President Trump signed a tax cut and spending package, dubbed the “big, beautiful bill,” which enacts several sweeping fiscal changes, including permanent tax cuts, Medicaid reforms, and funding modifications for key federal programs.
In a celebratory move marking the Fourth of July, President Trump officially enacted a significant tax cut and spending bill into law. Promoted as the “big, beautiful bill,” the legislation aims to solidify previous tax cuts while making extensive modifications to federal funding, including Medicaid and food assistance programs, as well as education loans and energy incentives.
The newly signed law allocates increased funds for defense and the border wall, while making Trump’s earlier 2017 tax reductions permanent. However, these adjustments come with notable compensations: substantial cuts to Medicaid, food assistance programs like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), student loan structures, and initiatives promoting clean energy.
Healthcare coverage under Medicaid is particularly affected, with the Congressional Budget Office estimating that about 16 million Americans could lose their health insurance by 2034. This would result from cuts to Medicaid funding, as well as changes affecting the Affordable Care Act marketplace.
Among the controversial changes are new work requirements for Medicaid recipients. Adults aged 19 to 64 must work a minimum of 80 hours monthly to maintain Medicaid coverage, with exemptions granted for those with dependent children or specific medical conditions. While funding changes are postponed until 2028, these work requirements are slated to be implemented by December 31, 2026.
The SNAP program will also experience transformations in both funding and eligibility criteria. Starting in 2028, states with a payment error rate of 6 percent or more will need to partially fund SNAP, although those with the highest error rates can delay these contributions by two more years. Furthermore, the age threshold for work requirements is extended from 54 to 64, affecting most adults unless they have children under 14.
In terms of tax modifications, the legislation assures permanence for the 2017 tax cuts and introduces several significant updates. Residents of high-tax states like New York and California will benefit from increased deductions related to state and local taxes, lasting through 2028. Working-class individuals will encounter new provisions, such as tax-deductible tips under $25,000 and tax-deductible overtime pay up to $12,500, both aimed to conclude in 2028.
Additional tax adjustments include reforms to the child tax credit, now set at $2,200 per child with inflation adjustments beginning next year, and an increased deduction for Americans over 65, amounting to an extra $6,000 through 2028.
The bill also scales back initiatives from the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act targeting clean energy. Notable eliminations include electric vehicle tax credits commencing September 30 of this year and other energy-related tax incentives phased out starting next year. Further, the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund, supporting local emissions projects, will be concluded, albeit existing contracts are expected to remain intact.
Educational finance sees restructuring with the replacement of Grad PLUS loans and repayment options like the SAVE Plan. The introduction of Repayment Assistance Plan options and standard repayment plans will limit borrowing to $100,000 for many graduate students and $200,000 for professional students. These changes, including adjustments to endowments-based tax rates on colleges, are to be enforced by July 2026.
In a statement on the sweeping implications of the new law, Republicans advocate the permanence of the tax cuts ahead of upcoming elections, viewing them as an appealing factor for voters. Meanwhile, Democrats and various advocacy groups voice concerns about the anticipated impacts on healthcare access and financial support for vulnerable populations.
The complexities of implementation timescales across different sectors, coupled with political and public reception, will likely shape the ensuing economic landscape in the lead-up to the 2026 midterm elections, according to The Hill.
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