Gangs connected to India are instilling fear in California’s Sikh community, employing extortion tactics that threaten families both locally and abroad, as highlighted by recent incidents surrounding the sport of Kabaddi.
Last fall, Harsimran Singh was poised to attract 15,000 fans to Stockton for an international Kabaddi tournament, celebrating the ancient Indian sport. However, as the event approached, he noticed a troubling trend: athletes began to withdraw, citing various excuses.
As president of the American Kabaddi Federation, Singh felt increasingly unsettled by the growing number of cancellations. In search of answers, he discovered that threats from gangsters—many incarcerated in Indian prisons—were influencing players’ decisions. These gangsters were reportedly making phone calls to athletes, warning them not to participate and threatening dire consequences for defiance.
“The players were very afraid; if they got a call, they didn’t want to go against gangsters. They were unwilling to play because they didn’t want to compromise their own safety and their family’s security,” Singh explained.
The intimidation surrounding Singh’s tournament is not an isolated case. It is part of a broader wave of international threats, extortion, and violence targeting Indian and Punjabi Sikh communities across California.
The method employed by these gangs is straightforward: a gang member contacts a victim, demanding money. If the victim refuses, the gang threatens or carries out attacks against their relatives, families, or businesses, whether in the United States or back in India.
California is home to over 250,000 Sikhs, the largest population of its kind in the U.S. Many in this diaspora maintain strong ties to India, frequently traveling to visit family or ancestral homes. This connection, coupled with their wealth and close-knit relationships, has made them attractive targets for criminal networks originating from India’s northern and western states, including Punjab, Haryana, New Delhi, and Rajasthan.
Law enforcement in India has reported that these gangs often target “real estate developers, liquor contractors, transporters, and local businessmen,” individuals with higher incomes or assets. “One of the primary reasons is the large Indian diaspora in California, which provides a degree of anonymity and social cover,” a spokesperson for an organized crime task force in Haryana stated.
In early May 2024, the FBI’s Sacramento field office began raising alarms, urging members of the Central Valley’s Indian community to report extortion attempts. “In recent extortion attempts, subjects demanded a large sum of money and threatened physical violence or death if the demand was not met,” the FBI stated.
At least two homicides in California have been linked to these criminal networks targeting the Indian diaspora. Two suspected members of the Lawrence Bishnoi gang—identified by the FBI as one of India’s most wanted criminal organizations—were killed in Stockton and Fresno, according to local law enforcement.
San Joaquin County Sheriff Patrick Withrow noted that the criminal patterns exhibited by these gangs differ from those rooted solely in domestic crime. “Most of them have an international type of link to them, where it stretches back to India because the threats are being made to family members and businesses back there,” he said.
Initial extortion demands are often calculated to avoid triggering a police response. “They usually start with amounts between $4,000 and $7,000—they figure that’s a range that somebody might pay and still not contact the police,” Withrow explained. Victims often pay these initial demands, hoping it will protect their families and businesses in both the U.S. and India.
However, this rarely resolves the issue. “Most of the time, a few months later, the extortion crew will come back and want more money again,” Withrow added.
His office has reported receiving approximately two extortion-related cases per month over the past year or two. In July, authorities arrested eight alleged members of a gang led by Pavittar Preet Singh, who faces charges in India related to firearms violations, assaults, and homicides.
At the center of this criminal operation is the Lawrence Bishnoi gang, which has a presence in India, the United States, and Canada. Despite being incarcerated in an Indian prison, gang leader Lawrence Bishnoi continues to direct his global network of extortion and targeted killings using encrypted messaging applications and a network of U.S.-based associates.
In December 2023, Bishnoi personally contacted an extortion victim via an audio call, turning on his camera to confirm his identity. This incident provided rare documentary evidence linking him directly to an extortion threat.
U.S.-based members of the Bishnoi gang routinely use platforms like WhatsApp and Signal to relay threats and demands to victims in India. “If the victims do not pay, Bishnoi gang members and associates arrange to have members in India conduct shootings of the victims, their associates, their residences, and their businesses,” the FBI stated in a November indictment against an alleged gang member.
In November 2024, Immigration and Customs Enforcement arrested Anmol Bishnoi, Lawrence Bishnoi’s younger brother, in Nebraska. He is alleged to have played a central role in two high-profile homicides in India, including the killing of renowned Punjabi rapper Sidhu Moose Wala.
Following Anmol’s arrest, two suspected gang associates were killed in California, with law enforcement linking these homicides to gang rivalries. Sacramento County police have connected Indian gangs to 20 shootings over the past four years.
Enforcement actions have continued into 2025, with multiple arrests reported by the FBI and California Highway Patrol. In April, FBI Director Kash Patel announced the arrest of Harpeet Singh, described as an alleged terrorist linked to attacks in Punjab and two international terrorist groups.
A Sikh businessman in California reported receiving an extortion demand from a Bishnoi gang member, who had been calling him for over two months. The gangster initially demanded $1 million, leading the victim to express the psychological toll the threats have taken on his life.
One of the most recent cases involves Jasmeet Singh, an Indian national who allegedly made threats to a victim who had relocated to Canada. After the victim retained an Indian phone number, Singh reportedly obtained that number and issued threats, even identifying the victim’s vehicle.
Although Singh did not mention the Bishnoi gang by name, the FBI concluded that the nature of the threats indicated his association with the gang. His arrest in December followed an investigation initiated by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
Naindeep Singh, executive director of the Jakara Movement, a Sikh advocacy group, noted that these transnational extortion gangs have been active in California for some time. Many community members choose to remain silent due to fear of retaliation against themselves or their families.
Back in Stockton, Harsimran Singh reflected on the challenges faced by his Kabaddi tournament. Despite the threats, the event proceeded with heightened security measures. Law enforcement officials advised him to be cautious, leading to the hiring of additional security personnel.
Singh emphasized the importance of avoiding any activities that could jeopardize the safety of his property or life. “We do not want to engage in any of these activities that could harm our property or our lives,” he stated.
The situation underscores the ongoing challenges faced by California’s Sikh community as they navigate threats from international criminal networks, highlighting the need for vigilance and community support.
This article has been republished with permission from CalMatters.