Category: India

An analysis of voter data from the recently concluded Maharashtra assembly elections of 2024 has revealed a mismatch between the number of votes polled and those counted in 95 out of the state’s 288 constituencies. These discrepancies have reignited concerns over electoral transparency and data accuracy in India’s democratic process.

According to data from the Election Commission of India (ECI), the final voter turnout for the election was recorded at 66.05%, translating to 64,088,195 votes cast—split among 33,437,057 male voters, 30,649,318 female voters, and 1,820 others. When postal votes amounting to 538,225 are included, the total number of votes polled stands at 64,626,420. However, the ECI’s official tally of votes counted on the day of results was 64,592,508—a shortfall of 33,912 votes.

The inconsistencies manifest in two ways: in 19 constituencies, the number of votes counted exceeded the total of votes polled and postal ballots, while in 76 constituencies, the counted votes fell short. For example, in the Loha constituency, 154 more votes were counted than the total number polled. Conversely, in the Nipad constituency, there was a shortfall of 2,587 votes in the counted total.

These mismatches echo concerns raised during the May 2024 Lok Sabha elections, when discrepancies were observed between voter turnout data and Form 17C, which records the number of votes polled at individual polling stations. At the time, the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) filed a petition with the Supreme Court seeking the release of polling station-level voter turnout data within 48 hours of each phase of voting. The ADR argued that delays and inconsistencies could erode trust in the electoral process. However, the Supreme Court declined the plea, citing logistical challenges and concerns raised by the ECI about potential misuse of such data.

The ECI defended its stance, arguing that Form 17C data, while available to candidates’ agents, is not intended for public dissemination. The Court agreed, stating that there was no statutory obligation to make this data public and that doing so could lead to unnecessary administrative burdens.

Amid the ongoing election controversy, Shiv Sena (UBT) MP Priyanka Chaturvedi has raised questions about the discrepancies, calling on the ECI to provide a clear explanation. In response, The Wire has reached out to the ECI for clarification, promising updates once a response is received.

The data discrepancies in the Maharashtra elections have once again spotlighted the need for transparency in electoral processes. While the ECI attributes these mismatches to the reconciliation process, critics argue that the persistent issues suggest a need for more robust data collection and verification mechanisms. The lack of publicly available polling station-level data, as highlighted in the ADR’s previous petition, makes it difficult for independent entities to verify vote counts and address public concerns.

The inconsistencies do not appear to be linked to any specific political party or the outcomes of the elections. For example, in the Maval constituency, a discrepancy of 2,012 votes was noted. The total votes polled on November 20 were 280,319, and the postal votes added up to 774, making a total of 281,093. However, the ECI reported the total votes counted as 279,081, leaving a shortfall of 2,012 votes.

In contrast, the Loha constituency presented a surplus. Here, the votes polled on the same date amounted to 226,837, with 2,900 postal votes, bringing the total to 229,737. Yet, the final tally reported by the ECI was 229,891, showing an excess of 154 votes.

These irregularities could result from various factors, such as human errors in data entry, technical glitches in handling Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) slips, or clerical mistakes during reconciliation. Regardless of the cause, such issues highlight the importance of transparency and rigorous auditing procedures in maintaining public trust in electoral systems.

To address public skepticism, the ECI could consider releasing more granular data wherever possible and conducting thorough investigations into reported discrepancies. Proactive communication and increased transparency are vital to bolstering confidence in India’s democratic framework.

The ECI has previously acknowledged the challenges in ensuring perfect accuracy in vote counting. For instance, it stated that discrepancies could arise if mock poll data is not cleared from an EVM’s control unit before polling begins or if results fail to display correctly due to technical malfunctions. Moreover, mismatches between Form 17C data and EVM records could lead to confusion, compounded by human error in clerical or typing tasks.

In its official clarification regarding these issues, the Maharashtra Chief Electoral Office emphasized that the total votes polled, including postal ballots, amounted to 64,626,420, while the total votes counted were 64,592,508. The office further explained that discrepancies in certain constituencies occurred due to established protocols. For example, in cases where EVM data was compromised or mismatched, VVPAT slips from affected polling stations were not counted if the winning margin was higher than the total votes polled in those stations.

The Chief Electoral Office also addressed reports alleging significant vote differences in two constituencies—Ashti and Osmanabad. It clarified that in Ashti, a total of 5,013 postal votes were polled, of which 475 were rejected, leaving 4,538 valid postal votes. Similarly, in Osmanabad, 4,330 postal votes were cast, with 175 rejected, resulting in 4,155 valid votes.

Despite these explanations, the persistence of discrepancies highlights the need for reforms in India’s electoral system. Increased data transparency, rigorous auditing, and improved communication channels are necessary to prevent such issues in future elections. As public trust forms the bedrock of democracy, addressing these concerns is not just desirable but essential.

The 2024 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) reveals stark realities about poverty, with 1.1 billion people across 112 countries experiencing acute deprivation. India tops the list globally, with 234 million people living in poverty, as reported by the United Nations Development Programme and Oxford’s Poverty and Human Development Initiative. The MPI measures poverty through ten indicators covering health, education, and living standards, mapping deprivation profiles for households across the globe.

Another concerning report, the 2024 Global Hunger Index, ranks India 105th out of 127 countries, labeling the nation’s hunger level as “serious” with a score of 27.3. This raises significant questions about the root causes of poverty and hunger in India, necessitating a shift in perspective to address these pressing issues.

A long-standing issue in Indian governance is black money—illegally acquired income that remains untaxed. Politicians, with a few exceptions, frequently discuss black money yet fail to address its root causes. “As long as there is a criminal-political-bureaucratic-rich nexus in the country, none can solve the problem of Black Money,” underscores the report. This systemic corruption sustains the cycle of wealth inequality and stifles economic progress.

Indian funds in Swiss banks reached a 14-year high in 2021, with 3.83 billion Swiss francs (about 305 billion rupees) deposited by Indian individuals and companies. These deposits have continued to grow, with Russia’s deposits trailing far behind. It’s a “bitter reality” that highlights the volume of Indian black money held securely in Swiss accounts. This situation prompts a stark assertion: “India is a very rich country with economically deprived people.” This contrast raises critical questions: if India is wealthy, where is the wealth concentrated? Why are currency notes worth crores uncovered during election seasons? Recently, unaccounted cash was seized in Maharashtra, further spotlighting the ongoing problem of black money.

A Kotak Wealth Management study estimates that India has approximately 65,000 super-rich households, with a combined wealth of around 45 trillion rupees (US$1 trillion), anticipated to rise to 235 trillion rupees (US$5.3 trillion) in the coming years. Wealthy industrialists, corrupt politicians, and dishonest bureaucrats have stashed away significant funds in foreign accounts. An alarming trend of Indian tourists in Switzerland also points to this illicit flow; in 2023, Indians recorded over 600,000 overnight stays in Swiss hotels, a number expected to reach 900,000 in five years. “Demand from India is growing exponentially,” notes Switzerland Tourism CEO Martin Nydegger. An official monitoring these transactions suspects this surge correlates with the movement of black money.

The persistence of black money abroad erodes the Indian economy, depriving it of wealth essential for growth. Some experts argue that the existence of tax havens facilitates this capital outflow from developing nations to richer nations, framing it as a conspiracy. By supporting tax havens, they assert, developed nations exacerbate capital flight from economically vulnerable countries, weakening their domestic economies.

Wealth disparity is not confined to corporate sectors in India. Religious institutions, too, boast substantial assets. Temples adorned with gold and diamonds, luxurious mosques, marble-built Sikh and Jain temples, and multi-crore ashrams are becoming more common. This competition among religious groups mirrors corporate infrastructure, indicating another dimension of wealth disparity. “Unequal distribution of wealth and unaccounted money are the real causes for poverty and the presence of the economically backward and marginalized people in India,” the article suggests, with blame placed on self-serving corporate interests, unprincipled politicians, corrupt bureaucrats, and influential religious leaders.

In India, the links between politicians, bureaucrats, and corporations facilitate an extensive network of illegal wealth preservation. Regardless of political affiliation, the media regularly reports on multi-crore rupee transactions involving public officials. The rapid financial growth of certain members of the Legislative Assembly or Parliament often raises questions: “How does a simple MLA or MP or a government official earn crores of rupees within a short period?” This accumulation of wealth among public officials highlights systemic corruption, especially when well-connected individuals enjoy privileges even while imprisoned. Money power sustains their influence, which leaves the common citizens sidelined.

The Indian government has enacted several laws to counter black money and corruption, yet these laws rarely deliver tangible results. Notable laws include The Fugitive Economic Offenders Act (2018), The Central Goods and Services Tax Act (2017), The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act (2016), The Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act (2015), and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (2002). These laws aim to curb illicit wealth; however, their impact remains largely confined to paper. The irony lies in the existence of these laws amidst ongoing illegal transactions and unaccounted wealth held domestically and abroad.

Renowned Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore’s words reflect the collective hope for change: “This is my prayer to thee, my Lord… give me the strength never to disown the poor… and help me to build a country where the mind is without fear and the head is held high and where the people are not broken up into fragments of narrow domestic walls of disparities and discriminations.” Beyond this sentiment, the article emphasizes the responsibility of every citizen to pursue personal transformation and actively participate in enforcing existing laws to combat black money and corruption.

On Wednesday, October 23, 2024, Congress general secretary Priyanka Gandhi Vadra officially entered the political arena by filing her nomination for the Wayanad Lok Sabha bypoll. Accompanied by prominent leaders including her mother, Sonia Gandhi, her brother, Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha Rahul Gandhi, Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge, her husband Robert Vadra, and other national and state Congress leaders, Priyanka made her move in what could be a significant political event for the Congress party.

Before filing her nomination papers, Priyanka led a massive roadshow through Kalpetta in Wayanad. The roadshow began around 11:45 a.m. and gathered considerable public attention as it proceeded through the town. It was a key part of her electoral campaign for the bypoll. Alongside her were her brother Rahul, her husband Robert Vadra, one of their children, as well as senior leaders from the All India Congress Committee (AICC) and United Democratic Front (UDF).

The enthusiasm among supporters was palpable as thousands gathered to witness the spectacle, with party workers and UDF leaders joining in the march. This show of strength aimed to garner support for Priyanka’s candidacy in Wayanad, a constituency that had become vacant after her brother, Rahul Gandhi, decided to step down after also winning from Rae Bareli. The bypoll has thus opened the door for Priyanka’s entry into active electoral politics.

Addressing the crowd after the roadshow, Priyanka shared memories of her early involvement in politics. She recalled how she began campaigning in 1989, at the young age of 17, to support her father, the late Rajiv Gandhi. She expressed her gratitude and sense of privilege in being chosen to represent the people of Wayanad. “It is an honour for me to represent the people of Wayanad. I have been touched by the courage and resilience displayed by the people, especially during the devastating landslides that hit the district,” she said in her speech, striking a chord with her audience.

Following Priyanka’s speech, her brother Rahul Gandhi also took to the stage to speak to the public. Rahul, who had represented the Wayanad constituency in the 2019 elections and retained his seat until 2024, expressed his belief in Priyanka’s ability to serve the people of Wayanad well. “Once my sister wins, the people of Wayanad will have two MPs,” he said, referring to the continued support he would provide to the region, even though he is no longer the official representative.

“I will be the unofficial MP of the people of Wayanad,” Rahul Gandhi added, emphasizing his connection to the constituency and his commitment to its people. He appealed to the crowd to take care of his sister and vote for her in the bypoll, making it clear that the family and the Congress party were fully behind her candidacy.

Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge also offered his support to Priyanka during the event. Kharge praised Priyanka’s dedication to the people of Wayanad, noting that she was not there just to file her nomination, but to stand up as a “relentless champion” for the people of the district. “Bless her, and she will deliver the results,” Kharge urged the crowd, reinforcing the message of confidence in Priyanka’s potential as a representative.

After the public address and roadshow, Priyanka proceeded to the Wayanad Collectorate to submit her official nomination papers to District Collector D.R. Meghashree. This marked the formal beginning of her electoral contest in the constituency, which is expected to be a closely watched race.

The roadshow in Kalpetta was a significant political event in its own right, as it showcased the strength of the Congress party in Wayanad and the support Priyanka Gandhi Vadra has within the party. Thousands of supporters lined the streets, and it was clear that the Congress had pulled out all the stops to make this event a success. Leaders from the UDF and Congress were seen alongside her, boosting the morale of the party’s workers and supporters.

Priyanka’s arrival in Wayanad took place the night before, on Tuesday, October 22. She and her mother, Sonia Gandhi, reached Sulthan Bathery in Wayanad around 9 p.m., in preparation for the nomination filing. They were joined by Congress chief Mallikarjun Kharge and chief ministers from a few Congress-ruled states, who were all in Wayanad to support Priyanka in her roadshow and nomination process.

The Wayanad bypoll is seen as a crucial moment for the Congress party, particularly with Priyanka Gandhi Vadra being the latest member of the influential Gandhi family to make her electoral debut. She joins a long line of Gandhis who have contested elections, and this bypoll is viewed as a significant step in her political career.

However, the bypoll will not be an uncontested race. Priyanka will face stiff competition from candidates of other major political parties. The main contenders are Sathyan Mokeri from the Left Democratic Front (LDF) and Navya Haridas from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Both candidates are expected to present a challenge to Priyanka, making this an intense battle for the seat.

Rahul Gandhi, who has been a strong advocate for Priyanka’s candidacy, took to social media to express his confidence in his sister. On Tuesday, he posted on X, stating, “The people of Wayanad hold a special place in my heart, and I can’t imagine a better representative for them than my sister, @priyankagandhi. I’m confident she will be a passionate champion of Wayanad’s needs and a powerful voice in Parliament.” His message further highlighted the significance of Priyanka’s candidacy, not just for the Gandhi family but for the Congress party as a whole.

As the Wayanad bypoll campaign moves forward, all eyes will be on Priyanka Gandhi Vadra and her ability to mobilize support in the constituency. With the backing of top Congress leaders and her family, her entry into electoral politics could mark the beginning of a new chapter for both her and the Congress party in Kerala.

India is one of the five countries globally with the highest number of people living in acute poverty, according to a new report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI). The report revealed that 1.1 billion people around the world live in severe poverty, with more than half of them being children.

The recently updated Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was published on Thursday by UNDP in collaboration with OPHI, based at the University of Oxford. It highlighted that a staggering 1.1 billion people are experiencing acute poverty across the globe. Around 40 percent of these individuals live in countries that are plagued by war, conflict, or low levels of peace, based on at least one of three commonly used conflict-related datasets.

India, which ranks in the medium category on the Human Development Index (HDI), has 234 million people living in poverty, making it one of the five countries with the largest populations of impoverished individuals. The other countries on this list include Pakistan, where 93 million people live in poverty; Ethiopia, with 86 million; Nigeria, with 74 million; and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with 66 million. All of these nations, except India, are classified as having low HDI rankings.

Together, these five nations account for nearly half, or 48.1 percent, of the 1.1 billion people who are considered poor worldwide, the report stated.

Additionally, the report emphasized the devastating impact of conflict on poverty levels, stating, “A staggering 455 million of the world’s poor live in countries exposed to violent conflict, which is hindering and even reversing hard-won progress to reduce poverty.”

Achim Steiner, UNDP Administrator, noted that the consequences of conflict have grown worse in recent years. “Conflicts have intensified and multiplied in recent years, reaching new highs in casualties, displacing record millions of people, and causing widespread disruption to lives and livelihoods,” Steiner said. He added, “Our new research shows that of the 1.1 billion people living in multidimensional poverty, almost half a billion live in countries exposed to violent conflict. We must accelerate action to support them.”

Steiner also called for more resources to address the crisis, urging, “We need resources and access for specialized development and early recovery interventions to help break the cycle of poverty and crisis.”

One of the most alarming aspects of the report is that over half of those living in poverty are children. Of the 1.1 billion poor individuals, 584 million are minors, meaning that 27.9 percent of children globally are in poverty, compared to 13.5 percent of adults.

The MPI report provided further insights into the daily struggles of those living in poverty. A significant number of impoverished people lack access to basic necessities such as sanitation, housing, and clean cooking fuel. According to the report, 828 million poor people live without adequate sanitation, 886 million live in inadequate housing, and 998 million lack clean cooking fuel. Additionally, 637 million poor individuals live in households where at least one member is undernourished.

The situation is particularly dire in certain regions. In South Asia, 272 million poor people live in households where at least one person is undernourished. Similarly, in Sub-Saharan Africa, 256 million individuals face this same hardship.

The report also revealed a stark urban-rural divide when it comes to poverty. A vast majority—83.7 percent—of poor individuals live in rural areas, which means that across all regions, people in rural areas are far more likely to live in poverty compared to their urban counterparts. Globally, 28 percent of the rural population is poor, compared to just 6.6 percent of those living in urban areas.

The MPI data also showed that 218 million people, or 19 percent of those in poverty, live in countries that have been affected by war. Nearly 40 percent of poor people worldwide—approximately 455 million—reside in countries experiencing war, fragility, or low levels of peacefulness. The report cited at least one of three widely accepted definitions of conflict to reach these conclusions.

In war-affected countries, poverty rates are much higher compared to those in nations that have not experienced significant conflict. For example, the report noted that the poverty rate in countries affected by conflict is 34.8 percent, which is significantly higher than the 10.9 percent rate found in nations not affected by war or only experiencing minor conflicts. Moreover, in fragile or low-peacefulness nations, the incidence of poverty is more than double that of more stable countries.

The 2024 MPI report stands out for its focus on the relationship between conflict and poverty. It presents original statistical research on poverty in 112 countries, covering 6.3 billion people globally. The report also includes a detailed analysis of how conflict affects poverty and well-being.

It is important to note that due to data limitations, the global MPI was measured over a ten-year period from 2012 to 2023. This extended period was used to ensure the creation of a comparable index for global poverty levels and trends. Despite these limitations, the report provides valuable insights into the ongoing challenge of eradicating poverty worldwide.

The findings of this report come at a critical time, as international efforts to alleviate poverty are facing setbacks due to increasing conflicts, displacement, and economic hardships in many regions. The report’s call for immediate action highlights the urgency of addressing the cycle of poverty, especially in countries most affected by war and conflict.

As the world continues to grapple with multiple crises, including economic instability, the global community will need to focus its efforts on supporting vulnerable populations and providing the resources necessary for sustainable development. Only by addressing the root causes of poverty—such as conflict, inequality, and lack of access to essential services—can progress be made toward reducing poverty and improving the lives of millions of people worldwide.

The 2024 Global Hunger Index (GHI) highlights a shocking reality about hunger in India: the country’s undernourished population, which is approximately 200 million people, would be comparable to the population of Brazil, ranking as the seventh largest country in the world. This means that around 14% of India’s total population is undernourished, an alarming statistic that casts doubt on the country’s ability to ensure basic food and nutrition for its people. The GHI, in its 19th edition, uses comprehensive data to determine global hunger levels, and in India’s case, it specifically relies on data from the Sample Registration System (SRS) statistical reports. These reports are published annually by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation and include essential information on births, deaths, and both infant and maternal mortality rates. Other contributing data sources are the Ministry of Women and Child Development and NITI Aayog.

The 2024 GHI analyzed 127 countries, with rankings ranging from “low” to “extremely alarming.” India was classified as “serious,” ranking 105th with a score of 27.3. However, some argue that the situation in India could be seen as “extremely alarming” when considering other relevant factors, including the systemic failure to provide adequate food and nutrition. The GHI underscores how critical food security is for realizing the so-called “demographic dividend,” a term frequently used to describe India’s young and rapidly growing population as an economic asset. However, the inability to meet basic nutritional needs severely undermines this potential.

India, which was the fastest-growing economy in 2024, achieved a growth rate of 6.8% with an estimated GDP close to $4 trillion, making it the fifth largest economy globally. Despite this, the country’s per capita income of $2,485 was less than a quarter of the global average of $13,920 as of 2022. This vast income inequality plays a significant role in the varied disposable incomes across the country, which affects access to basic necessities like food. Food inflation, in particular, has surged dramatically between 2022 and 2024, rising from 3.8% to 7.5%. This inflation disproportionately impacts the poor, making it even harder for vulnerable populations to afford nutritious food.

The 2023-24 Economic Survey attributes the rise in food prices to several factors, including extreme weather events, low water reservoir levels, and damaged crops, all of which have negatively affected farm output. However, these challenges have coincided with one of India’s highest levels of food production, reaching 332 million tonnes in the 2023-24 period. The rise in food production was mainly driven by bumper harvests of rice and wheat, though pulses and vegetables were significantly affected by extreme weather conditions.

Despite high food production, India’s alarming infant mortality rate and child malnutrition statistics indicate severe shortcomings in its healthcare and social safety systems. In 2022, India’s infant mortality rate was 26 per 1,000 live births, which is close to the global average of 28 per 1,000. More troubling are the rates of child stunting and wasting, which stand at 35.5% and 18.7%, respectively. These figures reveal the extent to which India’s young children are affected by malnutrition, as stunting refers to children who are too short for their age, while wasting describes children who are too thin for their height.

These health indicators paint a dire picture of India’s food security and public health system, particularly when compared with global benchmarks. India’s struggle with child malnutrition has long been recognized, yet significant progress remains elusive. Experts point to various causes, including inadequate healthcare infrastructure, insufficient access to nutritious food, and systemic poverty, which continues to leave millions of children at risk of malnutrition-related complications.

Adding to the complexity of this crisis is the growing impact of climate change, which has already started to affect India’s food security. Extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves have become more frequent, disrupting crop cycles and threatening future food production. India’s ability to feed its population is becoming increasingly precarious as climate change continues to challenge its agricultural output and disrupt food supply chains.

Though India has seen impressive economic growth, the benefits of this growth have not been distributed equally across its population. Income inequality remains a significant issue, contributing to disparities in access to food and basic services. While the country’s overall wealth has increased, many Indians still struggle to meet their daily nutritional needs. This is especially true for those living in rural areas, where poverty rates are higher, and access to healthcare and nutritious food is more limited.

The rising costs of essential food items, driven by inflation, exacerbate the hunger crisis. With food inflation more than doubling between 2022 and 2024, many families find it increasingly difficult to afford nutritious meals. The Economic Survey’s acknowledgment of food inflation being driven by extreme weather and crop damage highlights the intersection of economic and environmental challenges that India faces in its quest for food security.

Despite the grim statistics, the Indian government has implemented various initiatives to combat hunger and malnutrition. Programs such as the Public Distribution System (PDS), which provides subsidized food to millions of low-income households, and the Midday Meal Scheme, aimed at providing nutritious meals to schoolchildren, are essential components of India’s food security strategy. However, the effectiveness of these programs has been questioned, particularly in reaching the most vulnerable populations and addressing the underlying causes of hunger.

India’s food security is further complicated by its rapid population growth. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion, the country must continuously increase its food production to meet rising demand. Yet, even with record-high food production levels, access to nutritious food remains a challenge for many, particularly those living in poverty. This paradox underscores the complexity of India’s hunger crisis, where the availability of food does not necessarily translate into equitable access.

The 2024 Global Hunger Index serves as a stark reminder of the challenges India faces in ensuring food security for its population. With roughly 200 million undernourished people, the country’s hunger crisis is not only a humanitarian concern but also a threat to its economic future. As income inequality persists, inflation rises, and climate change continues to affect agricultural output, India must address these systemic issues to protect its most vulnerable citizens from hunger and malnutrition. The failure to do so will have far-reaching consequences, not only for the health and well-being of its population but also for its long-term economic growth and stability.

The striking blue houses of Brahmapuri in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, have drawn travelers from around the globe for years, symbolizing the city’s unique heritage. However, these iconic homes are slowly losing their distinct blue hue and charm, raising concerns among locals and historians alike.

Brahmapuri is nestled at the base of the famous Mehrangarh Fort, constructed in 1459 by Rajput ruler Rao Jodha. This ancient fortified area, sheltered by the fort’s imposing shadow, is recognized as the old city of Jodhpur. The distinguishing feature of Brahmapuri has always been its azure-colored houses, although, according to Esther Christine Schmidt, assistant professor at Jindal School of Art and Architecture, the blue color likely wasn’t introduced before the 17th Century.

These blue houses have long been a marker of Jodhpur’s identity. Despite modern developments over the past 70 years, the area continues to be the heart of the ‘Blue City,’ says Sunayana Rathore, the curator of Mehrangarh Museum. The term ‘Brahmapuri’ itself translates to “the town of Brahmins” in Sanskrit, as it was established as a colony for upper-caste Brahmin families. The color blue was adopted as a symbol of purity and piety within the Hindu caste system, setting them apart from other social groups.

Rathore draws a comparison to the blue city of Chefchaouen in Morocco, where Jews fleeing the Spanish Inquisition in the 15th Century settled. Much like Brahmapuri, the Jewish settlers in Chefchaouen painted their homes, mosques, and public offices blue, a color believed to represent divine skies in Judaism. The blue tint of both cities became more than just a religious or cultural statement; it also served practical purposes. In Jodhpur, for instance, the mixture of blue paint with limestone plaster cooled the interiors and helped keep the homes pleasant in the hot climate. Furthermore, the striking color began to draw tourists eager to experience Brahmapuri’s unique architectural beauty.

However, in contrast to Chefchaouen, Brahmapuri’s blue houses are now fading. Various factors have contributed to this shift. Historically, blue paint was made from natural indigo, a crop that was once abundant in Rajasthan, with Bayana town being one of India’s major centers for indigo production. Over time, though, indigo farming declined due to its detrimental impact on the soil. Additionally, increasing temperatures have made it difficult for the blue paint to regulate indoor temperatures effectively, leading many residents to switch to modern cooling appliances like air conditioners.

“Temperatures have risen gradually over the years,” notes Udit Bhatia, assistant professor of civil engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar. Bhatia, who studies resilience infrastructure and climate change, mentions that a trend analysis conducted by his institute shows that Jodhpur’s average temperature has climbed from 37.5°C in the 1950s to 38.5°C by 2016. The blue paint, once a solution to the intense heat, is no longer as effective. Furthermore, Bhatia highlights that blue paint traditionally contained copper sulfate, which acted as a pest repellent. This antifouling agent was a popular component in paints during the 20th Century, but newer materials have replaced such elements in modern homes.

Urbanization is another contributor to the fading blue hue. As Jodhpur expands, newer building techniques, which prioritize materials like cement and concrete over lime plaster, have replaced traditional methods. These modern materials do not absorb blue pigment as well as lime, further contributing to the diminishing use of blue in Brahmapuri. Bhatia remarks that while urbanization isn’t inherently bad, it often leads to the abandonment of older, well-designed systems that complemented the environment. He adds, “Yesterday, if someone was walking down an alley in Jodhpur with blue homes on either side, and today they are walking down the same alley where the homes are now painted in a darker colour, even the lightest breeze will make them feel hotter than what they felt earlier.”

This phenomenon, known as the heat island effect, amplifies the impact of rising temperatures. Darker-colored buildings made from cement, glass, and concrete reflect heat back into the environment, worsening the heat’s effects. This is in stark contrast to traditional lime plaster homes, which would have kept the interiors cooler.

For some residents, the shift away from blue is driven by practical considerations. Aditya Dave, a 29-year-old civil engineer from Brahmapuri, mentions that his 300-year-old family home remains mostly blue. However, the cost of maintaining the blue color has increased dramatically. “Repainting houses blue would cost around 5,000 rupees ($60; £45) up until a decade ago, while today, it would be more than 30,000 rupees,” he explains. With rising expenses and scarce indigo, many residents opt for more affordable alternatives, such as tiled facades that don’t require frequent repainting. Dave himself chose tiles when he built his new house in Brahmapuri five years ago, emphasizing cost-effectiveness over tradition.

The gradual disappearance of Brahmapuri’s blue homes is a disappointment to tourists and heritage enthusiasts alike. Deepak Soni, a local garments seller who has collaborated with authorities to preserve Brahmapuri’s blue identity, feels that the city is losing an essential part of its heritage. “We should feel embarrassed that when someone comes looking for the homes that formed the identity of our city, they don’t find them. So many foreigners compare Jodhpur to Chefchaouen. If Chefchaouen has managed to keep their homes blue for centuries, why can’t we?” he asks.

Soni has been actively working to reverse this trend. In 2018, he negotiated with local authorities and communities to save the blue heritage of Brahmapuri. His efforts include raising funds from Brahmapuri residents to repaint the outer walls of 500 homes blue every year. Since 2019, he has convinced nearly 3,000 homeowners to return to the traditional blue for their homes’ outer walls and roofs. “So that at least when someone takes a picture in Brahmapuri, the background appears blue,” he explains.

Currently, Soni estimates that roughly half of the 33,000 homes in Brahmapuri remain blue. He is working with local officials and lawmakers on a plan to apply lime plaster to more houses, enabling them to be painted blue once again.

Soni believes that preserving Brahmapuri’s blue heritage is not just about aesthetics but about pride in the city’s history. “Why will people from outside Jodhpur care about our city if we don’t care about its heritage, and do something to save it?” he asks.

For Jodhpur’s residents and tourists alike, the fading blue walls of Brahmapuri signal a deeper challenge: how to maintain cultural heritage in the face of modernization, rising costs, and environmental changes. Whether the blue city will regain its signature hue remains uncertain, but efforts to preserve its charm continue.

India has recalled its envoy to Canada, along with other diplomatic staff, following allegations from the Canadian government linking Indian agents to a series of criminal activities. These accusations include claims of involvement in homicides, extortion, and violent acts on Canadian soil. The Canadian police suggested that the crimes particularly targeted supporters of the Khalistan movement, which advocates for a separate Sikh homeland in India.

The police did not directly confirm whether these agents were involved in the murder of Sikh separatist leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar in June 2023. However, the Canadian government, led by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, alleged that they have credible evidence of Indian agents’ involvement in Nijjar’s killing, a claim that has fueled a significant diplomatic rift between the two nations.

India has staunchly denied the allegations, dismissing them as “preposterous” and a part of Trudeau’s political agenda. In response, Delhi recalled its diplomatic staff from Canada, a move that further deepened the tensions between the two countries. A statement from India’s Ministry of External Affairs expressed strong discontent with Canada’s accusations and alluded to potential further retaliatory measures.

“India now reserves the right to take further steps in response to these latest efforts of the Canadian government to concoct allegations against Indian diplomats,” the ministry stated. It also defended Sanjay Kumar Verma, the Indian High Commissioner to Canada, referring to his “distinguished career spanning 36 years” and calling Canada’s accusations against him “ludicrous” and deserving “contempt.”

The tensions between Canada and India have been escalating since September 2023, when Prime Minister Trudeau first announced in Canada’s parliament that the country’s intelligence had linked Indian agents to Nijjar’s killing. Trudeau declared the assassination a violation of Canada’s sovereignty and demanded India’s accountability. Since then, relations between the two nations have significantly deteriorated, with India responding by demanding that Canada withdraw several of its diplomatic personnel.

On Monday, India’s foreign ministry responded sharply to the continuing allegations from Canada. The ministry described Trudeau’s remarks as politically motivated and part of his broader agenda, further straining the relationship between the two countries. Although no specific details about further actions were provided, the statement hinted at India’s intent to pursue additional measures if the allegations persisted.

“We have no faith in the current Canadian government’s commitment to ensure their security. Therefore, the government of India has decided to withdraw the High Commissioner and other targeted diplomats and officials,” India’s Ministry of External Affairs said.

Meanwhile, the Canadian government did not immediately issue a formal response to India’s latest actions. However, Stuart Wheeler, Canada’s deputy head of mission in Delhi, was summoned by India’s External Affairs Ministry to address Canada’s accusations. During the meeting, the ministry made it clear that the “baseless targeting” of Indian diplomats was unacceptable.

The accusations center on Hardeep Singh Nijjar, who was a prominent supporter of the Khalistan movement. Nijjar, a Sikh leader in British Columbia, was shot and killed outside the Sikh temple where he served as president. His assassination, which was carried out by two masked gunmen, was labeled by Canadian police as a “targeted attack.” The investigation has continued to dominate headlines in both Canada and India.

Nijjar had long advocated for the creation of a separate Sikh homeland in India, which is at the core of the Khalistan movement. While his supporters viewed him as a key figure in this movement, India labeled him a terrorist, accusing him of leading a militant separatist group. However, Nijjar’s backers have denied these accusations, describing them as unfounded.

Trudeau’s September announcement regarding Indian agents’ alleged involvement in Nijjar’s killing caused a rapid escalation of tensions. India rejected all accusations outright, asserting that no evidence had been presented to substantiate Canada’s claims. The diplomatic spat led to a series of retaliatory measures, including India suspending visa services for Canadians and requesting the reduction of Canadian diplomatic staff in the country.

The situation appeared to improve briefly when India resumed visa services for Canadian citizens in October 2023, suggesting that the icy relations between the two nations might be warming. However, last week, Canadian Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly characterized the relationship between the two countries as “tense” and “very difficult.” She also warned of the continued risk of further killings similar to Nijjar’s, underscoring the ongoing security concerns.

Joly’s remarks have added fuel to the fire in an already volatile diplomatic situation. Although India had expressed hope for a resolution, the recent developments indicate that both sides remain entrenched in their positions. For India, the accusations are seen as an affront to the country’s integrity and diplomatic standing, while Canada continues to press for a thorough investigation into Nijjar’s assassination.

In the wake of these ongoing tensions, the future of India-Canada relations remains uncertain. Both nations have much at stake, given their longstanding ties and mutual interests in trade, immigration, and security. While Canada has not publicly detailed the evidence it claims to have against India, the allegations have prompted global scrutiny and put a spotlight on the growing friction between the two nations.

In the meantime, the withdrawal of India’s High Commissioner, Sanjay Kumar Verma, and other diplomatic staff signals a significant escalation in the dispute. This move suggests that India is preparing for a prolonged diplomatic conflict unless a resolution is reached.

As the situation develops, both countries will need to navigate the sensitive geopolitical implications of this dispute. With Canada reiterating concerns over future targeted attacks and India defending its diplomats, the prospect of reconciliation appears distant. Yet, the importance of maintaining diplomatic relations, especially given the vast Indian diaspora in Canada, remains a crucial factor in any potential resolution.

For now, India has taken a firm stance, recalling its diplomats and signaling that it is willing to take further measures if necessary. As global attention continues to focus on this escalating feud, the next steps from both sides will be closely watched by the international community.

Jammu and Kashmir Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha extended an invitation to Chief Minister-designate Omar Abdullah to form the next government in the Union Territory on October 16, 2024, in Srinagar. Abdullah, representing the National Conference (NC), will take office at the Sher-i-Kashmir International Conference Centre (SKICC) during a formal ceremony.

In an official letter addressed to Abdullah, L-G Sinha wrote, “I am pleased to invite you to form and lead the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. As separately settled, I shall administer Oath of Office and Secrecy to you, and to those recommended by you for induction as members of your Council of Ministers, at SKICC, Srinagar on 16 October, 2024, at 11:30 a.m.” Sinha further extended his best wishes to Abdullah, expressing hope for “a highly productive tenure and success in your endeavours in the best interest of the people of Jammu and Kashmir.”

Sinha also confirmed that he received an official communication from National Conference (NC) president Dr. Farooq Abdullah on October 11. The letter stated that Omar Abdullah had been unanimously chosen as the leader of the party’s legislature. Omar Abdullah’s ascension to this role was supported not only by his party members but also by a broad coalition of political entities within the region. L-G Sinha received letters of support from prominent figures such as J&K Pradesh Congress Committee President Tariq Hameed Karra, CPI(M) Secretary G. N. Malik, Aam Aadmi Party National Secretary Pankaj Kumar Gupta, as well as five Independent Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). The independent legislators who pledged their support include Payare Lal Sharma, Satish Sharma, Ch. Mohd. Akram, Dr. Rameshwar Singh, and Muzafar Iqbal Khan.

The NC secured 42 out of the 51 seats it contested in the J&K Assembly elections, providing the party with a robust foundation. With the additional support of Congress, CPI(M), the Aam Aadmi Party, and the Independent MLAs, the party now commands a total of 55 MLAs in the 90-member assembly. In contrast, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won 29 seats, primarily from the Jammu region.

Omar Abdullah, upon receiving the communication from the Principal Secretary to the L-G, confirmed that he had been formally invited to form the next government. His confirmation marks a significant moment for the region as it will be the first government formed since Jammu and Kashmir was downgraded from statehood, bifurcated into two Union Territories, and stripped of its special constitutional status under Article 370 in August 2019.

The L-G’s invitation followed an important legal step taken by the President of India. The President issued an order to end the central rule that had been in place in Jammu and Kashmir since the state’s reorganization. The order, issued under the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, effectively revoked the President’s Rule just before the Chief Minister’s appointment. The formal document read, “In exercise of the powers conferred by section 73 of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 (34 of 2019) read with articles 239 and 239A of the Constitution of India, the Order dated the 31st October, 2019, in relation to the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir shall stand revoked immediately before the appointment of the Chief Minister under section 54 of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.”

President’s Rule had been in place in J&K since August 5, 2019, when the central government abrogated Article 370, which provided special autonomy to the former state. With the revocation of the central rule, the path has been cleared for the re-establishment of an elected government in the Union Territory.

Meanwhile, prominent regional leaders expressed their support for the new government and highlighted the significance of this moment for the democratic process in Jammu and Kashmir. CPI(M) leader and legislator M.Y. Tarigami welcomed the upcoming formation of the government, stating that it would be a true representation of the will of the people of Jammu and Kashmir. “The President’s Rule is finally over. After years of political uncertainty and a suspended assembly since 2018, the time has come to revive the democratic process in J&K. There are challenges ahead but we are confident it will advocate for the rights of the people,” Tarigami said.

The end of President’s Rule and the establishment of a new government signals the resumption of political normalcy in Jammu and Kashmir after several years of governance directly from the central government. The region has been marked by significant political changes since 2019 when its special status was revoked and it was reorganized into two Union Territories – Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. The return to a democratically elected government represents a major step toward restoring political stability in the region.

The political landscape in Jammu and Kashmir, however, remains complex and divided. The NC, under Omar Abdullah’s leadership, will face various challenges, including the need to address concerns about the restoration of statehood, political rights, and economic development in the region. While the NC has a strong electoral mandate, it must navigate a fragmented political environment, with the BJP maintaining a solid presence, particularly in the Jammu region. The BJP’s focus on promoting a unified India without special constitutional privileges for any region stands in contrast to the NC’s long-standing advocacy for the autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir.

Omar Abdullah’s leadership and the new government’s approach to governance will be closely watched, both within the region and across the country. The revival of an elected government in Jammu and Kashmir provides hope to many that a more inclusive and democratic political process can return to the troubled region, but it also brings expectations of addressing longstanding issues that have affected its people.

In the immediate future, the key challenges for the incoming government will include addressing economic recovery, ensuring security, fostering communal harmony, and restoring faith in the democratic process. These challenges have only grown since the political upheaval in 2019, and many in the region are looking to the new government for tangible progress. Additionally, regional leaders are likely to push for the restoration of statehood, a significant issue that has remained unresolved since the reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir.

The new government will likely also focus on reviving economic growth, which has been impacted by years of political instability and security concerns. Ensuring that people in the region feel safe, fostering development, and addressing issues related to unemployment and infrastructure will be critical tasks for the new administration.

As the first elected government since the reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir, the new administration has the potential to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the region. However, it will face intense scrutiny as it embarks on this challenging journey.

The atmosphere in Haryana is filled with optimism as exit polls suggest a significant shift in political power, with the Congress expected to claim victory in the state, known for its sporting heroes. Among the jubilant voices is Vinesh Phogat, the renowned wrestler making her political debut, who shared her excitement following the exit poll results. “It is the very change that the people of Haryana were looking for,” she declared. Phogat, who is contesting the elections on a Congress ticket, expressed confidence in the outcome after exit polls forecast a comfortable win for her party.

According to the combined predictions of eight exit polls, the Congress is projected to win 55 out of Haryana’s 90 assembly seats, while the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is expected to secure only 26. While exit polls have been known to be inaccurate in the past—most notably in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections where the predictions were far from the actual results—the mood within the Congress camp remains upbeat, with many hopeful that this time the exit polls will be a reflection of the final outcome.

“It is a very happy day for the people of Haryana. Everyone has taken part in making this happen by voting in large numbers. The change that Haryana was looking for has been brought about by its people. It is the result of what people suffered over the last 10 years,” said Phogat, the Olympic athlete whose disqualification in the games had once left the nation heartbroken. Her entrance into the political arena has generated considerable attention, and her words echoed the broader sentiment of dissatisfaction with the incumbent BJP government.

The Congress appears to be continuing the momentum from its success in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, with exit polls suggesting that the party is now set to overthrow the BJP in Haryana. The BJP, which has held power in the state for the past decade, has dismissed accusations of anti-incumbency and insists that it will retain control. Despite these assurances, the exit polls paint a different picture.

Throughout its campaign, the Congress has described the BJP’s decade-long rule in Haryana as a “decade of pain,” pointing to what they see as years of mismanagement and neglect. Phogat emphasized this point in her remarks, attributing the predicted electoral success to the collective grievances of the state’s people. “The people through their vote have avenged the oppression that they have suffered in the last 10 years. They had pledged that they will avenge the BJP, and today they managed to do that. I thank the Congress party. Haryana is thanking the Congress,” said the 30-year-old Phogat, who is contesting the election from the Julana constituency.

As the exit poll results spark discussions about the future leadership of the state, attention has turned to who will be named as the Congress’s chief ministerial candidate. While speculation abounds, former Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda, who has been a prominent figure in Haryana politics, was cautious when asked about the matter. Hooda, 77, emphasized that the decision would be made by the party’s national leadership, stating, “Deciding the next Chief Minister is a call that the high command will take.”

Despite the optimistic outlook for the Congress, Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini of the BJP remains defiant, rejecting the predictions of the exit polls. Appearing confident in the face of what many interpret as a sign of his party’s decline, Saini is adamant that the BJP will secure a third term in office. “Haryana has seen the work we have done in the last ten years. We have rid Haryana of regionalism and dynastic politics. We are confident that the BJP will form the government in Haryana for the third time,” said Saini.

The BJP’s message throughout the campaign has been focused on the achievements of its government over the past decade. The party points to its efforts to unify the state and to break free from what it describes as the political dynasties that have long dominated Haryana’s political landscape. Saini’s confidence in the face of the exit polls is rooted in his belief that the BJP’s track record will ultimately sway voters in their favor.

However, the exit poll data suggests that many voters in Haryana are ready for a change. The projected outcome reflects a desire to move away from the BJP’s governance, with the Congress seen as the party most capable of addressing the state’s needs. Phogat’s candidacy has further boosted the Congress’s appeal, with her status as a beloved sports figure adding a new dimension to the party’s campaign.

Should the exit poll predictions hold true, the Congress’s victory in Haryana would mark a significant political shift in the state, ending a decade of BJP rule. For Vinesh Phogat, this moment represents more than just a political victory—it symbolizes a new chapter for the people of Haryana, a chapter driven by their own desire for change.

As Haryana waits for the official election results, the sense of anticipation is palpable. While exit polls have been wrong in the past, the people of Haryana seem ready to embrace the possibility of a Congress-led government. Whether this will come to fruition remains to be seen, but for now, the Congress and its supporters have every reason to be hopeful.

The BJP, on the other hand, will be looking to defy the odds and prove the exit polls wrong once again. As the election results draw near, both parties are preparing for the next stage of what has been a fiercely contested battle for control of Haryana’s political future.

The Congress party and its allies appear to be on the brink of a significant victory in the Haryana Assembly elections, according to a CVoter exit poll. The data indicates a full majority for the Congress in Haryana, while in Jammu and Kashmir, the Congress-National Conference alliance is projected to lead in a tight contest against the BJP.

The exit poll data for Jammu and Kashmir is based on 20,013 interviews conducted across all 90 Assembly constituencies. Similarly, in Haryana, the exit poll was carried out based on 13,817 interviews, covering all constituencies in the state. It is important to note that exit polls, though insightful, are not always accurate and can sometimes deliver unexpected results.

In Haryana, the Congress is projected to secure a comfortable majority, potentially winning between 50 and 58 seats in the 90-member Assembly. This is a significant improvement from its performance in the 2019 election, where the party managed to secure only 31 seats. On the other hand, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which had won 40 seats in the previous election and is aiming for a third consecutive victory in the state, is expected to see its numbers drop to 20-28 seats.

One of the main contributors to Congress’s rise in Haryana is the decline of the Jannayak Janta Party (JJP), which had won 10 seats in the last election. The exit poll suggests that the JJP may only secure 0-2 seats this time, reflecting a steep decline in its support base.

The situation in Jammu and Kashmir is shaping up to be a much closer contest. The Congress-National Conference alliance is expected to lead with 40-48 seats out of the total 90 in the Assembly. Meanwhile, the BJP is projected to secure 27-32 seats. Mehbooba Mufti’s People’s Democratic Party (PDP) could see a sharp decline in support, with exit polls predicting only 6-12 seats for the party, compared to the 28 seats it won in the previous election. Other political parties and independent candidates are projected to win between 6-11 seats.

It is worth noting that while the Congress, National Conference, and PDP are all part of the opposition INDIA bloc at the national level, the PDP chose to contest the Jammu and Kashmir elections independently. This decision, however, may not work in its favor as the exit poll indicates a substantial reduction in the party’s seats. The PDP is expected to drop from 28 seats in the last election to just 6-12 seats this time, highlighting the challenges it faces in this election cycle.

The Jammu region, which consists of 43 seats, remains a stronghold for the BJP, according to the exit poll. The saffron party is expected to retain a commanding presence in this region, with a projection of 27-31 seats. The Congress-National Conference alliance is predicted to win 11-15 seats in Jammu, while the PDP may secure only 0-2 seats in this part of the state.

The Kashmir Valley, which has 47 seats, is likely to see a strong performance from the Congress-National Conference alliance. The exit poll suggests that this alliance could win between 29 and 33 seats, showing a notable improvement from its 16-seat tally in the 2014 election. On the other hand, the PDP, which had a significant presence in the Valley with 25 seats in the last election, may see its numbers shrink to 6-10 seats this time.

For the BJP, the Kashmir Valley has traditionally been a challenging region. In the 2014 election, the party did not win any seats in the Valley. However, the exit poll predicts that the BJP may finally make some inroads and could potentially secure a seat or two in this election.

As the results approach, these exit polls provide a glimpse into how the political landscape might shift in both Haryana and Jammu and Kashmir. However, the final results could still hold surprises, as exit polls are not always an accurate reflection of the final outcome. Nevertheless, the Congress appears poised for a significant victory in Haryana, while in Jammu and Kashmir, a competitive race between the Congress-National Conference alliance and the BJP is anticipated.

India firmly condemned a report released by the U.S. government, which claimed that religious freedom in the country has continued to deteriorate. The report, issued by the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) on Wednesday, urged the U.S. State Department to designate India as a “country of particular concern.”

In response, the Indian Foreign Ministry rejected the findings, describing the USCIRF as a “biased organization with a political agenda.” The ministry further accused the organization of misrepresenting facts and pushing a narrative that unfairly portrays India. “We reject this malicious report, which only serves to discredit USCIRF further,” the Foreign Ministry stated. The ministry also advised the commission to focus on issues within the U.S. rather than targeting India, saying it should “utilise its time more productively” by addressing human rights concerns in America.

The report claimed that the Indian government, under the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), has been working to implement policies that negatively affect religious minorities. It highlighted the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), the construction of a Ram Temple in Ayodhya, and the proposal for a unified civil code as examples of actions that have disproportionately impacted minority communities.

The USCIRF also criticized Indian political leaders for using hate speech and discriminatory rhetoric against Muslims and other religious minorities, especially in the run-up to the 2024 national elections. “The Indian government continues to repress and restrict religious communities through the enforcement of discriminatory legislation like anti-conversion laws, cow slaughter laws, and antiterrorism laws,” the report claimed.

This is not the first time the USCIRF has called for India to be labeled a “country of particular concern.” Since 2020, the commission has made the same recommendation annually, but New Delhi has consistently rejected it. The Indian government has long dismissed these allegations as baseless and motivated by an external agenda.

Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, speaking in Washington just hours before the release of the report, defended India’s right to respond to such criticism. Addressing an event at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Jaishankar said, “You have every right to comment. But I have every right to comment on your comment. So don’t feel bad when I do.” He further questioned why only certain democracies are allowed to critique others, stating, “It cannot be that one democracy has a right to comment on another, and that’s part of promoting democracy globally, but when others do that, then it becomes foreign interference.”

This latest USCIRF report follows other instances of U.S. criticism toward India’s handling of religious freedom and human rights. In April, the U.S. State Department’s Human Rights report for 2023 raised concerns about abuses in the northeastern state of Manipur and documented attacks on minorities, journalists, and dissenters in other parts of the country. India swiftly condemned the State Department’s report, labeling it as “very biased” and accusing it of demonstrating a “very poor understanding” of the situation in India.

The report’s release comes at a time of heightened international scrutiny over India’s religious policies. The CAA, passed in 2019, offers a path to citizenship for non-Muslim refugees from neighboring countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. Critics argue that the act discriminates against Muslims by excluding them from the list of eligible refugees. The government has defended the act, saying it aims to provide refuge to persecuted religious minorities in the region, and has dismissed claims of bias.

The construction of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya has also been a point of contention. The temple is being built on the site of the Babri Masjid, a mosque that was demolished by Hindu extremists in 1992, leading to widespread riots. The demolition remains a deeply divisive issue in India’s religious and political landscape, with many Muslims seeing it as an affront to their faith. However, the temple’s supporters argue that it represents a fulfillment of a long-standing promise to the Hindu community.

Another major issue highlighted by the USCIRF report is the government’s push for a unified civil code, which would replace the personal laws of various religious communities with a single, national legal framework. Supporters of the unified code argue that it would promote equality and social cohesion, while critics say it would infringe on the religious rights of minorities, particularly Muslims, who have their own personal laws governing matters like marriage, inheritance, and divorce.

India’s anti-conversion laws, cow slaughter laws, and antiterrorism laws were also criticized in the report for being used disproportionately against religious minorities. Several Indian states have enacted anti-conversion laws, which prohibit forced or fraudulent religious conversions. While these laws are ostensibly meant to protect vulnerable individuals, they have often been used to target Christian and Muslim communities, especially those involved in missionary work or interfaith marriages.

Cow slaughter laws, which are rooted in Hindu religious beliefs, have similarly come under fire. In many Indian states, the slaughter of cows is prohibited, as cows are considered sacred in Hinduism. Critics argue that these laws disproportionately affect Muslims, who are more likely to consume beef, and have led to incidents of mob violence, known as “cow vigilantism,” against those suspected of killing or transporting cows.

India’s antiterrorism laws, particularly the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), have been used to detain individuals accused of terrorism-related activities without trial for extended periods. Human rights groups have raised concerns that these laws are being misused to silence dissent, particularly in the context of religious and political protests.

Despite the growing international criticism, the Indian government remains steadfast in defending its policies. Officials argue that the country’s laws and regulations are necessary for maintaining law and order and promoting national unity. The government has also pointed out that India is a secular democracy, where all religions are respected and given equal treatment under the law.

As India approaches the 2024 elections, religious freedom is likely to remain a hotly debated issue, both domestically and internationally. The BJP has long been accused of promoting Hindu nationalism at the expense of minority rights, and the USCIRF’s report is likely to fuel further debate on the subject.

While the USCIRF continues to push for India’s designation as a “country of particular concern,” it remains to be seen whether the U.S. State Department will act on the recommendation. For now, New Delhi’s response is clear: the Indian government rejects the report and stands by its record on religious freedom, dismissing the USCIRF’s findings as politically motivated and lacking in credibility.

Former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair has forecasted that by 2050, India, the United States, and China will emerge as the leading superpowers, resulting in a “complex world order” that global leaders must adeptly navigate.

In an interview with *The Straits Times*, Blair, now 71, emphasized the need for nations to adjust to a multipolar world influenced by these three nations. “You have got to decide where your country fits in the world, because it is going to be a world that is going to be multipolar,” he remarked. He highlighted that by mid-century, the global landscape will be dominated by “three superpowers effectively: America, China, and probably India.”

Reflecting on his tenure as Prime Minister from 1997 to 2007, Blair pointed out that the current international scenario is far more intricate than during his time in office when the United States held a clear superpower status. The rise of China and India, according to Blair, is altering the geopolitical dynamics and necessitating a reevaluation of existing alliances and diplomatic approaches. “You are going to have to build strong alliances that enable you to talk to these three superpowers with some level of equality,” he emphasized.

Blair also addressed the escalating tensions in the Middle East, particularly the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah militants in Lebanon, along with the increasing risk of a broader conflict. He noted, “It is a very dangerous situation with every potential of escalation, because of what is now happening to the north of Israel.”

Moreover, the former Prime Minister reiterated his support for a two-state solution as the only feasible pathway to peace between Israel and Palestine. He asserted, “The core to any solution, in my view, is to construct a day-after plan for Gaza that neither has the Israel Defence Forces nor Hamas running Gaza.”

Blair further expressed his belief that China could play a constructive role in peace negotiations but urged the Chinese government to restrain its ally, Iran. He suggested that Iran had a hand in orchestrating Hamas’ attack on Israel on October 7, characterizing the assault as something that had been “a long time in the making.”

As the world stands on the brink of a potential shift in power dynamics, Blair’s insights serve as a warning to global leaders to adapt to a rapidly changing international landscape. The emergence of a multipolar world order driven by these three superpowers presents both opportunities and challenges that nations must navigate with strategic foresight.

Tony Blair’s predictions about the future geopolitical landscape emphasize the need for countries to forge strong alliances while recognizing the complexities introduced by the rise of India, the US, and China. The challenges in the Middle East also underscore the importance of diplomacy in achieving lasting peace.

The Indian diaspora represents a thriving and influential community spread across the globe, contributing significantly to the cultural, economic, and social landscapes of various countries. From the island nation of Mauritius to the bustling streets of New York and Silicon Valley in the United States, the Indian community has left an indelible mark, enriching the societies they are part of while maintaining a strong connection to their heritage.

The widespread Indian diaspora encompasses non-resident Indians (NRIs), persons of Indian origin (PIOs), and overseas Indians, collectively forming one of the most diverse and influential expatriate communities globally. According to the Get Global Immigration Services (GIS), a significant number of Indian expatriates are scattered across several countries, including the United States, the UAE, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. This vibrant community has managed to influence both their host nations and India through various contributions.

Mauritius: A Strong Cultural Connection

Mauritius stands as one of the most prominent examples of a nation deeply influenced by its Indian population. With approximately 70% of its residents tracing their ancestry back to India, the island reflects a profound connection to Indian culture. Indian traditions thrive in cities such as Port Louis, Quatre Bornes, and Curepipe, where the diaspora enjoys a mix of cultural richness and the beauty of nature, surrounded by picturesque white-sand beaches. The Indian influence in Mauritius is undeniable, with festivals, music, dance, and cuisine blending seamlessly into the island’s daily life.

United States: A Hub of Indian-American Success

The United States is home to over 4 million Indian Americans, making it one of the largest Indian populations outside of India. This community has established itself in major urban areas such as Silicon Valley, New York, Chicago, and Houston. These cities serve as hubs for Indian professionals, entrepreneurs, students, and families, where they foster cultural exchange and celebrate traditional festivals like Diwali and Holi. The Indian community has made significant contributions to the U.S. economy, particularly in the technology and healthcare sectors.

Reflecting on the vibrant cultural presence, cities like New York and Silicon Valley witness large-scale celebrations of Indian festivals, showcasing the community’s commitment to preserving their heritage. The economic contributions of Indian Americans, especially in fields such as technology, medicine, and education, have earned them a reputation for excellence and influence.

UAE: Driving Economic Growth

The Indian expatriate community in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has grown rapidly over the years, with over 3 million Indians now residing in the country. Indians play a crucial role in the UAE’s development, particularly in industries like construction, healthcare, and finance. The cultural presence of Indians in the UAE is also significant, with festivals such as Diwali being celebrated on a grand scale. “Indians have become an integral part of the UAE’s economic landscape, contributing across various sectors,” reports GIS.

Indian expatriates in the UAE have become pillars of the workforce, particularly in labor-intensive sectors, and their contributions have helped shape the nation’s modern infrastructure and economy. In return, they enjoy a vibrant expatriate life that balances work and cultural celebration.

Malaysia: A Diverse Indian Community

Malaysia is home to a diverse Indian community comprising Tamils, Malayalees, Punjabis, and Bengalis, who have played a significant role in the country’s socio-economic development. Indians in Malaysia have contributed to sectors ranging from trade to politics, with their cultural impact seen in religious celebrations, such as Thaipusam, and traditional arts like Bharatanatyam.

In cities like Kuala Lumpur and Penang, the Indian community continues to flourish, contributing to Malaysia’s diverse cultural mosaic. Their influence extends to education, commerce, and politics, making them a vital part of the nation’s progress.

Saudi Arabia: Building the Kingdom

Saudi Arabia hosts a large Indian workforce, particularly in fields like construction, healthcare, and information technology. Indian expatriates have played a key role in the development of Saudi Arabia’s infrastructure, contributing to the kingdom’s growth over the decades. The celebration of Indian festivals such as Diwali and Holi in Saudi Arabia brings a sense of home to the expatriates, allowing them to maintain their cultural identity.

Despite the challenges of living in a different cultural environment, the Indian community in Saudi Arabia has created a significant presence, making substantial contributions to the kingdom’s economy and labor market.

Myanmar: A Legacy of Indian Presence

The Indian community in Myanmar dates back centuries, with roots in ancient trade routes. Over the years, Indians have become integral to the country’s economic framework, particularly in sectors like trade, manufacturing, and finance. This long-standing presence has left a cultural mark on Myanmar, with Indian traditions continuing to influence the country’s social and economic fabric.

The contributions of Indian expatriates to Myanmar’s economic landscape have helped shape the country’s progress, creating a legacy of cooperation and development.

### Canada: A Multicultural Tapestry

Canada has become a favored destination for Indian immigrants, offering opportunities for a better quality of life. With over 1.6 million Indians now residing in the country, they have seamlessly integrated into Canadian society while retaining their cultural identity. Canadian cities like Toronto and Vancouver are home to vibrant Indian communities that celebrate their heritage through festivals, food, and religious observances. “The Indian community has enriched Canada’s multicultural landscape through its traditions and values,” GIS notes.

The contributions of Indian Canadians extend beyond cultural celebrations; they are actively involved in shaping Canada’s economy, politics, and education system, making them a vital part of the nation’s diversity.

United Kingdom: A Historical Bond

The United Kingdom’s Indian community is deeply rooted in the country’s colonial history. Today, Indians are a prominent part of British society, with over 1.7 million residents of Indian origin. London, in particular, is home to a thriving Indian population that has made significant contributions to various fields, including politics, business, and academia.

The Indian community in the UK continues to preserve its cultural heritage while contributing to the nation’s development, making them a respected and influential group.

South Africa: A Community with a Purpose

South Africa’s Indian community dates back to the colonial era when Indian laborers were brought to work in the sugar plantations. Today, Indians in South Africa have become a vital part of the country’s cultural and political landscape. The legacy of Indian leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, who began his activism in South Africa, continues to inspire the community’s contributions to the nation.

Indian traditions and values have been woven into South African society, with the community playing an active role in the nation’s progress.

Singapore: A Dynamic Presence

Singapore is home to a vibrant Indian diaspora that plays a significant role in the island’s multicultural society. Little India, one of the most iconic cultural districts in Singapore, is a testament to the strong ties between the Indian community and the country. Singapore’s institutions have also attracted many Indian students, further strengthening the relationship between the two nations.

The Indian community in Singapore contributes to the country’s economic and cultural life, making it an essential part of the island’s identity.

Across the world, the Indian diaspora continues to influence their host countries while staying connected to their roots. Whether in technology, culture, or politics, Indians abroad have made a lasting impact on global society.

The Bombay High Court on Friday dealt a significant blow to the Centre by striking down the amended Information Technology (IT) rules that allowed the government to identify “fake news” on social media through a Fact Check Unit (FCU). The court ruled that the amended rules were unconstitutional.

In a decisive opinion, Justice Atul S Chandurkar declared the amended rule “ultra vires” (beyond the powers) of the IT Act. His judgment follows a split verdict delivered on January 31 by a two-judge division bench, which was tasked with hearing pleas that challenged the amended rules. Justice Chandurkar’s ruling sided with Justice Gautam S Patel, who had also declared the rule unconstitutional in the earlier judgment. Justice Patel, who is now retired, was part of the original division bench that delivered the split verdict.

Justice Chandurkar ruled that the amendment to the IT Rules, 2023, through Rule 3(1)(b)(v), violated Articles 14 and 19 (1)(a) and 19 (1)(g) of the Constitution. Article 14 ensures equality before the law, while Articles 19 (1)(a) and 19 (1)(g) safeguard the right to freedom of speech and expression and the right to practice a profession, respectively.

Justice Chandurkar criticized the terms “fake, false or misleading” as vague and overly broad, arguing that the amended rule did not pass the “test of proportionality.” “Impugned Rule as amended be struck down. All the petitions will be placed before the division bench to be decided,” Justice Chandurkar ruled.

Justice Chandurkar’s opinion will now be presented to a division bench of two judges, who will formally announce the 2:1 majority ruling against the impugned rules. This ruling represents a clear challenge to the government’s efforts to regulate social media content through the Fact Check Unit.

The IT rules, amended in April 2023, required online platforms to take down content flagged as “fake or misleading” by the FCU if they wished to retain their “safe harbour” status, which provides them legal immunity against third-party content. However, the court found this amendment to infringe on the constitutional right to freedom of speech and expression.

Justice Chandurkar also endorsed the view that citizens do not have a “right to the truth” under the right to freedom of speech. He noted that it was not the state’s responsibility to ensure that citizens are provided only with “information” that the FCU deems not fake or misleading.

“The impugned rule sought to restrict the fundamental right under Article 19 (1) (a) (Freedom of speech and expression) by placing restrictions that were not in line with reasonable limitations provided under Article 19 (2),” Justice Chandurkar explained in his opinion. He also stressed that such a restriction could not be imposed through delegated legislation.

In his ruling, Justice Chandurkar further pointed out that there was no clear basis to determine if information about the Central Government’s business, when presented digitally, was fake or false. This determination was absent in cases where the same information appeared in print.

Additionally, he emphasized that the amendment had not been enacted in accordance with the IT Act, 2000. The Centre had also failed to demonstrate that the proposed amendment had been laid before both houses of Parliament as required under Section 87 of the 2000 Act.

Justice Chandurkar also dismissed the Centre’s claim that decisions made by the FCU could be challenged before a constitutional court, stating that such a provision “cannot be treated as adequate safeguard.” He added that the impugned rule could not be salvaged by “reading it down” or limiting its application.

In agreement with Justice Patel, Justice Chandurkar noted that the rule had a “chilling effect” on online platforms due to the threat of losing their “safe harbour” status. This concern, according to the judge, made the rule “invalid” and “liable to be struck down.”

The journey to this ruling began on January 31, when Justice Patel, in a split verdict, sided with the petitioners and struck down the rule, while Justice Neela K Gokhale upheld the government’s stance. Given the split decision, Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya appointed Justice Chandurkar as the third judge to offer a deciding opinion.

The petitioners in this case included stand-up comedian Kunal Kamra, the Editors Guild of India, the News Broadcasters and Digital Association, and the Association of Indian Magazines. They had previously filed an interim application seeking to stay the implementation of the FCU and requested that it not be formed until the third judge had given his final opinion on the merits of the case.

On March 11, Justice Chandurkar refused to grant a stay on the notification setting up the FCU, stating that it was “only a prima facie consideration of the issue” at that stage. He clarified that he would issue his final opinion on the merits of the case later.

Following Justice Chandurkar’s opinion, the High Court dismissed the interim applications, clearing the path for the Centre to notify the FCU under the Press Information Bureau (PIB) on March 20. However, the Supreme Court intervened just a day later, staying the notification pending the final ruling from the Bombay High Court.

With this ruling, the Bombay High Court has now struck down the controversial amendment, leaving the government’s future actions on regulating online content through fact-checking under serious scrutiny. The case will continue to be a significant point of interest as it progresses through the courts, especially in the context of the ever-evolving conversation on regulating social media platforms and safeguarding freedom of speech.

The Bharatiya Janata Party’s push for One Nation, One Election (ONOE) has again sparked doubts about the future of democracy in India. Despite recent setbacks in the Lok Sabha elections, the BJP is determined to implement this sweeping reform. The Union Cabinet recently approved the high-level committee report on this issue, led by former President Ram Nath Kovind.

At the heart of this proposal is the synchronisation of Lok Sabha, state assembly, and local body elections, which are currently held at different times. The Kovind committee claims that simultaneous polls will create more stability in governance and reduce the burden on public finances.

However, the BJP’s motivation for pushing this agenda might run deeper than just administrative efficiency. The Party stands to gain from the simultaneous elections by leveraging its strong national presence. By consolidating elections, the BJP can streamline its campaign machinery and dominate both national and regional arenas.

India’s political system is built on a federal foundation, where both the Union and the states enjoy considerable autonomy. State elections are dominated by local issues. Regional parties deeply rooted in their states address local concerns that national parties might overlook. Their relevance lies in connecting with voters on issues specific to their regions.

When voters are asked to choose their representatives for both the Lok Sabha and their state assembly simultaneously, they are more likely to be influenced by national rather than regional issues. This could lead to the dominance of national parties with resources to contest elections nationwide, and smaller regional parties could find their voices drowned out by the national cacophony.

The BJP’s push for ONOE seems less about governance and more about consolidating its power. By aligning national and state elections, the BJP can capitalise on its minion network to win both national and state elections simultaneously. The Party would no longer need to worry about regional setbacks or coalition politics.

If the ONOE proposal is implemented, situations like the current opposition coalition, which managed to check the BJP’s dominance in several state elections, might never arise again. The BJP would be able to conquer votes nationwide, using its vast resources and national appeal to drown out the voices of local parties. This could spell disaster for parties like the TDP, which has supported ONOE. While the TDP may see short-term benefits in aligning with the BJP on this issue, it should beware. The proposal it supports could eventually lead to its own marginalisation as the BJP tightens its grip on national and state-level politics.

The proposal for ONOE is not without merit, particularly in terms of cost savings and reducing election fatigue. However, the potential long-term consequences for India’s democracy are far too significant to ignore. If regional parties are sidelined and local issues are drowned out by ‘national’ narratives, India’s political system will become dangerously centralised. One Nation, One Election could ultimately become One Nation, One Party.

In a significant departure from its volatile past, the districts of Pulwama, Anantnag, Kulgam, and Shopian in South Kashmir witnessed a remarkable shift towards participatory democracy during the first phase of the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly elections on September 18, 2024. These areas, once known for militancy and separatist-driven street protests, saw both new and long-absent voters heading to the polls in what many described as a turning point for the region.

For the first time in decades, residents who had long boycotted elections—following calls from the separatist Hurriyat Conference—and young voters who had just turned 18, arrived at polling booths to cast their ballots. Significantly, this year’s elections were conducted without the looming fear of militant violence or pressure from separatist groups. Instead, voters expressed a renewed sense of agency and a desire to influence the future of Jammu and Kashmir through peaceful participation.

A Peaceful Election Day and Higher Turnout

In a sign of growing engagement with the democratic process, the voter turnout for the first phase of the Assembly elections across Jammu and Kashmir was 61.13%, a clear indicator of increased political participation. In Tral, a region known for low voter turnout, the numbers had already surpassed those of the previous election by late afternoon. During the 2014 Assembly elections, Tral recorded a voter turnout of 37.68%. By 5 p.m. on Wednesday, the turnout had reached 40.58%, reflecting an upward trend.

The sentiment behind this shift was captured by many voters who viewed the elections as a crucial moment in the history of the region. Fayyaz Ahmad Magray, a 46-year-old voter from Tral’s Batgund area, described his decision to vote as a stand against the erosion of local autonomy and the imposition of laws without the consent of the people. “The past four years have been tough. Security forces have cracked down, and the humiliation inflicted by officials from outside instilled a sense of helplessness. Anti-people laws were framed without locals being consulted,” Magray explained. “I am voting to end our helplessness. We are at a critical juncture of history. Vote is my means to make a statement against the forces hellbent on destroying Jammu and Kashmir with each passing day.”

First-Time Voters Seek Change

For many of the younger voters in the region, the elections represented an opportunity to address pressing governance issues, particularly those affecting their future prospects. Qasim Sheikh, a first-time voter from Shopian, expressed frustration with the current system, particularly the shrinking opportunities for open merit students. “Open merit reservation has gone down significantly during the past six years. More and more communities are added to the reservation list and the open merit students’ quota has been reduced to around 30%. Our future is bleak if it’s not rationalised,” he said, pointing to the need for reforms that would ensure a more equitable system for all.

Shopian, a district with a history of militancy, also saw a marked increase in voter turnout. Despite its reputation as a volatile area, the Shopian Assembly segment’s voter turnout rose from 52.06% in the 2014 elections to 54.72% by 5 p.m. on Wednesday. This increase suggested a growing willingness among residents to engage with the political process in the hopes of securing a better future for their communities.

Pulwama: A Vote Against Fear

Pulwama, which has long been associated with violence and militancy, also saw a notable increase in voter turnout. The district’s Gundibagh-Kakpora and Beighpora areas, known for being the home of both Adil Ahmad Dar—the suicide bomber responsible for the 2019 Pulwama attack that killed 40 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel—and Riyaz Naikoo, the former commander of the militant group Hizbul Mujahideen, were among those where voting was seen as a form of resistance. “The vote is the new weapon,” declared a young voter from Pulwama, who spoke on the condition of anonymity.

He highlighted the routine harassment faced by local youth, particularly during national holidays or VIP visits, as a major factor motivating him and others to vote. “Come August 15, we are rounded up. On every VVIP’s visit, youth are summoned to police stations. We hope this vote will bring an end to the cycle of summons and raids,” he explained.

Pulwama’s voter turnout reflected this determination to break the cycle of fear and violence. By 5 p.m. on election day, the turnout had reached 46.22%, a significant increase from the 38.31% recorded in the 2014 elections.

Anantnag Joins the Shift

Anantnag, a district historically prone to calls for separatist boycotts, also showed a shift in voter behavior. Despite being one of the regions most influenced by separatist movements, Anantnag’s voter turnout rose from 38.67% in the 2014 elections to 41.58% by 5 p.m. this year. The increase in turnout was seen as a reflection of the changing political dynamics in the region, where residents are increasingly looking to the ballot box as a means of shaping their future.

For many voters in South Kashmir, the act of voting in these Assembly elections was not just about choosing representatives but about sending a message. After years of political turmoil, violence, and alienation, these elections offered a chance for the people to reclaim their voice and influence the direction of governance in Jammu and Kashmir.

Challenges Ahead for South Kashmir

Despite the promising turnout, challenges remain for South Kashmir as it seeks to stabilize its political landscape. The region has been deeply affected by both internal and external pressures, with militancy, political unrest, and economic struggles all contributing to its volatility. However, the increased voter turnout in districts like Pulwama, Shopian, Tral, and Anantnag suggests that more people are willing to engage in the democratic process, even in areas that have long been resistant to electoral participation.

The hope among many voters is that this increased engagement will lead to more responsive governance and policies that reflect the needs and aspirations of the local population. As Fayyaz Ahmad Magray noted, “We are at a critical juncture of history.” For the people of South Kashmir, this election may indeed represent a new beginning, one in which the power of the vote is used to build a more stable and prosperous future for the region.

As the election process continues, the high voter turnout in South Kashmir offers a glimmer of hope for the future. It signals a shift away from violence and boycotts towards a more participatory and peaceful form of political expression. Whether this trend will continue remains to be seen, but for now, the people of South Kashmir have made their voices heard in a powerful way.

India has added a second nuclear-capable ballistic missile submarine to its naval fleet, a significant development that strengthens its nuclear deterrence capabilities. This move, which took place in late August, reflects India’s growing concern over its strategic environment, particularly regarding China and Pakistan. However, despite this addition, India remains behind China, which continues to expand its military capabilities both at sea and on land.

The new submarine, INS Arighaat, meaning “Destroyer of the Enemy” in Sanskrit, was commissioned at a ceremony on August 29 at Visakhapatnam naval base on India’s eastern coast. Defense Minister Rajnath Singh emphasized its importance, stating that the sub would contribute to establishing a strategic balance in the region. However, this balance currently favors China, which boasts the world’s largest navy by numbers, including six Jin-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines.

China’s Jin-class submarines are equipped with ballistic missiles that have ranges of at least 8,000 kilometers (approximately 5,000 miles) and are capable of carrying multiple nuclear warheads. In comparison, India’s two nuclear submarines, INS Arighaat and its predecessor INS Arihant, are less advanced. Both Indian submarines can carry K-15 Sagarika ballistic missiles, which are launched from four vertical launch tubes. However, these missiles have a much shorter range of around 750 kilometers (466 miles), limiting their reach when launched from the Indian Ocean.

“The INS Arihant-class can barely reach Chinese targets along the eastern Sino-Indian border from the coastal waters of northern Bay of Bengal, which is dangerously shallow for a submarine,” said Carl Schuster, an analyst and former director of operations at the US Pacific Command’s Joint Intelligence Center.

Tensions between India and China have been high for years, with the de facto border, known as the Line of Actual Control, being a flashpoint. The two countries last clashed there in 2022, with previous confrontations in 2020 resulting in the deaths of 20 Indian soldiers and four Chinese soldiers in Aksai Chin.

India’s Progress in Developing Second-Strike Capabilities

Despite being less advanced than China, India is steadily developing its second-strike nuclear capabilities. The Indian government has been tight-lipped about the exact capabilities of INS Arighaat, stating only that it is “significantly more advanced” than its predecessor, INS Arihant, which was commissioned eight years ago. No official images of INS Arighaat have been released since its commissioning.

Experts believe that India is working toward a robust underwater nuclear deterrent, which, though smaller than China’s, would still be capable of delivering a powerful retaliatory strike if necessary. India is also developing newer and larger submarines equipped with missiles that could have a range of up to 6,000 kilometers (approximately 3,728 miles), allowing them to target any location in China.

“Although India’s sea-based nuclear deterrent remains in relative infancy, the country clearly has an ambition to field a sophisticated naval nuclear force with ballistic missile submarines at its core,” said Matt Korda, associate director for the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists.

Korda added that these submarines are integral to India’s broader plan to establish a secure second-strike nuclear capability, thus enabling India to target both Pakistan and China. He also mentioned that the third and fourth submarines, currently in development, would have longer-range missiles and more missile tubes, significantly enhancing India’s nuclear deterrence.

However, it could be several years before these new submarines are operational. INS Arighaat itself was launched nearly seven years ago, and if the same timeline applies to the next ballistic missile submarine, it may not join the fleet until 2030.

The Prestige of Ballistic Missile Submarines

The addition of INS Arighaat does more than just bolster India’s naval strength; it also elevates the country’s status as a global power, according to Tom Shugart, a former US Navy submarine commander and adjunct senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security.

“It is a marker of being a great power,” Shugart said, noting that all five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—the United States, Russia, China, the United Kingdom, and France—have nuclear-capable ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs). Even though India’s fleet is smaller, with only two SSBNs, the fact that it has them at all places the country in elite company.

Shugart explained that nuclear-powered submarines are complex machines that require extensive maintenance. On average, the US Navy’s Ohio-class SSBNs spend 77 days at sea followed by 35 days in port for repairs. “By having more than one, there’s a better chance India will be able to have one of them at sea in a survivable status,” Shugart said, though he added that to maintain a constant sea presence, India would likely need more than its current two submarines.

China’s Reaction to India’s Naval Expansion

Even before INS Arighaat was commissioned, it had drawn attention from China. The state-run Global Times quoted Chinese experts who urged India not to use the submarine to “flex muscles.” The newspaper emphasized that nuclear weapons should be used to safeguard peace and stability, not for show or coercion.

Other analysts suggest that India’s recent moves are a response to the growing pressure from Beijing. China now has the largest navy in the world, and its regular deployment of fully armed Jin-class nuclear submarines is seen as a threat by neighboring countries, including India. According to Kandlikar Venkatesh, an analyst at GlobalData analytics company, “China’s extensive naval buildup and the regular deployment of fully armed nuclear deterrence patrols by Type 094 submarines (the Jin class) are perceived as a threat by other countries in the region, including India.”

India’s investment in its nuclear submarine fleet is set to continue, with plans to spend $31.6 billion over the next decade. Larger submarines with longer-range missiles are reportedly in development, which could eventually enable India to field nuclear-tipped weapons with ranges of up to 12,000 kilometers (about 7,500 miles), Venkatesh added.

Pakistan as a Secondary Concern

While China remains India’s primary focus, Pakistan’s naval expansion is also a cause for concern. Abhijit Singh, a senior fellow at the Observer Research Foundation in Mumbai, noted that Pakistan is in the process of modernizing its navy, including acquiring eight Chinese-designed Type 039B attack submarines.

“The real impetus for India’s expansion of its second-strike capability is, in fact, the significant growth of the Pakistani and Chinese navies in the Indian Ocean,” Singh wrote in an op-ed for the Hindustan Times.

The rivalry between India and Pakistan, especially over the disputed region of Kashmir, has been a longstanding source of tension, and Pakistan’s growing naval capabilities further complicate the regional dynamics.

Fears of Nuclear Proliferation

Matt Korda of the Federation of American Scientists voiced concerns not so much about the submarines themselves, but about the development of multiple-warhead missiles, known as Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs). These technologies are also being developed by Pakistan and China, and their introduction could destabilize the region.

“India, Pakistan, and China are all developing missiles that can carry multiple warheads,” Korda said, explaining that these systems are seen as ideal for a first strike but are also likely targets in an adversary’s initial attack. This could accelerate the arms race in the region as countries look for ways to defend against or counter such weapons.

India joined the ranks of nations with MIRV technology in April, following a successful test of the Agni-V intercontinental ballistic missile. However, while Pakistan has claimed to possess similar capabilities, experts have not yet verified this assertion.

These advancements in missile technology are likely to keep tensions in the region high, as each country continues to build up its defenses and offensive capabilities.

When considering the world’s most charitable individuals, prominent figures like Mukesh Ambani, Ratan Tata, and Azim Premji often come to mind. Yet, one name surpasses all in terms of generosity: Jamsetji Tata. Known for his groundbreaking contributions to society, Jamsetji Tata’s charitable efforts have set him apart as one of the most giving individuals in history. This article delves into his extraordinary philanthropic legacy and the profound influence it has had on society.

Jamsetji Tata: The Forefather of Philanthropy

Jamsetji Tata, founder of the Tata Group, is remembered not only for his entrepreneurial genius but also for his immense charitable contributions. According to the EdelGive Foundation and Hurun Report 2021, Tata’s philanthropic donations total an astounding Rs 8,29,734 crore. This massive sum places him far ahead of other noted philanthropists like Mukesh Ambani, Ratan Tata, Azim Premji, and Shiv Nadar. These contributions solidify Tata’s position as the most charitable person worldwide.

Early Efforts in Charity

Jamsetji Tata’s journey into philanthropy began as early as 1892, long before charitable efforts were commonplace. His focus primarily revolved around healthcare and education—two sectors he strongly believed could drive meaningful societal transformation. His early initiatives set the foundation for a long-standing culture of giving within the Tata Group, one that endures to this day.

The Tata Group: A Generous Legacy

Under Jamsetji Tata’s leadership, the Tata Group evolved into India’s largest industrial conglomerate, with a present valuation of about Rs 24 lakh crore. The group’s commitment to philanthropy didn’t wane after Jamsetji’s passing. Instead, it has flourished under the stewardship of his descendants, especially Ratan Tata. Ratan has been instrumental in expanding the company’s philanthropic efforts, ensuring that Jamsetji’s vision of generosity and social responsibility continues to guide the company’s values.

The Tata Family’s Enduring Commitment

Jamsetji Tata was born into a Zoroastrian Parsi family in Gujarat and had two sons, Dorabji and Ratanji, from his marriage. Today, his descendants have upheld the family’s commitment to philanthropy, with Ratan Tata emerging as a leading figure in continuing the family’s legacy. The Tata Group has consistently placed corporate social responsibility at the forefront of its operations, remaining true to Jamsetji Tata’s long-lasting impact on society.

A Comparison with Other Philanthropists

Although Jamsetji Tata’s charitable contributions are unmatched, other notable Indian philanthropists have also made significant impacts. Azim Premji, the founder of Wipro, has donated about USD 22 billion, roughly Rs 1,76,000 crore. His efforts position him among the world’s leading philanthropists, yet Tata’s contributions place him in a category of his own. Tata’s unparalleled commitment to giving has left an indelible mark on global philanthropy.

Jamsetji Tata’s Lasting Impact

Tata’s life serves as a powerful example of how acts of kindness and generosity can transcend time and continue to shape the world for generations. His approach to philanthropy was not simply about monetary donations but focused on creating structural changes in education and healthcare. The institutions and causes he supported have had far-reaching effects, continuing to touch the lives of millions.

Jamsetji Tata’s immense generosity positions him as the most charitable individual globally, and his contributions reflect a visionary approach to philanthropy that will inspire future generations. His legacy endures, demonstrating the transformative power of giving back to society.

On Sunday, September 8, 2024, Congress leader Rahul Gandhi arrived in the U.S. for a three-day visit. The purpose of his visit is to engage in “meaningful discussions and insightful conversations” aimed at further strengthening the relationship between India and the U.S. This visit marks his first trip to the U.S. since becoming the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha.

Upon his arrival at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, Gandhi was warmly welcomed by members of the Indian diaspora, led by Sam Pitroda, chairman of the Indian Overseas Congress. Expressing his appreciation for the reception, Gandhi shared his thoughts in a Facebook post. “I am truly delighted by the warm welcome I’ve received in Dallas, Texas, USA, from the Indian Diaspora and members of the Indian Overseas Congress,” he wrote.

Gandhi also expressed his eagerness to engage in discussions that would help bolster the ties between India and America. “I eagerly look forward to engaging in meaningful discussions and insightful conversations that will further strengthen the bond between our two nations during this visit,” Gandhi added, sharing photos of his arrival with his supporters.

The Congress party, in a social media post on X, reiterated the enthusiasm of the reception, stating that Gandhi had received a “warm and enthusiastic” welcome upon landing at the airport.

Sam Pitroda, the chairperson of the Indian Overseas Congress, played a significant role in organizing Gandhi’s U.S. tour. He clarified last week that Gandhi was not visiting in an official capacity but would still have the opportunity to interact with various groups at Capitol Hill. Pitroda emphasized that this trip would allow Gandhi to engage with people on a personal level, fostering dialogues with different communities in the U.S.

“This is not an official visit for Mr. Gandhi, but it will be an important opportunity for him to meet with people on Capitol Hill and beyond,” Pitroda explained.

According to Pitroda, Gandhi has been in high demand since becoming the Leader of Opposition. On August 31, Pitroda highlighted the widespread interest in Gandhi’s visit. “Since Rahul Gandhi has become the Leader of the Opposition, I, as chairman of the Indian Overseas Congress, with a presence in 32 countries, have been bombarded with requests from Indian diaspora diplomats, academicians, businessmen, leaders, international media, and many others for interactions with Rahul Gandhi,” Pitroda stated in a video message.

Gandhi’s U.S. visit will involve numerous interactions with different groups, including members of the media, think tanks, academic institutions, and members of the Indian community. Pitroda elaborated on some of the specific engagements planned for Gandhi, such as interactions with the press at the National Press Club and meetings with think tanks. A key stop on his tour will be a visit to Georgetown University, where he will engage with students and academicians in Washington, D.C.

“He [Gandhi] will have interactions with the press at the National Press Club, he will meet with the think tank people and will also have interaction at Georgetown University, which is equally important in Washington DC,” Pitroda said, highlighting the importance of this visit in terms of intellectual and diplomatic engagement.

The visit, scheduled from September 8 to 10, 2024, will see Gandhi traveling between Washington, D.C., and Dallas. His itinerary includes important discussions at two major universities—the University of Texas in Dallas and Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. In addition, Gandhi is expected to participate in numerous community events and hold meetings with prominent leaders and technocrats.

Pitroda offered further details about the specific events planned for Gandhi’s visit, emphasizing its significance for the Indian diaspora and broader community engagement. “He will be in Dallas on September 8 and will be in Washington DC on September 9 and 10. In Dallas, we’ll have interactions with University of Texas students, academicians, and community people. We’ll have a very large community gathering, we’ll meet some technocrats, and then we’ll have a dinner with the leaders from the Dallas area,” Pitroda said.

The Congress leader’s schedule in Dallas involves meaningful engagements with students and academicians at the University of Texas, followed by community outreach. The large community gathering and the subsequent meeting with technocrats in the Dallas area will serve as key opportunities for Gandhi to strengthen ties with the Indian-American community.

Following his engagements in Dallas, Gandhi will travel to Washington, D.C., where more high-level interactions are expected. The inclusion of think tanks and his appearance at Georgetown University is seen as critical elements of his visit, as they provide Gandhi with the chance to connect with intellectual leaders and key policymakers in the U.S.

Gandhi’s visit is being seen as an important step in bolstering the relationship between India and the U.S., with a focus on engaging the Indian diaspora and exploring areas of mutual interest between the two nations. While Gandhi is not visiting in his official capacity as the Leader of Opposition, the numerous interactions planned suggest that his visit is significant for both diplomatic and community-building purposes.

The trip will also likely serve to further Gandhi’s international presence and his influence within the Indian diaspora community, which remains a critical constituency for the Congress party. Through his discussions and community engagements, Gandhi aims to solidify bonds with Indian-Americans and strengthen India’s relationship with the U.S. on various levels.

This visit comes at a time when international relations between India and the U.S. have continued to grow stronger, with leaders from both nations regularly engaging in diplomatic dialogues. Gandhi’s visit underscores the importance of maintaining and nurturing these ties at a time when global geopolitics is becoming increasingly complex.

With his three-day U.S. visit, Gandhi has set the stage for important discussions that could play a role in furthering the interests of both India and the U.S. Through his interactions with students, academicians, technocrats, and community leaders, the Congress leader is expected to enhance the longstanding relationship between the two nations, while also reinforcing the bond between the Indian diaspora and their homeland.

The United States and India have signed a Security of Supply Arrangement (SOSA) on August 22, marking a significant milestone in their defense relationship. This non-binding agreement aims to enhance defense cooperation between the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and India’s Ministry of Defence (IN MoD).

The agreement was signed by Dr. Vic Ramdass, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Industrial Base Policy, and Mr. Samir Kumar Sinha, Additional Secretary and Director General (Acquisitions) of the IN MoD. The SOSA is designed to ensure that both countries provide each other with priority access to essential goods and services necessary for national defense. It allows for the acquisition of critical industrial resources from one another and helps manage unexpected supply chain disruptions that could threaten national security.

“This Security of Supply Arrangement represents a pivotal moment in the U.S.-India Major Defense Partner relationship and will be a key factor in strengthening the U.S.-India Defense Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI),” said Dr. Ramdass. He underscored the importance of enhancing collaboration between the defense industries of the two countries.

Dr. Ramdass also highlighted that the upcoming DTTI meeting this fall, which will be hosted by the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment (OUSD(A&S)), will present an opportunity to explore joint development, production, and sustainment initiatives. This meeting is seen as a crucial step in advancing defense technology and trade cooperation between the U.S. and India.

Under the terms of the SOSA, both the U.S. and India commit to honoring each other’s priority delivery requests for critical defense resources. The U.S. will provide assurances to India under its Defense Priorities and Allocations System (DPAS). Decisions on these assurances will be made by the DoD, with rating authorization granted by the Department of Commerce (DOC). On the other hand, India will implement a government-industry Code of Conduct with its defense industrial base. This will encourage Indian firms to prioritize support for U.S. defense needs on a voluntary basis.

As global supply chains become more complex, agreements like the SOSA are increasingly vital for improving interoperability with U.S. defense trade partners. The SOSA framework establishes working groups, communication channels, and streamlined DoD processes to address potential supply chain challenges proactively. These challenges could arise during peacetime, emergencies, or armed conflicts. Moreover, SOSAs are instrumental in formulating investment strategies that ensure redundancy and security in defense supply chains.

The inclusion of India in the SOSA network brings the total number of U.S. partners to 18. Other countries with similar agreements include Australia, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.

By joining the SOSA, India is now part of a select group of nations that benefit from enhanced defense cooperation with the United States. This agreement not only strengthens the defense relationship between the U.S. and India but also promotes greater integration of their defense industries.

In conclusion, the formalization of the SOSA between the United States and India marks a significant step forward in their defense partnership. It underscores both nations’ commitment to enhancing their defense cooperation and ensuring the security of their supply chains. As Dr. Ramdass emphasized, this agreement will play a crucial role in advancing the U.S.-India Defense Technology and Trade Initiative, and it sets the stage for further collaboration in defense technology and trade in the future.

India’s Supreme Court has sharply criticized the authorities for their response to the recent rape and murder of a trainee doctor in West Bengal, an event that has stirred widespread outrage across the nation. The case, involving the brutal killing of a 31-year-old woman in Kolkata, has been described by the court as one that has “shocked the conscience of the nation.”

The victim, a trainee doctor, was found dead earlier this month in a seminar room of a government-run hospital where she worked. A volunteer worker at the hospital has been arrested in connection with the crime, and the investigation has since been transferred to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).

Chief Justice of India (CJI) DY Chandrachud, presiding over the case on Tuesday, expressed deep concern over the handling of the investigation. The Chief Justice highlighted a range of issues within medical institutions, including inadequate resting facilities, the absence of functional CCTV cameras, lack of security personnel, and insufficient screening for weapons at hospital entrances. In response, the Supreme Court ordered the establishment of a National Task Force (NTF) to recommend safety protocols for healthcare workers at their workplaces. This task force, comprising top doctors and government officials, has been instructed to submit an interim report within three weeks and a final report in two months.

During the court proceedings, Chief Justice Chandrachud criticized the West Bengal government and the local police for delays in registering the First Information Report (FIR) in the case. He expressed dismay that the victim’s name and photographs had been shared on social media, a violation of Indian laws that prohibit the identification of rape victims. The Chief Justice noted, “I am deeply concerned that the name of the victim and her photographs were shared on social media,” emphasizing that those responsible could face fines or up to two years in prison.

The court also condemned the recent attack on RG Kar Medical College, where the crime took place. It questioned why sufficient security measures were not implemented to prevent the violence that erupted during last week’s “Reclaim the Night” protest. Tens of thousands of women participated in this protest, during which a mob vandalized the emergency ward of the hospital. Chief Justice Chandrachud remarked, “The power of the state should not be unleashed on peaceful protesters.”

The murder of the trainee doctor has ignited a wave of anger across India, with particularly intense reactions in West Bengal, where Kolkata is the capital. Over the weekend, doctors nationwide participated in a strike organized by the Indian Medical Association (IMA). Elective surgeries and outpatient treatments were halted, with only emergency services available at major hospitals. The IMA presented a list of demands, including stronger legal protections for medical staff against violence, enhanced security at hospitals, and the creation of safe resting spaces for healthcare workers.

The case has also sparked a political controversy in West Bengal, where Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee’s government faces accusations of mishandling the situation. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which is in opposition in the state, has accused Ms. Banerjee’s administration of suppressing peaceful protests. The Kolkata High Court has also criticized local police for their lapses and subsequently transferred the case to the CBI.

The parents of the victim have expressed their dissatisfaction with the state government’s response, rejecting compensation offered by the authorities. They have criticized the management of the medical college for failing to ensure their daughter’s safety and have publicly stated that they no longer trust Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee. They accused her of trying to suppress public anger over the incident.

In her defense, Ms. Banerjee claimed that the state police had completed 90% of the investigation before the case was handed over to the CBI. She has also accused opposition parties of politicizing the tragedy for their gain. Despite this, Ms. Banerjee has called for a swift conclusion to the investigation and demanded that those responsible for the crime be given the death penalty.

In response to the widespread protests and criticism, the West Bengal government announced several new safety measures for women in the workplace. These include the creation of designated resting rooms and CCTV-monitored “safe zones” in state-run hospitals.

Meanwhile, the Kolkata police have issued notices to over 200 individuals, including students, activists, and members of political parties, for allegedly spreading “false information” about the case and for revealing the victim’s identity.

Gita Gopinath, the first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), indicated that widening the Goods and Services Tax (GST) base in India could potentially increase the country’s revenue by up to 1% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Speaking at the Delhi School of Economics’ diamond jubilee conference, Gopinath highlighted that enhancing the GST framework could help meet India’s growing development expenditure needs.

Addressing a question from economist and former chairperson of the Fifteenth Finance Commission, NK Singh, Gopinath explained that India’s current development phase requires a different approach to fiscal management. “Given that India has to make public spending, any fiscal consolidation has to come from the channel of raising revenues,” Gopinath stated. She emphasized that reducing spending alone would not provide sufficient fiscal space at this stage of development.

Gopinath elaborated on strategies for nations to mobilize resources amid high debt and interest rates. “One example of how India can raise revenue as a share of GDP has to do with GST,” she said. “GST has begun to deliver good results. As we see it, there is a way to simplify it further, so there are fewer rates and a broader base. You can end up with an additional 1% of GDP as revenue through this,” she added.

In addition to GST reform, Gopinath suggested that India could make financial savings by targeting specific subsidies, such as the fertilizer subsidy. “Having a much broader base for personal income tax will also be helpful,” she noted.

Regarding India’s aspirations to become a developed country, Gopinath outlined several key requirements. She pointed out that consistent and broad-scale efforts across various sectors are necessary for India to achieve developed status. Despite being the world’s fastest-growing major economy, she highlighted the need for sustained economic advancement to elevate per-capita income to levels comparable to advanced economies. “The question is how does one keep that up and raise it so that per-capita income reaches the levels seen in advanced economies,” Gopinath said.

Improving workforce skills and education was another critical factor Gopinath identified. “If you look at the years of formal education in India compared to that of its G20 peers, it is on the lower end. Increasing education, the depth of that education, and the depth of the skills that students pick up are going to be absolutely critical if one has to get to upper-middle and high-income status,” she remarked.

Investment in public infrastructure was also emphasized as a crucial component for development. Gopinath acknowledged the Indian government’s efforts in advancing public and digital infrastructure but noted a significant gap between current provisions and actual needs. “The government has done a lot on that front – in public infrastructure and digital infrastructure. But there is a big gap between what is needed and where the country is. Clearly, the government has every intention to do that,” she said.

Additionally, Gopinath discussed the importance of supportive institutions, ease of doing business, an efficient judiciary, and reduced import tariffs. “Being open to trade is important. We are in an environment where trade integration is getting questioned. It is very important for India to open up to trading more,” she stated. She pointed out that India’s trade tariffs are currently higher than those in many peer economies, which could hinder the country’s role in global trade and supply chains. “Trade tariffs in India are higher than in its peer economies. If India wants to be an important player in the world stage and an important player in global supply chains, it is going to require reducing those tariffs,” Gopinath concluded.

The Indian Medical Association (IMA) has issued a nationwide call to action following the horrific rape and murder of a resident doctor at a Kolkata hospital. The IMA announced on Friday, August 16, 2024, that non-emergency medical services would be withdrawn for 24 hours starting from 6 a.m. on August 17, 2024, in protest. Despite the strike, essential services, including emergency care and casualty management, will remain operational to ensure that critical patient care is not compromised.

The doctors’ association is not merely reacting to this tragic incident but is also demanding systemic changes to protect healthcare workers. The IMA has listed five key demands, the foremost of which is a comprehensive overhaul of the working and living conditions for resident doctors. These young doctors often endure grueling work schedules, including 36-hour shifts, as was the case with the victim at the time of the incident. The IMA is calling for these extreme working hours to be reconsidered to prevent such tragedies from recurring.

Additionally, the IMA is demanding that hospitals be declared “safe zones.” The association insists that the security protocols in hospitals should be comparable to those found at airports. This would include mandatory security measures such as the installation of CCTVs, the deployment of security personnel, and the establishment of stringent security protocols to safeguard both staff and patients. “Declaring the hospitals as safe zones with mandatory security entitlements is the first step. CCTVs, deployment of security personnel and the protocols can follow,” the IMA emphasized in its statement.

The IMA’s demands also extend to the investigation and legal aftermath of the crime. The association has called for a meticulous and professional investigation of the incident within a specified time frame, ensuring that justice is served swiftly and fairly. Furthermore, the IMA insists on identifying and punishing those responsible for the vandalism that took place at the hospital following the crime. The association believes that setting an example through stringent punishment will deter future acts of violence and vandalism against healthcare facilities.

In addition to these demands, the IMA is advocating for appropriate compensation for the family of the deceased doctor. They argue that the compensation should reflect the severity and cruelty of the crime, offering some measure of justice to the bereaved family.

The incident at R.G. Kar Hospital has not only shocked the medical community but has also stirred the conscience of the entire nation. The IMA’s statement highlights two critical aspects of the violence that unfolded at the hospital: the barbaric crime itself, which was facilitated by the lack of safe spaces for women, and the subsequent hooliganism that ensued due to the absence of an organized security protocol. “The crime and the vandalism have shocked the conscience of the nation. Today, both the medical fraternity and the nation are victims,” the IMA’s statement poignantly noted.

The strike, which will impact routine outpatient department (OPD) services and elective surgeries across the country, is a significant move by the IMA to draw attention to the dire need for reforms in the healthcare system. The association has made it clear that this is not just about the incident in Kolkata but about the broader issue of safety and security for healthcare professionals across the nation.

The IMA’s decision to withdraw services nationwide reflects the gravity of the situation and the urgent need for the government to address the systemic issues that put healthcare workers at risk. By calling for hospitals to be designated as safe zones, the IMA is advocating for a fundamental change in how healthcare facilities are perceived and protected. The association’s demands for better working conditions and comprehensive security measures are aimed at preventing such tragedies from happening again.

As the nation prepares for the strike, the IMA’s actions have garnered widespread support from the medical community, with many doctors expressing solidarity with the association’s demands. The incident has also sparked a broader conversation about the safety of healthcare professionals and the need for systemic reforms to ensure that those who dedicate their lives to saving others are themselves protected.

The IMA’s call for a nationwide strike is not just a protest but a plea for change. It is a call to the government and the public to recognize the sacrifices made by healthcare workers and to ensure that they can work in an environment that is both safe and supportive. The association’s demands are a reflection of the deep-seated issues within the healthcare system that need to be addressed to prevent further tragedies.

The IMA’s strike and demands highlight the urgent need for reforms in the healthcare system to protect the lives and well-being of healthcare professionals. The association’s calls for better working conditions, enhanced security measures, and justice for the victims are not just demands but necessities that must be addressed to ensure the safety and security of all healthcare workers in the country. The tragic incident in Kolkata has brought these issues to the forefront, and the IMA’s actions are a crucial step towards bringing about the necessary changes in the healthcare system.

The Indian economy is under increasing scrutiny as discussions intensify over whether the country could become the “next China.” China played a crucial role in driving global growth for nearly three decades, contributing more than a quarter to global GDP expansion between 1990 and 2020. Specifically, from 2013 to 2021, China accounted for almost 39% of global GDP growth—13% more than the combined contribution of G7 countries.

For India to emulate China, it would need to sustain a near double-digit growth rate for close to three decades, integrate into the global manufacturing supply chain, become an export powerhouse, and attract substantial foreign investment. Although this is a formidable challenge, India finds itself at a critical juncture, similar to where China stood over 40 years ago.

China’s rise was shaped by key political and economic factors of the 1970s. During this period, the intensifying U.S.-Soviet rivalry and the Sino-Soviet split led the U.S.-led West to open up to China in 1971, creating favorable conditions for China as it launched economic reforms in the late 1970s.

Today, a similar inclination exists within the West toward India, driven by deepening strategic competition with China. Beijing’s growing diplomatic and economic influence, evident in its aggressive foreign policy and economic coercion, has raised concerns about overdependence and strategic vulnerabilities in the West. Consequently, the U.S. and its allies are reassessing their partnerships with China and exploring options for de-risking and diversification, with India emerging as a preferred partner.

Another factor that worked in China’s favor was the simultaneous emergence of global businesses seeking to increase competitiveness by offshoring operations to Asia. Following the Sino-U.S. rapprochement in the 1970s, China, with its vast pool of cheap labor, became an attractive destination for these businesses.

A similar shift is happening today. The deepening rivalry between the U.S. and China has prompted Washington to impose unilateral and multilateral export restrictions on Chinese companies, limiting their access to key technological goods. In response, China has introduced strict regulatory compliance requirements for foreign companies. Faced with regulatory challenges from both Washington and Beijing, foreign firms operating in China are looking to redirect their investments elsewhere. India, in turn, has emerged as a credible alternative.

The Indian government appears eager to capitalize on the opportunities arising from the global de-risking strategy. This is evident in its strong support for high-profile projects involving the manufacturing of iPhones and the assembly of semiconductors.

China also had the advantage of a rapidly growing consumer base, which none of its Asian competitors could match. Over time, this expanding consumer market became increasingly influential in shaping business decisions. The downsides of rising labor costs in China were offset by the skill competitiveness of its labor force and the growth of its consumer base.

India today has a similar advantage. The country currently boasts the second-largest consumer base—defined as people spending above $12 a day—of over 500 million, second only to China’s 900 million. Projections indicate that by 2030, India’s consumer base will grow to 773 million, trailing only China’s 1.062 billion. The gap between China and India will continue to narrow in the coming years.

Despite these advantages, India faces several significant challenges. One of the most pressing is the rise of protectionism globally and the resurgence of industrial policies even within the heart of liberal capitalist economies.

China’s economic success was largely driven by the wave of globalization that began around 1980 and continued until the 2008 global financial crisis. However, the economic rationale underlying globalization has come under severe stress in recent years. The trend of weaponizing trade has made nations increasingly wary of economic coercion.

Domestic political pressures have led countries to pursue some form of self-sufficiency. Even the strongest advocates of free trade have started offering subsidies to encourage the repatriation of investments. The slowdown in globalization is thus the biggest obstacle to India’s ambitions. This challenge is further exacerbated by India’s reluctance to fully embrace the remaining aspects of globalization, as seen in its higher import tariffs and skepticism toward multilateral trade agreements.

Nonetheless, India stands to gain from the ongoing de-risking and “China plus one” strategies, although not to the extent seen in the 1980s and 1990s. While India has emerged as a strong contender in this contest, it faces stiff competition from countries like Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia, which could limit its gains both in absolute and relative terms.

The EU Chamber of Commerce in China has noted that while India has performed better than any Southeast Asian country and has attracted 15% of European investment diversifying away from China, it still trails ASEAN as a whole, which has attracted 21% of these redirected investments.

Lastly, while a large consumer market can give India a significant advantage over its competitors, experience shows that this is a third-order factor in attracting inbound investments. This is evident from the fact that Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Thailand—all with much smaller domestic markets—have attracted significantly higher foreign direct investment (FDI) as a percentage of their GDP.

Openness to foreign investment and ease of doing business are crucial for driving growth. According to the OECD’s FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index, India is on par with or even better than its competitors in terms of openness to foreign investment. However, when it comes to ease of doing business, India lags far behind, preventing its consumer market from driving inbound investment.

Currently, India contributes 16% of global economic growth, compared to China’s 34%. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts that India’s share will rise to 18% over the next five years. As China’s share declines due to its economic slowdown, India is strategically positioned to emerge as the leading engine of growth—provided it navigates the aforementioned challenges effectively.

On Monday, the Indian rupee plunged to an unprecedented low at the market’s opening, triggered by escalating concerns that the risk aversion sparked by fears of a U.S. recession could result in foreign capital outflows. The rupee commenced trading at 83.78 against the U.S. dollar, down from its previous close of 83.75, and breached its previous all-time low of 83.7525, which had been reached just the previous Friday.

The decline in the rupee’s value is closely linked to the broader selloff observed in U.S. and Asian stock markets, which followed a disappointing jobs report. This negative economic indicator has intensified worries that international investors might withdraw funds from India and other emerging markets in search of safer assets.

Given the sharp depreciation, there is speculation that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) may allow the USD/INR exchange rate to increase further, possibly reaching 83.90. A trader from a public sector bank commented, “The sharp selloff may prompt the Reserve Bank of India to let USD/INR move higher to 83.90.”

As the rupee continues to weaken, the possibility of continued foreign outflows and further depreciation remains a significant concern for investors and policymakers alike.

India is on the brink of completing its most advanced nuclear reactor, a significant milestone in the nation’s nuclear energy ambitions. The Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), situated in Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, has been given the green light by India’s atomic regulatory body to start loading nuclear fuel. This development ushers in a controlled chain reaction in what is considered India’s most sophisticated and complex nuclear reactor.

The PFBR, a 500MW liquid sodium-cooled reactor, has been in development for two decades. Concerns have been raised about the use of sodium, a hazardous material, as a coolant. However, the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has conducted thorough safety reviews and inspections, ensuring the reactor’s safety. Once operational, India will join Russia as one of the only two nations with commercially operating fast breeder reactors.

“This is a monumental achievement for India’s self-reliant atomic energy program,” stated Dinesh Kumar Shukla, chairman of the AERB, as reported by NDTV. He emphasized that the PFBR is an “inherently safe reactor.”

The PFBR is entirely domestically designed and constructed, involving over 200 Indian industries, aligning with the government’s self-reliance push. Despite the technological challenges and the necessity for indigenous solutions, the project has experienced delays and cost overruns, now amounting to ₹68,400m (£651.43m).

The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) describes the PFBR as a third-generation reactor featuring passive safety systems, ensuring it can safely shut down during emergencies. It also utilizes spent fuel from India’s nuclear program, thereby reducing nuclear waste and the need for long-term geological disposal.

Even with its advanced features, the PFBR’s capital and operational costs are comparable to those of other nuclear and conventional power plants. The reactor’s approval is also a significant step toward India’s utilization of plutonium as a nuclear fuel and opens the door for future thorium use—a resource India has in abundance.

India’s limited uranium reserves make thorium a critical element for the country’s long-term energy security, with experts suggesting that thorium could provide energy for over 300 years. Mastering thorium-based technology is seen as essential for securing India’s energy future.

Fast breeder reactors like the PFBR are unique because they generate more fuel than they consume, creating a nearly inexhaustible energy source. The term “fast” refers to the high-energy neutrons used in these reactors. India already operates a Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) at the same location, which has been in operation for 39 years.

With the AERB’s approval, the PFBR can now proceed with fuel loading and initial low-power physics experiments, and it is expected to become fully operational within a few months. Initially, the PFBR will use Uranium-Plutonium Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel. A surrounding uranium-238 “blanket” will produce additional fuel through a process known as nuclear transmutation, which is the breeding mechanism that defines these reactors.

In the future, thorium-232 may also be used as a blanket material, producing fissile uranium-233 through transmutation, which will play a crucial role in the third stage of India’s nuclear program. This stage is essential for exploiting India’s extensive thorium reserves.

Nuclear energy is considered a reliable and low-carbon source of electricity, contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and helping to diversify the energy supply. However, safety and waste management concerns persist, and researchers are exploring new technologies to address these issues.

China recently revealed the world’s first “meltdown-proof” nuclear power plant, highlighting the global focus on advancing nuclear technology. Currently, nuclear energy constitutes only 3.11 percent of India’s total power generation, but the country has ambitious plans to increase this share to nearly 9 percent by 2047, with significant investments being made in nuclear technology.

During the presentation of India’s latest annual budget, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman informed parliament that nuclear energy would become “a very significant part of the energy mix” for India’s growth. The government aims to expand the nation’s nuclear power capacity from 6,780MW to 22,480MW by 2031, which will involve constructing 18 new reactors with a combined capacity of 13.8GW of electricity. Following the PFBR, two additional fast breeder reactors are in the planning stages.

India has firmly positioned the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) as the linchpin for ensuring a free and open Indo-Pacific, a region that is increasingly perceived as being under threat due to China’s assertive actions. The Quad, comprising India, the United States, Australia, and Japan, convened a foreign ministers’ meeting in Tokyo on Monday. During this meeting, they expressed serious concerns about the deteriorating security situation in the region, particularly in the South China Sea.

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar represented India, while the United States was represented by Secretary of State Antony Blinken, Japan by Foreign Minister Yoko Kamikawa, and Australia by Foreign Minister Penny Wong.

Key Highlights from the Meeting:

Strong Message to China:

The Quad reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining a free and open Indo-Pacific, emphasizing its opposition to any unilateral actions by China aimed at altering the status quo through force or coercion. This stance includes significant concerns about the situation in the South China Sea, where China’s use of coast guard and maritime militia vessels has been particularly troubling.

The ministers collectively stated, “All countries have a role in contributing to regional peace, stability, and prosperity, while seeking a region in which no country dominates and no country is dominated. Competition is managed responsibly, and each country is free from coercion in all its forms and can exercise its agency to determine its own future.”

The Quad foreign ministers also specifically highlighted increasing Chinese activities in the South China Sea, particularly the “dangerous use” of coast guard and maritime militia vessels. Their joint statement emphasized, “We continue to express our serious concern about the militarization of disputed features, and coercive and intimidating maneuvers in the South China Sea.” They further added, “We also express our serious concern about the dangerous use of coast guard and maritime militia vessels, the increasing use of various kinds of dangerous maneuvers, and efforts to disrupt other countries’ offshore resource exploitation activities.”

Expanded Maritime Domain Awareness:

The Quad aims to extend its Indo-Pacific Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) program to include the Indian Ocean region, facilitating the monitoring of strategic waters. They also plan to operationalize the South Asia program through India’s Information Fusion Centre for the Indian Ocean Region.

The ministers noted that the Quad is making progress in developing a “trusted, secure and robust” telecommunication network. They announced plans to implement Open Radio Access Networks (Open RAN) in the island nation of Palau.

Upholding a Free and Open Order:

The ministers underscored the importance of upholding the free and open rules-based global order, which includes respecting sovereignty, territorial integrity, human rights, and democratic values. They declared, “We reaffirm the Quad’s steadfast commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific, which is inclusive and resilient, and are united in our commitment to upholding the free and open rules-based international order, with its strong support for the principle of freedom, human rights, the rule of law, democratic values, sovereignty and territorial integrity, and peaceful settlement of disputes.”

Furthermore, the ministers reiterated the necessity of establishing a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in line with international law, consistent with the UN Charter, and emphasizing respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity. They stated, “We reiterate the need for a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in line with international law, consistent with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, including respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity.”

The ministers emphasized adherence to international law, particularly the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), as essential in addressing challenges to the global maritime rules-based order, especially in the South and East China Seas.

Countering Terrorism:

The Quad unequivocally condemned terrorism, including the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, urging countries to prevent their territories from being used for terrorist activities. They called for swift action against UN-listed terrorist groups, asserting, “We strongly reiterate our condemnation of terrorist attacks, including the 26/11 Mumbai and Pathankot attacks, and call for bringing the perpetrators of these attacks to justice without delay.”

The ministers also emphasized the need for countries to take immediate, sustained, and irreversible action to prevent their territories from being used for terrorist purposes. They added, “We reiterate the call for concerted action against all UN-listed terrorist groups including Al-Qa’ida, ISIS/Daesh, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT), Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM), and their proxy groups.”

Addressing Global Issues:

The Quad expressed profound concern about the ongoing war in Ukraine and the accompanying humanitarian crisis. They also voiced concern over the situation in Gaza and Myanmar, calling for a ceasefire and the release of hostages.

Regarding Gaza, the ministers described the large-scale loss of civilian lives and the humanitarian crisis as “unacceptable.” They unequivocally condemned the terror attacks on October 7, 2023, stating, “We unequivocally condemn the terror attacks on October 7, 2023. The large-scale loss of civilian lives and the humanitarian crisis in Gaza is unacceptable.”

The Quad ministers also underscored the importance of securing the release of all hostages held by Hamas, emphasizing that the release of hostages would pave the way for an immediate and prolonged ceasefire in Gaza. They said, “We affirm the imperative of securing the release of all hostages held by Hamas, and emphasize that the deal to release hostages would bring an immediate and prolonged ceasefire in Gaza.”

In their statement, the Quad foreign ministers expressed their “deepest concern over the war raging in Ukraine, including its terrible and tragic humanitarian consequences.”

#### Action-Oriented Approach: Quad Not Just a Talk Shop

India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar emphasized the Quad’s proactive role in promoting a free and open rules-based order. In a post-meeting press conference, he outlined the Quad’s achievements and future directions.

Jaishankar underscored the Quad’s deep integration into the foreign policies of its member countries, stating, “The real satisfaction I have is to see how deeply and systemically it has now got embedded in our foreign policies.”

He outlined the Quad’s expansive agenda, which covers a wide array of areas including telecom technology, humanitarian relief, critical technologies, cyber and health security, and climate action. He remarked, “We are working from trusted telecom technology and under-sea cable connectivity… to critical and emerging technologies, cyber and health security.”

Jaishankar dismissed the notion that the Quad is merely a platform for discussions, asserting, “This is not a talk shop but a platform that generates practical outcomes.” He cited various initiatives such as the Indo-Pacific Maritime Domain Awareness and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations as examples of the Quad’s practical impact.

He also highlighted the importance of the Quad’s shared democratic values, stating, “The overall messaging is that our four countries… are working together for a free and open Indo-Pacific, for a rules-based order, and for global good.”

Jaishankar concluded by noting the strong interactive dynamics between the Quad and bilateral relationships, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation. He remarked, “The Quad is a great contemporary example of both.”

Given the country’s innate strengths, it is possible to imagine India striking out into the next decade to become the second largest economy in the world not by 2048, but by 2031, and the largest economy of the world by 2060, said Michael Debabrata Patra, Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) during a program at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie.

“It is possible to imagine India striking out into the next decade to become the second largest economy in the world not by 2048, but by 2031 and the largest economy of the world by 2060,” said Mr Patra.

The deputy governor stated during an event of the Mid-Career Training Programme for officials of the Indian Administrative Service on July 9, at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration.

He also called India’s journey in economic development an eventful and arduous one and added that during the last financial year 2023-24, India became a USD 3.6 trillion-dollar economy.

“India had become a ₹ 295.4 lakh crore or USD 3.6 trillion dollars’ economy at current exchange rates. At a per capita income of ₹ 2,07,030 or USD 2,500, India belongs in the lower middle-income group of countries. Reaching here has been an eventful and arduous journey, marked by what statisticians call ‘structural breaks” said Mr Patra.

The deputy governor also added that if India wants to become a developed economy it will have to grow at a rate of 9.6 per cent per annum for the next ten years.

“If India can grow at the rate of 9.6 per cent per annum over the next ten years, it will break free of the shackles of the lower middle-income trap and become a developed economy,” he said.

“Historically, India’s investment has been financed by domestic savings, with households being the prime provider of resources to the rest of the economy. In the period 2021-23, the gross domestic saving rate has averaged 30.7 per cent of gross national disposable income. Thus, unlike many countries, India does not have to depend on foreign resources, which play a minor and supplemental role in the growth process,” he added.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) projects that in PPP (purchasing power parity) terms, India will overtake the US by 2048 to become the second-largest economy in the world.

For rising inflation in the Indian economy, the deputy governor stated that RBI is committed to aligning inflation with the target and the inflation will ease to 4.1 per cent in 2025-26.

“RBI has anchored expectations by remaining committed to aligning inflation with the target and regards the recent easing of price pressures as work in progress. It projects inflation to average 4.5 per cent in 2024-25 and 4.1 per cent in 2025-26. The taming of inflation lays the foundations of sustained high growth in the future” said the deputy governor.

He also shared that the Gross non-performing assets (GNPAs) in the banking system have steadily fallen from their peak in March 2018 to 2.8 per cent of total assets by March 2024. The adjusted for provisions, net NPAs are just 0.6 per cent. The capital and liquidity buffers of the country are well above the regulatory norms.

The current account gap in the balance of payments – has remained modest at around 1 per cent of GDP in 2023-24. This provides insulation to the Indian economy from external shocks and imparts viability and strength to the external sector. Illustratively, India’s gross external debt, which is the accumulation of current account deficits over time, is less than 20 per cent of GDP and almost entirely covered by the level of foreign exchange reserves, Patra explained.

Second, the rising growth trajectory on which India is poised is entrenched by macroeconomic and financial stability as inflation has fallen back into the tolerance band around the target of 4 per cent. This reflects the cumulative impact of steadfast monetary policy actions and supply management. In fact, core inflation that excludes food and fuel and is most amenable to monetary policy has fallen to its lowest level ever.

Alongside macroeconomic stability, financial stability is getting reinforced by prudent financial policies and active on-site supervision complemented with off-site surveillance, which harnesses SupTech, big data analytics and cyber security drills. India’s financial sector is predominantly bank-based. Gross non-performing assets (GNPAs) in the banking system have steadily fallen from their peak in March 2018 to 2.8 per cent of total assets by March 2024, he added.

Patra pointed out that another growth multiplier is India’s digital revolution. India is emerging as a world leader in leveraging digital technologies for transformative change. The trinity of JAM – Jan Dhan (basic no-frills accounts); Aadhaar (universal unique identification); and mobile phone connections – is expanding the ambit of formal finance, boosting tech start-ups and enabling the targeting of direct benefit transfers. India’s Unified Payment Interface (UPI), an open-ended system that powers multiple bank accounts into a single mobile application is propelling inter-bank peer-to-peer and person-to-merchant transactions seamlessly. Payment systems in India operate on a 24 by 7 by 365 basis. The internationalisation of the UPI is progressing rapidly, the RBI deputy Governor added.

The Delhi High Court recently ruled that provisions outlined in the Passport Manual of 2020 are overridden by the Citizenship Act of 1955. Justice Subramaniam Prasad passed this order in response to a plea by two minor children challenging the authorities’ decision to revoke their Indian passports and refusal to reissue them.

In its verdict, the High Court directed the authorities to issue passports to the children. Born to Indian parents who later moved to the US, the children sought court intervention to obtain Indian passports without charge. The plea emphasized that while their father retained Indian citizenship, their mother acquired US citizenship under Section 9 of the Citizenship Act.

The High Court’s decision favored the children, affirming that they met the criteria specified in Section 4(1)(A) of the Citizenship Act. This section mandates that a minor holding citizenship of India and another country must renounce one of them upon reaching adulthood to retain Indian citizenship.

The court highlighted the government’s stance, referencing a 2011 circular acknowledging that minors may hold dual citizenship until they reach adulthood and opt to renounce one citizenship. It emphasized that the government recognized minors’ entitlement to Indian passports and the option to renounce foreign citizenship to maintain Indian nationality.

Despite this, the authorities cited the Passport Manual of 2020, which asserts that no Indian citizen, including minors, can possess both Indian and foreign passports simultaneously. The High Court pointed out the inconsistency between the Passport Manual and the Citizenship Act.

According to the court, “Clearly, the Passport Manual is at variance with Section 4 of the Citizenship Act, which will undoubtedly prevail over the Passport Manual. It is clear that the subordinate legislation cannot override the parent legislation.” Consequently, the court concluded that there was no legal barrier to granting the petitioners’ request and allowed the writ petition in favor of the children.

India is pushing for reforms within the United Nations Security Council, emphasizing the need for a more inclusive approach to decision-making. Ruchira Kamboj, India’s Permanent Representative, underscored the significance of consensus achieved at forums like the G20 Summit in addressing issues that remain unresolved within the UN’s highest decision-making body. She highlighted the contrast between the stagnation of the Security Council, often trapped in a “cold war” mentality due to polarization among its permanent members, and the progress made at the G20 Summit.

Kamboj reiterated the necessity of restructuring the Security Council’s permanent membership to better reflect contemporary global realities, asserting that diplomacy and dialogue require a more representative framework to effectively tackle challenges. She emphasized the significance of initiatives such as the Veto Initiative, which aims to hold Security Council permanent members accountable for their veto actions.

Despite the Security Council’s paralysis in addressing conflicts like the ongoing Ukraine War, forums like the G20 Summit have demonstrated the potential for consensus-building among a broader range of nations. Kamboj pointed out that the G20’s diverse membership and commitment to equality facilitated agreement on critical issues like territorial integrity and the inadmissibility of nuclear weapons use or threats.

The Veto Initiative, established in 2022 in response to the Security Council’s impasse over Ukraine, reflects the urgent need for reform within the Council. UN General Assembly President Dennis Francis emphasized the importance of revitalizing the Council’s ability to fulfill its responsibilities, urging member states to engage in constructive dialogue and bridge divisions to drive impactful solutions.

Kamboj criticized the “dysfunctionality” of the Security Council, attributing it not only to the use of the veto but also to the outdated membership structure that fails to align with contemporary global dynamics. She stressed that a majority of member states, including those that were not independent at the UN Charter’s drafting, support reform efforts, highlighting the disconnect between the Council’s decisions and the diverse perspectives of its constituents.

Addressing the obstacles to reform, Kamboj lamented the influence of a minority of dissenters within the Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN), who hinder progress by demanding consensus before negotiations and blocking the adoption of a negotiating text. She also raised concerns about the lack of transparency in the Security Council’s operations, particularly regarding the use of holds and blocks within the Sanction Committee, which often shield terrorists from accountability.

Kamboj specifically highlighted instances where China has leveraged its influence to protect terrorists with ties to Pakistan, underscoring the need for greater transparency and accountability within the Security Council. Through her remarks, Kamboj emphasized India’s commitment to reforming the Security Council to better serve the interests of all member states and address pressing global challenges.

Construction advancements in India’s inaugural bullet train project are on track, poised to inaugurate the initial section by 2026, announced Union Railways and IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw in an interview with IANS on Tuesday.

“The progress on the Ahmedabad-Mumbai route for the bullet trains is notably substantial,” Vaishnaw stated, detailing the significant strides made in infrastructure development.

“We’ve accomplished over 290 kilometers of groundwork, including the construction of bridges over eight rivers. Concurrently, construction activities are underway at 12 stations, which are swiftly nearing completion,” the Minister disclosed.

Highlighting the project’s complexity, Vaishnaw noted the meticulous design process that spanned nearly two-and-a-half years since its commencement in 2017.

“The intricacies of the design are paramount due to the intense vibrations expected at the operating speed of the bullet train,” he explained. “Every aspect, from managing vibrations to electricity supply mechanisms and aerodynamics, demanded meticulous attention right from the outset.”

Acknowledging the pandemic-induced hurdles, Vaishnaw mentioned the temporary setback caused by Maharashtra’s initial reluctance under Uddhav Thackeray’s administration.

“Despite the brief delay stemming from administrative issues, progress resumed promptly, and the project is now advancing steadily,” Vaishnaw affirmed.

The bullet train corridor encompasses a 21-kilometer tunnel, including a challenging 7-kilometer stretch submerged beneath the sea, with the tunnel’s deepest point reaching 56 meters.

Within the tunnel, the bullet trains are slated to operate at speeds ranging between 300 to 320 kilometers per hour, underscoring the project’s commitment to establishing a high-speed, high-capacity transportation system.

“The overarching goal is to establish a cutting-edge mass transportation network by leveraging Japan’s renowned Shinkansen technology,” Vaishnaw reiterated, emphasizing the transformative potential of the bullet train initiative connecting Mumbai and Ahmedabad.

India solidified its position as the fourth-largest spender on military endeavors globally in 2023, according to a report by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), while the United States retained its top spot. India allocated $83.6 billion towards defense, marking a 4.2 percent increase from the preceding year. Meanwhile, the United States led the pack with an expenditure of $916 billion, constituting 37 percent of the world’s total military spending. China followed in second place with an estimated $296 billion.

In light of escalating tensions, particularly along the China border since the Ladakh standoff in May 2020, India has ramped up efforts to enhance its defense capabilities. The country’s strategic emphasis on modernization, covering a range of assets from fighter jets to unmanned technologies, highlights its proactive stance in addressing regional security concerns.

India’s defense budget for 2024-25 reflects a slightly lower allocation compared to the revised estimates of the previous year. Nevertheless, it still represents a significant increase from the budget estimates for 2023-24.

The latest data also revealed a substantial surge in arms exports by the United States between 2014–18 and 2019–23, with a notable 17 percent increase, cementing its status as the leading exporter worldwide. During 2019–23, the US supplied major arms to 107 countries, surpassing the collective efforts of its closest competitors.

On a global scale, amid disruptions to international peace, military spending soared by 7 percent to reach $2.43 trillion in 2023, marking the most substantial annual increase since 2009, as per SIPRI’s findings. The Democratic Republic of the Congo witnessed the largest percentage surge (+105 percent) in military expenditure among all nations in 2023, largely attributed to escalations between the government and non-state armed groups.

Established in 1966, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) is a global organization headquartered in Stockholm. It provides data, analysis, and recommendations pertaining to armed conflicts, military expenditure, arms trade, as well as disarmament and arms control.

The Indian Consulate in New York commemorated #Baisakhi at the Consulate premises on April 19, 2024, with the active involvement of the community. Publisher of Indian Panorama, Indrajit Singh Saluja, emerged as one of the key figures behind the organization of the festival. The Consulate’s expansive hall brimmed with attendees, representing not only the Sikh community but also individuals from diverse faiths, converging to honor the festival symbolizing the New Year for Sikhs and Punjabis, and the genesis of the Sikh Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699. Collaborating closely with leaders from gurudwaras in New York and New Jersey, the event fostered a sense of unity and celebration.

Various speakers took the stage, including Dr. Jeph and Dr. Sudhir Parikh, who emphasized the universal significance of Vaisakhi and the principles advocated by Sikh Gurus, such as compassion, harmony, service, and equality. Dr. Jeph highlighted the significant contributions of the Punjabi community to India’s nation-building endeavors, extending warm wishes for a Happy Baisakhi to the assembled audience.

Reflecting on the occasion, DCG Jeph articulated, “We are marking the beginning of the Punjabi New Year, we are marking the beginning of the Sikh pant that Guru Gobindji established, and we are celebrating the spirit of togetherness, love, harmony, and that is reflected in all the people from different faiths coming together in this joyous occasion.”

Padma Shri awardee Dr. Parikh, chairman of Parikh Worldwide Media and ITV Gold, reiterated the multifaceted essence of Vaisakhi, stating, “Vaisakhi is not just a religious festival, or a part of the agriculture harvest, . It is a celebration of Humanity, its a celebration of the starting of the great Khalsa  paner. And its a celebration to learn more about Guru Gobind Singh. It speaks about love and peace in the world. Today it is a celebration of love of each other, respect of each other.” He extended an invitation to the attendees to leverage the platform of his media outlets to disseminate their ideas and initiatives, concluding with a blessing, “God bless America, God bless India, God bless Khalsa pant, and God bless all of you.”

Speaking to ITV Gold, Saluja remarked, “We celebrated Vaisakhi with a lot of fun, a lot of entertainment, and also a lot of very serious consideration of what Vaisakhi is and what Sikhism is. We have had people coming from all walks of life, from New Jersey, Connecticut, Long Island and New York City.” He particularly highlighted the captivating Bhangra dance performance by Surati for Performing Arts as one of the event’s highlights.

Dr. V.K. Raju, the founder of Eye Foundation of America, extended his greetings for Happy Baisakhi and underscored the imperative of aiding children and eradicating the menace of blindness globally.

The event served as a platform to showcase Punjab’s rich heritage and traditions, which intricately contribute to India’s diverse cultural mosaic, fostering a sense of communal celebration rooted in shared ancestry.

India’s upcoming general election commences this week, marking a significant event in the world’s largest democracy. Opinion polls anticipate a continuation of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party’s tenure, led by an alliance against an opposition coalition spearheaded by the Indian National Congress. The outcome will shape the destiny of the world’s fifth-largest economy, potentially propelling India to the third spot by the decade’s end, trailing behind China and the United States.

Simultaneously, India is poised to elevate its stature as a scientific powerhouse, although this aspiration hinges on pivotal factors. Scholars caution that successive administrations have overlooked fundamental research, emphasizing the necessity for greater research autonomy. A vital facet in this endeavor involves addressing the funding deficit. To this end, India could augment science expenditure by fostering increased corporate involvement, mirroring practices observed in other major economies.

India boasts substantial achievements in various domains. Notably, it hosts the world’s third-largest pharmaceutical industry by volume, renowned for supplying affordable medicines and generic drugs crucial in the global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, India achieved a historic soft Moon landing, becoming the fourth nation to do so and the first to land near the lunar south pole. Additionally, it operates the world’s largest array of remote-sensing satellites.

The country exhibits remarkable research productivity, trailing only the United States and China in terms of research output. Over the past seven years, the number of universities surged from 760 to 1,113, accompanied by the establishment of seven new Indian Institutes of Technology and two Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research.

However, these accomplishments are juxtaposed against a stark reality: India allocated a mere 0.64% of its GDP towards research and development (R&D) during the 2020–21 period. Regardless of the election outcome, addressing this deficiency and unlocking the potential of increased funding remain imperative.

Comparatively, high-income nations in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) allocated an average of 2.7% of GDP to R&D in 2022, underscoring the vast disparity. China, a formidable global competitor, devoted 2.4% of its GDP to R&D in 2021.

While India’s absolute science spending, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP), exhibited growth from $50.3 billion in 2014–15 to $57.9 billion in 2020–21, the share of R&D expenditure relative to GDP tells a different story. After reaching a peak of 0.82% of GDP in 2009–10, India’s R&D spending dwindled to its present levels.

A notable observation lies in the composition of India’s science spending compared to economies of similar scale. Approximately 60% of India’s research funding originates from central and state governments and universities, with the private sector contributing the remaining 40%. In contrast, private-sector funding constitutes a more substantial proportion in comparable nations, averaging 74% in OECD countries and 66% in the European Union in 2022.

India’s burgeoning corporate landscape, spanning construction, information technology, manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals, presents a ripe opportunity for enhanced research contributions. Yet, a paradigm shift is required to mobilize these entities towards bolstering national research endeavors.

In a significant legislative move, the Indian parliament endorsed the establishment of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) last August. Endowed with disbursing 500 billion rupees ($6 billion) over five years to universities and laboratories, with 70% sourced from non-governmental entities such as philanthropists and industry, the ANRF aims to rectify perceptions of neglect towards basic research. However, ANRF constitutes only one facet of a multifaceted strategy. The incoming government, in collaboration with corporate entities, must explore avenues to further augment science investment.

Investments in scientific research, both public and private, yield substantial dividends, catalyzing economic growth, societal advancement, and improved health outcomes. Acknowledging this, leading economies prioritize science in their budgets, cognizant of the transformative potential of research investments. The incoming administration, post the culmination of India’s electoral marathon on June 1, must emulate these practices, recognizing India’s capacity and obligation to prioritize scientific advancement.