatican, making him a crucial figure in international AI discussions.

Benanti, at 50, wears multiple hats. He serves on the United Nations’ Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence, heads an Italian government commission safeguarding journalism from disinformation, and consults for the Vatican’s Pontifical Academy for Life. His role involves translating technical terms for the Holy Father, a duty that proved invaluable during a 2023 meeting between Pope Francis and Microsoft President Brad Smith, focused on the ethical dimensions of AI.

Pope Francis, with a commitment to those on society’s margins, fears AI’s potential to infringe on human rights. The concern centers around discriminatory impacts on issues like mortgage applications, asylum bids, or assessing an offender’s likelihood to reoffend. Benanti concurs, warning about the dangers of insufficiently inclusive data leading to non-inclusive choices.

Microsoft, recognizing the friar’s unique expertise, sought Benanti’s insights several years ago. In 2023, Smith and Benanti collaborated on a podcast in Rome, where Smith lauded the friar for his extraordinary blend of engineering, ethics, and technology, making him a vital contributor to the AI debate.

One year away from completing his engineering degree at Rome’s Sapienza University, Benanti chose a different path, forsaking both his degree and his girlfriend to join the Franciscans in his 20s. He envisions AI as a potent tool, capable of reducing medical costs and empowering doctors to serve more people. However, he stresses the ethical quandaries posed by AI, which, with human-like capabilities, demand meticulous governance.

Benanti acknowledges that much of AI’s data is sourced from low-wage workers, often in developing countries marked by a history of colonialism and exploitation. Concerned about extracting cognitive resources from the global South, he states, “I don’t want this to be remembered as the season in which we extract from the global South cognitive resources.” He sheds light on the irony that the best AI tools in the West are trained using underpaid workers from English-speaking former colonies.

In addressing the ethical dilemma, the friar emphasizes, “It is a problem not of using (AI) but it is a problem of governance, and here is where ethics come in — finding the right level of use inside a social context.” Benanti’s advocacy resonates with those striving to strike a delicate balance between harnessing AI’s potential and ensuring it serves the collective good, embodying the timeless values of his Franciscan order founded by St. Francis of Assisi.

In new temple to Lord Ram, the Indian city of Ayodhya hopes to shed a disturbing history

AYODHYA, India (RNS) — Once a quaint, if historically and religiously significant, village, this 2,500-year-old city in northern India has been transformed into a global pilgrimage site befitting the birthplace of the Hindu god Ram.

Cobbled streets are being widened to hold tourist buses and VIP vehicles. Storefronts are uniformly being painted with the saffron emblem of Lord Ram. At worksites blaring Hindu-nationalist-themed pop music, laborers from across the country are building throughout the night. At the center of the face-lift is a long-anticipated temple honoring Ram, one of Hinduism’s most treasured deities, said in the Sanskrit epic the Ramayama to have been born here.

“This is a gift for Hindus of this nation and all around the world,” said Manmeet Gupta, a local TV news reporter. “Because after 500 years of struggle, they can finally see Ram lalla (infant) installed in his rightful birthplace.”

But the new temple, which will be the third-largest Hindu place of worship in the world, is a triumph too for the Hindu nationalist movement that in many ways was born in Ayodhya 30 years ago, when a Hindu mob tore down a mosque that occupied the site.

Hindutva, a Hindu-Sanskrit compound that translates to Hindu-ness, has existed for a century, but tensions in Ayodhya began in the 1980s, when Hindus belonging to Vishwa Hindu Parishad, which the CIA identified as a “religious militant organization,” began a campaign to replace the Babri Masjid, or Babri mosque, with a temple to Ram. Pointing to a finding by the government’s Indian Archaeological Survey that remnants of a “non-Islamic structure” and objects with ancient Hindu imagery were discernible beneath the mosque, the group argued that the land rightfully belonged to the god.

Rallies calling for a temple on the site were organized by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, contributing to its rising political power, which in turn emboldened Hindus with a strong nationalist tilt and a distaste for Muslim imperialism. It was a BJP rally in December 1992 that turned violent and resulted in the destruction of the masjid. The demolition sparked riots across India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, where more than 2,000 were killed in retaliatory violence.

Murari Kumar Pandey, a Hindu who grew up “500 meters from Ram’s birthplace,” recalls playing in Shaheed Galli, or Martyr’s Alley, where dozens of Hindu volunteers, known as kar sevaks, died at the hands of police. “Our parents and grandparents couldn’t see it. All they saw was the Babri Masjid.”

Apart from the riots, the mosque’s destruction spawned a legal case that raged on through all levels of the Indian justice system for two decades, ending only in 2019. At one point the infant Ram made an appearance as a litigant. Construction on the temple began in 2020, when the land was blessed with water from India’s sacred rivers. Since then, Hindus from Ayodhya’s Uttar Pradesh and neighboring states have come to work on the temple to be part of history.

In the meantime, in 2014, the BJP, running on the promise of restoring the temple site, took power in Congress, led by now Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Modi and BJP have a comfortable lead in elections that will be held this spring, thanks to Hindus such as Pandey, who takes great pride in the new temple and credits Modi and Yogi Adityanath, a Hindu monk and chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, for making it happen.

Many local residents, such as Chandramal Mishra, a 38-year-old supervisor on the project, have come to work on the temple and other new buildings. Some had never worked in construction before. A native of a village less than 10 miles from Ayodhya, he had juggled several jobs before landing a role as the head of an electrical team at the temple site. For the last eight months, he has slept in a makeshift dorm with 500 beds and 35 bathrooms. “There are times when I’m needed even at 2 a.m. for work on site,” he said.

Far from complaining, Mishra said that the camaraderie among the volunteers is enough to sustain him. “I’m a Brahmin” — considered the highest of India’s social castes — “but no one asks me why I am working on a construction site. To use a shovel on the land of Ram Mandir is a matter of pride for me.”

Many workers, such as Sapna Sahu, tirelessly polish blocks of intricate marble with sandpaper, chanting “Jai Shri Ram” as they work, which they consider seva, or service, to their beloved Lord. Though each block takes two weeks to polish, she said, “I haven’t counted the stones I polished so far in two years.”

In the past year, luxury hotels, an international airport and major clothing brands have established outposts in Ayodhya, offering not only employment opportunities but shiny attractions for outsiders. But as part of the massive revamp to host millions of expected tourists, some residents have been dispossessed of their homes and land and claim that they were compensated poorly. These residents are now questioning the price of the Ram temple.

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Construction crews work on Ram Mandir, a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Ram, being built at the site of the demolished Babri Masjid mosque in Ayodhya, India, Friday, Dec. 29, 2023. The 16th century mosque was destroyed by Hindu radicals in December 1992, sparking massive Hindu-Muslim violence that left some 2,000 people dead. The Supreme Court’s verdict allowed a temple to be built in place of the demolished mosque. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

Sahu’s friend and fellow stone polisher Snehlata watched as her in-laws’ house was demolished by district authorities. “Ayodhya is our home,” said the 28-year-old. “That’s why we are sad. It is a very sad feeling to lose our home. But if they are well compensated for this, then it is better for all.”

An economic boom, it is hoped, will erase Ayodhya’s political notoriety. The inauguration of the temple “is the day we all have waited for,” Snehlata said. “Until the Mandir exists, this stone will be etched in there. … Our kids will remember that I worked on this.

“A person can earn a living anywhere, but this is beyond belief. An opportunity of a lifetime.”

The area’s Muslims are taking less satisfaction from the city’s growth. In 2019, the Indian government, having awarded the disputed site to the temple, allocated 5 acres in a nearby village for a new mosque, barely 150 meters from the highway to the state’s capital, Lucknow. The trust responsible for the mosque construction, the Indo-Islamic Cultural Foundation, still awaits funds, an official said.

Mohsin Khan, who grew up near the mosque site, was elated to hear that a “grand mosque” would be built in his neighborhood. “But it has been a long time since then and there has been no work,” he said. “It is saddening and cruel.”

As the sun went down and children finished their prayers at the existing mosque and ran toward the open field where the Ayodhya Mosque is to be built, local women looked after their grazing buffaloes in the field. “Children play here. Sometimes we even join them for a bit. That’s all that happens here,” said Khan. “What’s the point of keeping looking at this land otherwise?”

With little time left until the inauguration date for the temple, roads remain unpaved, stones remain uncarved and the temple is still unfinished. The murti, or idol, of Ram Lalla will be consecrated on Jan. 22, but Mishra suggested that the temple complex will not be fully ready until 2028.

The rush to meet deadlines has triggered political divisions, with opposition leaders declining an invitation to the ceremony. “The inauguration of the incomplete temple by the leaders of the BJP and the RSS has been obviously brought forward for electoral gain,” the Congress Party said in a statement on Jan. 10, referring to both their political opponents and the RSS, the religious and social organization that fostered the BJP.

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Construction crews work on the entrance to the new Ram Mandir, a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Ram, in Ayodhya, India. (RNS photo/Richa Karmarkar)

Still, tourists are already beginning to arrive, some sneaking construction debris into their pockets to bring home. Others stack rocks to make little “homes” in a spiritual tradition similar to tossing coins in a wishing well.

Nitish Yadav, a 30-year-old pilgrim from central India, traveled with his family for 48 hours to reach Ayodhya. “No one can stop it now,” he said regarding the construction site, as tears welled in his eyes. “Ram has returned home.”

“We have also made a home for Ram lalla on this land,” added Yadav’s wife, Rajni, as she watched her son stack up rocks near the fence. “We couldn’t wait till the opening to see this.”

Yadav has an added sense of pride from having a hand in the event. “After waiting for 500 years, a Hindu of Modi’s stature has come to realize this dream,” he said. “I voted for the BJP in 2014 so that this day can come.”

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A pedestrian avenue will connect an established Hanuman temple to the new Ram Mandir in Ayodhya, India. (RNS photo/Richa Karmarkar)

Grand Celebrations and Global Enthusiasm Surrounding Ayodhya’s Ram Temple Inauguration

As anticipation grows in India for the opening of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya later this month, Indians residing in the United States have displayed their enthusiasm through a grand car rally organized in Edison, New Jersey. More than 350 cars, adorned with flags depicting images of Lord Ram, participated in the event, as captured in visuals accessed by ANI.

Simultaneously, preparations for the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ ceremony at the Ram Temple on January 22 have taken on a global scale. Giant billboards featuring Lord Ram and the majestic shrine have been erected in over 10 states in the United States, thousands of miles away from Ayodhya. The Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), US chapter, in collaboration with Hindus from across the country, has installed over 40 billboards, conveying the significance of the grand ceremony at the birthplace of Shri Ram Lalla.

These billboards are prominently displayed in states such as Texas, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, and Georgia. Additionally, Arizona and the State of Missouri are scheduled to join this visual celebration from January 15 onwards, according to the VHP, American chapter.

Amitabh VW Mittal, the general secretary of the Hindu Parishad of America, emphasized the joy and excitement of Hindu Americans, stating, “The resounding message conveyed by these billboards is that Hindu Americans are elated and joyously participating in this once-in-a-lifetime event. Their emotions overflow as they eagerly await the auspicious day of the consecration ceremony.”

Teja A Shah, joint general secretary of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, America chapter, echoed this sentiment, expressing the palpable enthusiasm within the Hindu community in New Jersey. He mentioned the various events leading up to the ceremony, including a car rally, exhibition, curtain raiser, and billboards across New York and New Jersey, culminating in a grand celebration on the 21st night.

To mark the inauguration of the Ram Temple, the Hindu American community in the US has organized several car rallies, with more events planned in the lead-up to the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ in Ayodhya.

Meanwhile, President Bhojraj Ghoorbin of the Mauritius Sanatan Dharm Temples Federation shared the preparations in Mauritius. Temples across the country will organize Ramayan Chanting and celebrations on January 22, commemorating the Pran Pratishtha of Lord Ram in Ayodhya. Ghoorbin highlighted the festive atmosphere, revealing that all Hindu brothers and sisters in Mauritius are actively participating in the celebrations, with special events planned, resembling the fervor of Diwali.

“In Mauritius, we are celebrating two Diwalis. The first Diwali is on January 22, and the second Diwali is on October 31. We will do it the same as we all know: after 14 years of Vanwas (exile), Prabhu Shri Ram is coming to Ayodhya. So this time, not after 14 years, Prabhu Ram is coming after 500 years,” added President Ghoorbin. He also announced a cultural program a day before the inauguration of the Ram Mandir in Ayodhya, with Mauritius Prime Minister Pravind Kumar Jugnauth attending as the chief guest.

On the Indian front, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to attend the ceremonial installation of the idol of Shri Ram Lalla inside the sanctum sanctorum of the grand temple on January 22. Leaders and dignitaries from various fields have been invited to the grand temple opening, which will span seven days starting January 16. The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust has set the date for the enthronement of Ram Lalla at noon on January 22, with Vedic rituals for the Pran-Pratishtha ceremony beginning on January 16, a week prior to the main event.

Reflecting on the cultural significance of the Ramayan, the Indian envoy to the US, Taranjit Singh Sandhu, highlighted its universal appeal and timeless lessons. Speaking at an event titled ‘Ramayana across Asia and Beyond’ at the US Capitol Hill, Sandhu stated, “The epic gives insights into the complexities of human relationships, governance and spirituality, dharma or duty, justice, sacrifice, loyalty, and the eternal struggle between good and evil.

He emphasized the global reach of the Ramayan, serving as a bridge across geographies and influencing diverse cultures in the Indo-Pacific region. Ambassador Sandhu shared his personal observations of the epic’s impact across boundaries, showcasing its adaptability in various artistic, literary, and religious traditions.

The fervor surrounding the inauguration of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya is not confined to the borders of India. The global Hindu community, especially in the United States and Mauritius, is actively participating in and celebrating this historic event, showcasing the universal appeal and cultural significance of the Ramayan.

Hindu Americans Celebrate Ayodhya’s Grand ‘Pran Pratishtha’ Across the US with Billboards and Rallies

Amidst the ongoing global events and celebrations leading up to the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ ceremony at the Ram Temple in Ayodhya on January 22, massive billboards featuring Lord Ram and the majestic shrine in the temple town of Uttar Pradesh have been erected in more than 10 states, extending thousands of miles away in the United States.

The Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) US chapter, in collaboration with Hindus from various parts of the US, has installed over 40 billboards across 10 states, showcasing the message surrounding the grand ‘Pran Pratishtha’ ceremony at the birthplace of Shri Ram Lalla in Ayodhya on January 22. The billboards adorn prominent locations in states such as Texas, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, and Georgia, with Arizona and the State of Missouri joining this visual celebration from Monday, January 15, as per the VHP American chapter.

Amitabh VW Mittal, the general secretary of Hindu Parishad of America, emphasized the sentiment conveyed by these billboards, stating, “The resounding message conveyed by these billboards is that Hindu Americans are elated and joyously participating in this once-in-a-lifetime event. Their emotions overflow as they eagerly await the auspicious day of the consecration ceremony,” as reported by ANI.

In commemoration of the inauguration of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya, the Hindu American community across the US has arranged numerous car rallies and has scheduled additional events leading up to the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ in Ayodhya.

The ceremonial installation of the idol of Shri Ram Lalla inside the sanctum sanctorum of the grand temple on January 22 will be attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. A multitude of leaders and dignitaries from various walks of life have been invited to witness the grand opening of the temple in Ayodhya.

According to temple officials, the ceremony is planned over a seven-day span, commencing on January 16. The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust has finalized the enthronement of Ram Lalla at the sanctum-sanctorum of the Ram Temple at noon on January 22.

To mark the Pran-Pratishtha ceremony of Ram Lalla in Ayodhya, Vedic rituals will commence on January 16, a week before the main ceremony.

The Indian envoy to the US, Taranjit Singh Sandhu, highlighted the cultural significance of the Ramayan during an event at the US Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, titled ‘Ramayana across Asia and Beyond’. He expressed, “Ramayan is a bridge across geographies and teaches people about the complexities of human relationships and the eternal struggle between good and evil.”

Sandhu further emphasized the widespread influence of Ramayan across the Indo-Pacific region, stating, “The lessons and tales from Ramayan are passed down from generations, and it is hard to say exactly when one learns them. The epic gives insights into the complexities of human relationships, governance and spirituality, dharma or duty, justice, sacrifice, loyalty, and the eternal struggle between good and evil.”

In response to the growing anticipation in India regarding the opening of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya, the Mauritian government announced a special break for Hindu public officers on January 22. The Mauritian Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Pravind Kumar Jugnauth, granted a two-hour special leave for Hindu public officers to participate in local events marking the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ of Shri Ram Lalla in the Indian temple town.

The official statement from the Mauritian Cabinet read, “(The) Cabinet has agreed to the grant of a one-off special leave of two hours on Monday, 22 January 2024, as from 1400 hours to public officers of Hindu faith, subject to exigencies of service, in the context of the inauguration of the Ayodhya Ram Mandir in India, which is a landmark event as it symbolizes the return of Lord Ram in Ayodhya.”

In Iowa and beyond, evangelical Christian voters follow their party more than their faith

(RNS) — The drive between Eastern Illinois University, where Ryan Burge teaches political science, and Mt. Vernon, Illinois, where he is pastor of a small Baptist church, takes a little more than an hour and a half. Given his two professions, Burge spends a lot of time while commuting across downstate Illinois’ flat, green expanse thinking about religion and elections.

Among the things Burge says he has learned: Faith for most people matters in the pews and, for some, in day-to-day life. But in the voting booth, politics is king.

“Partisanship is the strongest predictor of vote choice,” said Burge. “It was that way in the 1950s, and it’s that way today. Religion does not matter nearly as much as people think it does.”

As an example, Burge pointed out that when the 2024 presidential campaign season begins in earnest with the Iowa caucuses on Monday (Jan. 15), evangelical Christians are likely to be as faithful to the Republican Party as they have for the past few decades. But with evangelical leaders wielding less influence than they have in the past, their choices are going to be driven primarily by their identification as Republicans, not their faith connections.

Evangelical support in Iowa has played a key role in boosting past candidates, notably George W. Bush in 2000. But Bush was the last Republican launched by Iowa Republicans all the way to the White House. Mike Huckabee, the former Arkansas governor and Southern Baptist preacher, won in 2008. Rick Santorum, a conservative Catholic favored by evangelicals, won in 2012, as did Ted Cruz, son of an evangelical pastor. But Ron DeSantis, the candidate backed this year by the leader of a prominent evangelical group, is trailing badly in the polls.

Michael Wear, a former official in the Obama faith-based office and author of the forthcoming “The Spirit of Our Politics,” while past Republican presidential candidates would come to events seeking the approval of evangelical leaders, evangelicals are now seeking the approval of conservatives.

Wear pointed to a 2023 candidate forum hosted by The Family Leader, a prominent Christian group in the state. Rather than have an evangelical leader or pastor interview candidates at its Family Leadership Summit, organizers invited former Fox News host Tucker Carlson to play that role. “It shows evangelicals playing for conservative acceptance, as opposed to Republicans playing for evangelical acceptance,” Wear said.

Bob Vander Plaats, president of The Family Leader, long described as Iowa’s evangelical kingmaker for his role in backing Huckabee, Santorum and Cruz, is backing Ron DeSantis this year. The Florida governor trails Trump by more than 35 percentage points, according to FiveThirtyEight.

In a recent op-ed for the Des Moines Register, Vander Plaats argued that while Trump is a friend, his candidacy is doomed. “While Trump could very well win the primary, the system and the sheer number of Trump haters will never allow him to win the presidency,” he wrote. Iowans, evangelical or not, don’t seem to be convinced.

Evangelicals in Iowa and beyond may simply be seeing the downside of their alliance with the Republican Party. In the late 1990s, legendary religious right leaders Paul Weyrich, a co-founder of the Council for National Policy, Gary Bauer, then president of the Family Research Council, and Southern Baptist ethicist and activist Richard Land pushed Republican leaders to deliver on promises made to evangelicals when they came on board as the moral majority in the late 1970s.

These ’90s leaders were angry that their support for Republicans hadn’t led to many results on issues like abortion. “The go-along, get-along strategy is dead,” Land, then president of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention, told The New York Times in 1998. “No more engagement. We want a wedding ring, we want a ceremony, we want a consummation of the marriage.”

Those promises would eventually be cinched by Trump, who as president delivered the Supreme Court conservative majority that spelled the end of Roe v. Wade, long an evangelical goal. Some evangelicals thought the cost was too high. Trump, a twice-divorced reality TV star, shared few of their beliefs, and they bridled at his caustic rhetoric.

Bob Vander Plaats speaks at the 2015 Presidential Family Forum, hosted by the Family Leader, at the Iowa Events Center in Des Moines, Iowa. (Photo by Gage Skidmore/Flickr/Creative Commons)

Bob Vander Plaats speaks at the 2015 Presidential Family Forum, hosted by The Family Leader, at the Iowa Events Center in Des Moines, Iowa. (Photo by Gage Skidmore/Flickr/Creative Commons)

But by 2023, faith-based politicos like Vander Plaats are finding the wished-for marriage didn’t put them in charge. Christian leaders who oppose Trump on ethical grounds now often find themselves exiled from fellow believers who more than ever want to vote for their man, not their spirituality.

Burge speculated that many evangelical leaders treat Trump as some mainstream Republicans in Congress do: back him in public, afraid of the consequences of opposing him, while griping about him behind the scenes.

“A lot of pastors are publicly saying nothing or giving tacit approval of Trump, and then going home to their wives and saying, ‘This is stupid. I don’t want this,’” said Burge. “They are in a terrible spot.”

Ryan Burge. (Courtesy photo)

Ryan Burge. (Courtesy photo)

Evangelicals, however, may determine the race for second place. Former South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley, who served as Trump’s ambassador to the United Nations, “needs to get DeSantis out of this race,” said Wear. “If she comes second in Iowa, I think that will do it, and if she’s going to do that, she needs to at least hold her own among evangelicals.”

Complicating the picture further is the statistical difficulty in separating voters’ religion from their political allegiance. Some white evangelicals, especially those who aren’t churchgoers, appear to be less motivated by faith than fear about their declining influence in America, driven by demographics and cultural change, said Burge.

“In some ways what you’re seeing is the death throes of a majority religion in its final days,” he said. “And it’s not pretty.”

Brent Leatherwood, president of the ERLC, the public policy entity of the Southern Baptist Convention, suspects that Trump will win the Iowa caucuses and go on to win the Republican nomination, setting up “a replay” of the 2020 election.

“What’s ironic,” he said, “is that it seems no one really wants that.”

Leatherwood, a former executive director of the Tennessee Republican Party, said that when he became ERLC president, he pledged not to try to tell people who to vote for. Instead, he’s focused on the ethical principles that should guide Christians in politics.

He believes that voters are tired of the political, social and economic chaos and polarization of recent years and would like to see some stability in the nation’s leadership.

“They want some peace and quiet on the political arena,” he said. “Think about all the political, social, and cultural upheavals that we’ve seen over the last 15 years. The Great Recession. Obergefell. The drama of the 2016 election. COVID. Jan. 6. The end of Roe. Historic levels of inflation. That’s not even accounting for what we are seeing on the international stage.”

Brent Leatherwood speaks during the Southern Baptist Convention annual meeting in Anaheim, California, on Wednesday, June 15, 2022. RNS photo by Justin L. Stewart
Brent Leatherwood speaks during the Southern Baptist Convention annual meeting in Anaheim, California, on Wednesday, June 15, 2022. RNS photo by Justin L. Stewart

It’s unlikely, he added, that any candidate will be able to deliver that, no matter their party. “I’m not sure that it is reasonable to expect calm, and no candidate has a magic wand or a set of principles or a group of advisers that he or she can call upon, to set the world at ease.”

Leatherwood said Christians ought to be wary of being closely tied to political parties or the temptation to ignore principles in favor of political gains. Instead, he said, candidates should be evaluated on their ethics and their policies.

If no candidate is fit for office, he added, evangelicals and other Christians should consider withholding their vote. “A principled abstention by a sizable enough group of voters,” he said, “would send an important message.”

Grand Celebrations and Global Enthusiasm Surrounding Ayodhya’s Ram Temple Inauguration

As anticipation grows in India for the opening of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya later this month, Indians residing in the United States have displayed their enthusiasm through a grand car rally organized in Edison, New Jersey. More than 350 cars, adorned with flags depicting images of Lord Ram, participated in the event, as captured in visuals accessed by ANI.

Simultaneously, preparations for the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ ceremony at the Ram Temple on January 22 have taken on a global scale. Giant billboards featuring Lord Ram and the majestic shrine have been erected in over 10 states in the United States, thousands of miles away from Ayodhya. The Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), US chapter, in collaboration with Hindus from across the country, has installed over 40 billboards, conveying the significance of the grand ceremony at the birthplace of Shri Ram Lalla.

These billboards are prominently displayed in states such as Texas, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, and Georgia. Additionally, Arizona and the State of Missouri are scheduled to join this visual celebration from January 15 onwards, according to the VHP, American chapter.

Amitabh VW Mittal, the general secretary of the Hindu Parishad of America, emphasized the joy and excitement of Hindu Americans, stating, “The resounding message conveyed by these billboards is that Hindu Americans are elated and joyously participating in this once-in-a-lifetime event. Their emotions overflow as they eagerly await the auspicious day of the consecration ceremony.”

Teja A Shah, joint general secretary of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, America chapter, echoed this sentiment, expressing the palpable enthusiasm within the Hindu community in New Jersey. He mentioned the various events leading up to the ceremony, including a car rally, exhibition, curtain raiser, and billboards across New York and New Jersey, culminating in a grand celebration on the 21st night.

To mark the inauguration of the Ram Temple, the Hindu American community in the US has organized several car rallies, with more events planned in the lead-up to the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ in Ayodhya.

Meanwhile, President Bhojraj Ghoorbin of the Mauritius Sanatan Dharm Temples Federation shared the preparations in Mauritius. Temples across the country will organize Ramayan Chanting and celebrations on January 22, commemorating the Pran Pratishtha of Lord Ram in Ayodhya. Ghoorbin highlighted the festive atmosphere, revealing that all Hindu brothers and sisters in Mauritius are actively participating in the celebrations, with special events planned, resembling the fervor of Diwali.

“In Mauritius, we are celebrating two Diwalis. The first Diwali is on January 22, and the second Diwali is on October 31. We will do it the same as we all know: after 14 years of Vanwas (exile), Prabhu Shri Ram is coming to Ayodhya. So this time, not after 14 years, Prabhu Ram is coming after 500 years,” added President Ghoorbin. He also announced a cultural program a day before the inauguration of the Ram Mandir in Ayodhya, with Mauritius Prime Minister Pravind Kumar Jugnauth attending as the chief guest.

On the Indian front, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to attend the ceremonial installation of the idol of Shri Ram Lalla inside the sanctum sanctorum of the grand temple on January 22. Leaders and dignitaries from various fields have been invited to the grand temple opening, which will span seven days starting January 16. The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust has set the date for the enthronement of Ram Lalla at noon on January 22, with Vedic rituals for the Pran-Pratishtha ceremony beginning on January 16, a week prior to the main event.

Reflecting on the cultural significance of the Ramayan, the Indian envoy to the US, Taranjit Singh Sandhu, highlighted its universal appeal and timeless lessons. Speaking at an event titled ‘Ramayana across Asia and Beyond’ at the US Capitol Hill, Sandhu stated, “The epic gives insights into the complexities of human relationships, governance and spirituality, dharma or duty, justice, sacrifice, loyalty, and the eternal struggle between good and evil.”

He emphasized the global reach of the Ramayan, serving as a bridge across geographies and influencing diverse cultures in the Indo-Pacific region. Ambassador Sandhu shared his personal observations of the epic’s impact across boundaries, showcasing its adaptability in various artistic, literary, and religious traditions.

https://www.ndtv.com/indians-abroad/watch-indians-in-us-organise-car-rally-ahead-of-ram-temple-consecration-4858644

Puri Shankaracharya Addresses Concerns on Political Interference in Religious Affairs

Reaffirming his stance against participating in the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya on January 22, Puri Shankaracharya Swami Nischalananda Saraswati emphasized the undesirability of political interference in religious and spiritual matters. He asserted that even the Constitution does not permit such intrusion. The Shankaracharya spoke out against the encroachment of politicians into realms governed by religious and spiritual regulations, labeling it as both irrational and a violation of constitutional principles.

In a statement made at the Ganga Sagar Mela in West Bengal, where he attended the annual ritualistic bath for Makar Sankranti, Swami Nischalananda Saraswati elaborated on the need for politicians to respect their constitutional limits. He stressed, “Politicians have their limits and they have responsibility under the Constitution. There are rules and restrictions in religious and spiritual domain and these rules should be followed. Interfering in every area by politicians is insanity. This is also a heinous crime according to the Constitution.”

Acknowledging his own limitations as a Shankaracharya, he explained the boundaries that dictate where he can go, what he can involve himself in, and even what he can eat. He specifically addressed the ‘murti pratishtha’ (consecration of idols) and underscored that established rules based on scriptures should be adhered to, especially by the head of state or the Prime Minister.

“Overstepping these rules for propagating one’s name is an act of rebellion against God… and going down the path of destruction,” Puri Shankaracharya warned. Despite clarifying that he harbors no resentment towards Ayodhya and occasionally visits, he firmly stated his decision not to partake in the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ of the Ram Mandir on January 22.

Swami Nischalananda Saraswati emphasized that there exists unanimity among the four Shankaracharyas regarding attending the inauguration ceremony of the Ram Mandir on August 22. He clarified that he does not dissuade anyone from participating in the event.

While expressing his lack of displeasure with the central government, the religious leader did express regret over the invitation to the inauguration ceremony of the Ram Temple. He revealed that he was asked to attend with a colleague, a condition he found disagreeable. The Shankaracharya lamented the fact that despite the religious and spiritual eminence of the Shankaracharyas, they were not granted access to the ‘garbhgriha sanctum sanctorum’ of the temple but were instructed to stay outside. “This is not acceptable to me. I do not like the prospect of watching the inauguration of the Ram Temple by sitting at the event and clapping,” he asserted.

Swami Nischalananda Saraswati also drew attention to certain irregularities within the country’s political system, highlighting how politicians often seek votes by capitalizing on the distress of the population.

When asked about the Ganga Sagar Mela potentially receiving the status of a ‘National Mela,’ the religious leader responded humorously, suggesting that West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee’s habit of gifting kurtas to the Prime Minister might influence such a decision. He remarked, “If she makes the requests while offering these gifts, the Prime Minister might agree and declare the Ganga Sagar Mela a National Mela.”

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/political-interference-not-desirable-in-religious-events-says-puri-shankaracharya/article67738571.ece

Holy See’s Global Diplomatic Network Flourishes: Establishes New Ties, Ratifies Agreements, and Navigates a Robust International Landscape

In the context of the customary audience extended by the Pope to the Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Holy See, the Secretary of State of the Vatican has disseminated updated information regarding the countries maintaining diplomatic ties with the Holy See.

As of the commencement of the year 2024, the Holy See boasts diplomatic relations with 184 countries. This tally includes not only individual nations but also encompasses the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. The collective presence of embassies headquartered in Rome, inclusive of those representing the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, amounts to a total of 91. Additionally, Rome serves as the base for the offices of significant international entities such as the League of Arab States, the International Organization for Migration, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

In a significant diplomatic development during the course of 2023, the Holy See officially established full-fledged diplomatic relations with the Sultanate of Oman on February 23. Subsequently, on July 19, the “Supplementary Agreement to the Agreement between the Holy See and the Republic of Kazakhstan on Mutual Relations of September 24, 1998,” pertaining to the issuance of visas and residence permits to ecclesiastical and religious personnel from abroad, was ratified. This agreement, initially signed on September 14, 2022, underscores the evolving nature of the Holy See’s diplomatic engagements. Furthermore, on July 27, the Holy See concluded the “Agreement on the Status of the Pontifical Representative Resident and the Office of the Pontifical Representative Resident in Vietnam” with Vietnam. The culmination of this agreement was marked by the subsequent appointment of a Pontifical Representative Resident on December 23.

As of the conclusion of 2023, the United Nations officially recognizes a total of 195 countries.In light of this, it is noteworthy that the Holy See maintains diplomatic relations with 184 countries, leaving 11 nations with which it does not have established diplomatic ties. This positioning underscores the Holy See’s standing as one of the nations boasting one of the most extensive networks of diplomatic relations globally. The historical trajectory of the Holy See’s diplomatic engagements is marked by Spain being the first country ever with which the Holy See established diplomatic relations, while the Sultanate of Oman represents the latest addition to this distinguished list.

It is important to underscore the significance of the Holy See’s diplomatic reach, encompassing a broad spectrum of nations and international entities. The European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta are emblematic of the diverse range of entities with which the Holy See cultivates diplomatic ties. Additionally, the concentration of embassies in Rome, including those representing the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, highlights the city’s pivotal role as a hub for diplomatic activities.

The diplomatic developments of 2023, particularly the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Sultanate of Oman, exemplify the Holy See’s ongoing commitment to fostering international dialogue and cooperation. The ratification of the “Supplementary Agreement” with the Republic of Kazakhstan reflects the Holy See’s proactive approach in addressing specific aspects of diplomatic relations. Similarly, the conclusion of the “Agreement on the Status of the Pontifical Representative Resident and the Office of the Pontifical Representative Resident in Vietnam” signifies the Holy See’s concerted efforts to formalize and structure its diplomatic engagements with individual nations.

The Holy See’s expansive diplomatic network is particularly noteworthy in the context of the United Nations’ recognition of 195 countries. With diplomatic relations established with 184 nations, the Holy See has positioned itself as a key player in international diplomacy. The absence of diplomatic ties with only 11 countries further underscores the comprehensiveness of the Holy See’s diplomatic outreach.

The historical perspective of the Holy See’s diplomatic relations adds depth to its contemporary engagements. Spain holds a special place in the Holy See’s diplomatic history as the first nation with which it established diplomatic relations. This historical connection serves as a testament to the enduring nature of diplomatic ties between the Holy See and individual countries. The recent addition of the Sultanate of Oman to the list of nations with diplomatic relations further underscores the Holy See’s commitment to expanding its global diplomatic footprint.

https://zenit.org/2024/01/08/with-how-many-countries-does-the-vatican-have-diplomatic-relations-in-2024/?eti=12970

Pope Francis Urges Unity Amidst Church Discontent and Emphasizes Compassion for the Marginalized

In the face of opposition from conservative factions within the Catholic Church, Pope Francis delivered a message of unity, cautioning against the fragmentation of the faithful based on personal ideologies. The pontiff issued this plea during his homily at St. Peter’s Basilica on Epiphany Day, the final significant celebration of the Christmas season.

In his address, Pope Francis specifically discouraged the adoption of “ecclesiastical ideologies” and urged believers to transcend such divisions. He emphasized the need to avoid forming groups rooted in individual ideas, urging unity and a focus on shared faith. The Pope’s words served as a response to internal resistance within the Church, particularly regarding recent policy decisions.

Last month, Pope Francis granted permission for priests to bless couples outside of traditional marriages, including same-sex relationships. However, this move was met with opposition from some conservative bishops who labeled the Pope’s stance as dangerously progressive. In response to the pushback, the Vatican issued a statement earlier this week, clarifying that the blessings did not constitute heresy, and there were no doctrinal grounds to reject the practice.

While Pope Francis did not explicitly reference the controversy surrounding same-sex blessings in his Epiphany homily, he did deviate from the prepared text to emphasize the broader need to abandon ecclesiastical ideologies. The pontiff underscored the importance of ensuring that faith does not become a mere collection of religious devotions or outward appearances.

“We find the God who comes down to visit us, not by basking in some elegant religious theory, but by setting out on a journey, seeking the signs of his presence in everyday life,” Pope Francis remarked. He specifically highlighted the significance of recognizing God in the faces of the poor, urging the Church to focus on compassion and genuine connection rather than theoretical discussions.

Despite turning 87 last month and facing health challenges in the previous year, Pope Francis displayed resilience during the Epiphany ceremony, which included the singing of Christmas hymns. At the conclusion of the 90-minute service, an aide assisted the Pope, who has a chronic knee problem, in navigating the basilica’s center aisle using a wheelchair.

Throughout his almost 11-year papacy, Pope Francis has dedicated significant attention to advocating for marginalized groups, particularly the poor. Despite the Church’s teachings that deem homosexual acts as sinful, the Pope has actively sought to create an inclusive environment for LGBTQ+ Catholics. His recent approval of blessings for same-sex couples outside traditional marriages aligns with his broader efforts to promote acceptance and compassion within the Church.

Italian Priest Excommunicated for Denying Pope Francis’ Papacy

In a recent development, an Italian priest, Father Ramon Guidetti, has faced excommunication from his local bishop for expressing controversial views about Pope Francis during a homily. The Diocese of Livorno, located in Tuscany, issued a decree on January 1, alerting Catholics to Father Guidetti’s actions, asserting that he “publicly committed a schismatic act” during Mass, leading to an automatic excommunication under Canon law.

Bishop Simone Giusti, the local bishop, explicitly directed Catholics not to attend any Masses conducted by Father Guidetti, cautioning that doing so would result in the serious penalty of excommunication. The bishop invoked Canon 751, which defines schism as “the refusal of submission to the Supreme Pontiff or of communion with the members of the Church subject to him.”

A video posted on YouTube captured the contentious homily delivered by Father Guidetti on December 31, 2023, marking the one-year anniversary of Benedict XVI’s death. In the video, the priest referred to Pope Francis as a “usurper” and a “freemason,” questioning the legitimacy of his papacy. Moreover, Guidetti outright denied that Pope Francis had been the pope for the past decade.

The 48-year-old priest had been serving as the parish priest of the Church of San Ranieri since 2017, situated outside the coastal city of Livorno, approximately 150 miles north of Rome. This move by the local bishop to excommunicate Father Guidetti comes after a meeting held before Christmas, where the bishop addressed the priest’s dissent and subsequently issued the official excommunication decree following Guidetti’s public act of schism on December 31.

Bishop Giusti emphasized the seriousness of the situation, highlighting the implications of excommunication for those who defy the directive: “Catholics are not to attend any Masses offered by the excommunicated priest or they would also incur the very serious penalty of excommunication.”

The use of canonical law to address cases of dissent or schism within the Catholic Church is not uncommon. Canon law provides a framework for maintaining order and discipline within the Church, and excommunication is considered one of the most severe penalties. The decision to excommunicate Father Guidetti stems from his public declarations challenging the legitimacy of Pope Francis’ papacy, constituting a direct violation of Canon 751.

Father Guidetti’s controversial statements, as captured in the video, play a central role in the bishop’s decision to issue the excommunication decree. In the homily, the priest not only referred to Pope Francis as a “usurper” and a “freemason” but also asserted that the current pope had not held the position for the past decade. These statements directly challenge the authority and legitimacy of the Supreme Pontiff, a grave offense within the context of the Catholic Church.

The decree issued by the Diocese of Livorno reflects the seriousness with which the Church addresses matters of schism and dissent. The term “latae sententiae excommunication” used in the decree indicates that Father Guidetti incurred automatic excommunication as a result of his actions during the Mass. This means that the penalty is applied automatically by virtue of the actions committed, without the need for a formal declaration from Church authorities.

The bishop’s adherence to canonical law and the use of excommunication as a disciplinary measure underscores the importance of maintaining doctrinal unity within the Catholic Church. While the Church encourages theological discussions and diverse perspectives, actions that directly challenge the authority of the Pope and the core tenets of Catholicism can lead to severe consequences, as witnessed in the case of Father Guidetti.

The decision to excommunicate Father Guidetti also serves as a reminder of the delicate balance between freedom of expression and the need for adherence to the doctrines of the Church. While individuals within the Church are encouraged to engage in open dialogue, the public expression of views that undermine the fundamental beliefs and authority structures of the Catholic Church can result in serious repercussions.

The local paper in Livorno reported that Bishop Giusti had met with Father Guidetti before Christmas to address his dissent. The subsequent excommunication decree indicates that the bishop deemed the priest’s public act of schism on December 31 as a clear and unacceptable breach of canonical norms. The bishop’s decision to proceed with the excommunication highlights the significance of upholding the unity and integrity of the Catholic faith.

The excommunication of Father Ramon Guidetti by the Diocese of Livorno for challenging the legitimacy of Pope Francis’ papacy during a homily underscores the seriousness with which the Catholic Church addresses matters of dissent and schism. The use of canonical law, specifically invoking Canon 751, reflects the Church’s commitment to maintaining doctrinal unity and discipline. This case serves as a poignant reminder of the boundaries set by the Church to safeguard its core tenets and authority structures.

Ayodhya Ram Mandir: Prime Minister Modi to Inaugurate Majestic Temple Amidst Green Oasis

The grand opening of the Ayodhya Ram Mandir is scheduled for January 24, 2024, and will be marked by the inauguration led by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The construction, set in motion following a landmark 2019 Supreme Court judgment, is on the verge of completion, covering a vast 70-acre area. The temple itself spans 2.7 acres and has incurred a cost of US$216 million.

In accordance with the vision of the Ram temple trust, the temple stands not only as a religious symbol but also as an embodiment of self-reliance and environmental sustainability. Remarkably, the temple complex boasts a 70 percent green cover, incorporating dense sections adorned with preserved existing trees. The infrastructure further includes sewage and water treatment plants, a dedicated power line, and a strategically positioned fire brigade post.

Designed in the traditional Nagara style, the temple complex is a marvel with three stories, 392 pillars, and an impressive 44 gates on each floor. For the convenience of pilgrims, a facilitation complex has been incorporated, featuring healthcare facilities, a toilet block, and storage provisions for personal items before embarking on the revered ‘darshan.’

Anticipating the momentous occasion, Prime Minister Modi is scheduled to visit Ayodhya on December 30. During this visit, he will inaugurate the redeveloped railway station and unveil a new airport. In a significant move, Air India Express is set to initiate its inaugural flight from Delhi to Ayodhya on December 30, with daily services commencing from January 16. Additionally, IndiGo is following suit with its inaugural flight on December 30, commencing commercial services from January 6.

The celebration of this auspicious event extends beyond national borders, as the Ram Temple Trust has extended invitations to political leaders, actors, industrialists, and sports icons. The trust is also gearing up to host representatives from 50 foreign countries, adding a global touch to the grand inauguration ceremony, which is expected to be attended by a gathering of 7,000 people.

In the words of the Ram Temple Trust, “The temple is not just a place of worship; it symbolizes a harmonious blend of spirituality and sustainability. We invite the world to witness this historic moment in Ayodhya, as we open the doors to the monumental Ram Mandir, a testament to our rich cultural heritage and architectural prowess.”

India’s Modi hosts Christian leaders for Christmas amid rising persecution

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, leader of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), hosted over 100 Christian leaders from all denominations at his official residence on Christmas morning amid criticism for the continued persecution of Christians in India.

Several Catholic leaders, including Cardinal Oswald Gracias of Mumbai and Delhi Archbishop Anil Couto, who were seated on either side of Modi during the event, were in attendance.

The archbishop of the Syro-Malabar Church, Kuriakose Bharanikulangara, and Bishop Thomas mar Anthonios of the Syro-Malankara Church also joined bishops of different denominations and Christian leaders from different walks of life at the gathering.

Asked to comment on the meeting with the prime minister, considering the uptick in attacks on Christians in the country, Bharanikulangara told CNA: “Everybody knows what is happening … But when the prime minister invites [us], how can we decline?”

“It is for the prime minister to show that he is really concerned about the Christians,” said Bharanikulangara, a former Vatican diplomat.

“Christmas is an occasion to remember Jesus Christ’s life’s message and values,” Modi said, addressing the gathering of Christian leaders that included academicians and Christian businessmen from across the country. The prime minister went on to hail the service of the Christians, saying: “The nation proudly acknowledges the contribution of the Christian community.”

“Our government is ensuring that the benefits of development reach everyone and no one is left untouched,” Modi said, adding that many people of the Christian faith, especially poor segments, are benefitting from his government’s welfare programs.

Among several Christians who spoke during the two-hour program was Cardinal Gracias, who thanked Modi for his “efforts” on behalf of the country, the Christian community, and the world.

“Our country could be the leading country in the world,” Gracias said, according to an ANI report.

However, several Christians said they were skeptical about the motivation behind Modi’s Christmas meeting and his failure to address the steadily worsening persecution that has taken place in nearly a decade of Modi rule.

“This [Christmas celebration] is a political gimmick and image-making by Prime Minister Modi ahead of the next elections,” A C Michael, an outspoken Catholic activist, told CNA.

“We are concerned over the silence of Prime Minister Modi, who praises Christian service publicly but does nothing to stop the increasing violence and persecution of Christians,” pointed out Michael, coordinator of the United Christian Forum (UCF), which monitors atrocities and incidents of persecution against Christians.

UCF published a report Dec. 8 recording 687 incidents of violence against Christians in 334 days of 2023 (from the start of the year to the end of November). The report further said that while only 147 incidents of violence against Christians were reported in 2014 (when the BJP regime under Modi came to power), the incidents steadily spiraled to reach 687 by November’s end.

Armed with this data, Michael along with Catholic activist John Dayal and Supreme Court lawyer Sister Mary Scaria addressed a news conference with secular activists on Dec. 28 in New Delhi on the Modi government’s “Lunch Diplomacy and Christian Persecution.”

“The prime minister is not only free but duty-bound to embrace the nation’s religious minorities and invite their leaders to functions at his house on Christmas. … But the Christmas spirit must not let us forget the condition and tribulations of our brothers and sisters who suffer because of government impunity and the brazen political elements who have no respect for the constitution of India and its guarantees of freedoms to the citizens,” the Catholic leaders lamented in their press statement.

“The persecution of the community is rampant, hate towards it from the highest quarters of nationalist religious leadership as deep as it can be,” they decried.

“The government seems keen to starve it [Christianity] out of existence by withdrawing the FCRAs [license to receive foreign donations] of a vast number of churches and its NGOs [nongovernmental organizations], and using the investigating agencies against cardinals and bishops, pastors and laypeople. In UP [Uttar Pradesh], for instance, over 100 pastors and even ordinary men and women are in jail under charges of illegal conversions when celebrating birthdays or conducting Sunday prayers,” the statement said.

Dayal, former president of All India Catholic Union, dubbed Modi’s Christmas hosting of Christian leadership as “just an eyewash to impress the Christians.”

“The prime minister has made a mockery of the pains of the Christian community by remaining silent and [was] not bothered to even visit bleeding Manipur,” Dayal told CNA Dec. 29.

“If he was concerned about peace and safety of the hounded Christians, he could have taken stern preemptive action to curb and stop the Manipur violence,” Dayal added.

Beginning in May, Manipur state in northeast India, which borders Myanmar, has witnessed a protracted violent ethnic clash between the majority Meiteis, most of them Hindus, and the minority Kuki tribals (almost all of them Christians).

St Paul's Church in Imphal capital of Manipur state after the church was set on fire in 2023 Credit Anto Akkara
St. Paul’s Church, in Imphal, capital of Manipur state, after the church was set on fire in 2023. Credit: Anto Akkara

Among the nearly 200 killed and over 60,000 displaced in Manipur, the overwhelming majority are Kukis who have been chased out from Meitei strongholds, such as the Imphal Valley, in the simmering violence.

Media and independent investigators have blamed the BJP-led state government’s condoning of the violence by Meitei groups that have also destroyed or damaged more than 600 churches.

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