A recent case highlights the potential for severe allergic reactions to energy drinks due to hidden fish-derived ingredients like cod collagen.
A teenager’s severe allergic reaction to an energy drink has raised concerns about the presence of fish-derived ingredients in unexpected products. This case was presented at the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Annual Scientific Meeting, held from November 12 to 16 in Phoenix, Arizona.
The incident involved a 15-year-old boy who developed widespread hives, wheezing, and difficulty breathing after consuming a new beverage. He was taken to the hospital, where he received two doses of epinephrine, albuterol, an antihistamine, and intravenous fluids. Fortunately, his symptoms resolved following treatment.
Upon reviewing the drink’s label, it was discovered that it contained 5 grams of collagen derived from cod. The teenager had previously experienced mild throat itching and lip swelling when eating canned tuna, although he had consumed salmon without any issues. He also has a history of eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever.
Despite the teenager’s symptoms, skin prick tests for allergies to tuna, cod, and flounder returned negative results. Allergist Annabelle Rowland, M.D., the study’s author and an ACAAI member based in Georgia, emphasized the complexities of fish allergies. “Collagen from fish is showing up in a growing number of products, from drinks to supplements,” she stated. “Standard fish allergy tests mostly look for a different fish protein and contain very little collagen, so a person can test negative and still react.”
A spokesperson for the Council for Responsible Nutrition in Washington, D.C., noted that collagen can be sourced from various animals, including fish, cattle, and pigs. While collagen has been studied for its potential benefits related to skin and joint health, the spokesperson advised consumers to consider their individual health needs and sensitivities when selecting products.
“Fish-derived collagen can pose an allergy risk for people sensitive to fish, and processing or hydrolysis does not necessarily eliminate that risk,” the spokesperson cautioned. They recommended that individuals with fish allergies carefully review product labels, which are required to disclose major food allergens, including fish. Consulting with a healthcare provider before using such products is also advisable.
The case presented at the ACAAI underscores the importance of allergen awareness. However, it is important to note that a single suspected reaction does not establish how frequently such reactions occur. Product manufacturers are legally obligated to provide accurate ingredient information and major allergen disclosures, enabling consumers to make informed choices.
Dr. Sung Poblete, CEO of Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE), highlighted the increasing use of fish collagen in various products, including supplements, beverages, and wellness items. “While many people with fish allergies avoid all finned fish, reactions can vary between individuals and different fish-derived proteins,” she explained. “So someone can be allergic to one type of fin fish and not another.”
Poblete emphasized that labels must specify the species of fish, and crustacean shellfish, such as shrimp, crab, and lobster, must also be clearly identified according to FDA regulations. “For someone managing fish or shellfish allergies, ‘marine collagen’ on a label calls for a closer look at the ingredient list and ‘contains’ statement,” she advised. “If the source still isn’t clear, FARE encourages people to call the manufacturer before using the product.”
Consumers are encouraged to inquire about the source of collagen in products, as well as how they are sourced, packaged, and tested for allergens. “This case offers a timely reminder to read every label, including on drinks and supplements, and talk with an allergist about any reaction, even if a test came back negative,” Poblete added.
As the awareness of food allergies continues to grow, it is crucial for consumers to remain vigilant about the ingredients in the products they consume, particularly those that may contain hidden allergens.
For further insights, refer to the report by the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology.