The Trump administration is set to introduce significant immigration reforms, targeting the H-1B visa program and the U.S. citizenship test, with plans to make both processes more challenging.
The Trump administration is preparing to implement a new wave of immigration reforms aimed at changing the visa system for skilled foreign workers and revising the citizenship test. Joseph Edlow, the newly appointed Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), detailed these plans in an interview with The New York Times, describing the existing citizenship evaluation as “easy.”
“The test as it’s laid out right now, it’s not very difficult. It’s very easy to kind of memorize the answers. I don’t think we’re really comporting with the spirit of the law,” Edlow stated during the interview on Thursday.
The proposed changes arise amid a broader crackdown on immigration during Trump’s second term, which has seen tightened visa rules and reduced refugee programs, affecting both documented and undocumented immigrants. The administration intends to reintroduce a stricter version of the citizenship test first seen during Trump’s initial term in office. Under the new format, applicants must correctly answer 12 out of 20 civics questions compared to the current requirement of 6 out of 10, thereby ensuring a deeper understanding of U.S. civics and governance beyond rote memorization.
Another key proposal involves restructuring the H-1B visa program, which serves skilled foreign workers. Edlow indicated that the USCIS plans to prioritize companies offering higher wages over the current lottery-based system. This revision would address criticism that companies exploit the system by hiring cheaper foreign labor, thus undercutting American workers.
Vice President JD Vance echoed these concerns, criticizing companies that lay off domestic workers while continuing to hire foreign workers. However, Edlow maintains, “I really do think that the way H-1B needs to be used… is to, along with a lot of other parts of immigration, supplement, not supplant, U.S. economy and U.S. businesses and U.S. workers.”
Despite the administration’s push, not everyone agrees with the proposed direction. Doug Rand, a former Biden official, cautioned that favoring higher-salary positions might undermine the original purpose of the H-1B program. “Like it or not, the H-1B program is the main way that U.S. companies can hire the best and brightest international graduates of U.S. universities,” Rand remarked to The New York Times. “Congress never allowed DHS to put its thumb on the scale based on salary.”
Edlow, who was confirmed by the Senate in July 2025, is anticipated to play a pivotal role in shaping immigration policy. With extensive experience in immigration enforcement and policy, stemming from his previous tenure at USCIS and the Justice Department, Edlow emphasized that immigration should serve as a national asset. “I think it absolutely should be a net positive,” he commented. “And if we’re looking at the people that are coming over… to advance certain economic agendas and otherwise benefit the national interest, that’s absolutely what we need to be taking care of.”
Though detailed policy documents outlining these reforms have not yet been disclosed, the USCIS has signaled a broader return to the rigorous approach seen during Trump’s first term. That era witnessed tightened green card eligibility rules and alterations to the asylum system, many of which faced legal challenges.
According to The New York Times, the tangible impact of these proposed changes on businesses and immigrants remains closely watched as the policies unfold.