Singapore, a small city-state in Southeast Asia, has experienced a dramatic rise in life expectancy over the last few decades. In 1960, a child born in the country could expect to live only to around 65 years old. However, today, a newborn in Singapore can anticipate living more than 86 years. The number of centenarians has also doubled between 2010 and 2020. This significant increase in lifespan can be attributed largely to government policies and investments aimed at improving public health and quality of life.
Singapore’s rise in longevity has earned it the distinction of becoming the world’s sixth “Blue Zone” in August 2023. Blue Zones are areas identified by National Geographic journalist Dan Buettner where people tend to live longer and healthier lives due to a mix of lifestyle, culture, diet, and community support. While some researchers have questioned the accuracy of these zones, they remain a symbol of places that offer insights into healthy living. Singapore, however, stands out among Blue Zones for a unique reason: its increase in longevity has more to do with forward-thinking policies rather than longstanding cultural traditions that define other Blue Zones, such as Ikaria in Greece or Nicoya in Costa Rica.
Singapore’s inclusion as a “Blue Zone 2.0” marks a departure from the typical Blue Zone regions. Buettner himself emphasized that Singapore’s achievements reflect proactive planning, rather than traditions that have persisted over centuries. While Singapore’s improvements in life expectancy are notable, the quality of life has also risen, making it an attractive place to live not only for its residents but also for those considering moving there for a healthier, longer life.
The Evolution of Health Policies
Residents of Singapore have witnessed a slow but steady evolution in the country’s policies that aim to enhance their health and wellness. Firdaus Syazwani, a local resident and author of the financial advice blog Dollar Bureau, shared his experience. “Having grown up here, I’ve seen firsthand the transformation in community health consciousness,” he explained. One of the more noticeable changes is the government’s imposition of heavy taxes on cigarettes and alcohol. In addition, public smoking bans have improved the overall environment, making public spaces cleaner and more welcoming. “No more second-hand smoke!” Syazwani added.
He was, however, surprised by Singapore’s designation as a Blue Zone, citing the high levels of sugar, salt, and coconut milk in traditional Singaporean dishes. Despite this, government policies are pushing for healthier eating habits. “Given our local cuisine’s penchant for richer ingredients, the Health Promotion Board has initiatives to encourage healthier dietary choices among residents,” Syazwani noted. For instance, mandatory nutritional labeling and efforts to reduce sugar content in drinks are making a difference in how people approach food choices. Although the effectiveness of these initiatives is still uncertain, he admits that such labeling influences his own choices, especially when it comes to sugary beverages.
Singapore’s healthcare system has also received global recognition for its efficiency and quality. The 2023 Legatum Prosperity Index ranked Singapore as the best in the world for healthcare. Citizens enjoy universal healthcare coverage, yet the system also incorporates private services and savings plans to help manage out-of-pocket expenses. This ensures that healthcare is both accessible and affordable, contributing to the longevity of the population.
Green Spaces and Public Well-Being
While healthcare policies play an essential role, other factors contribute to Singaporeans living longer, healthier lives. A well-developed public transportation system promotes daily exercise by encouraging walking. The government’s emphasis on keeping the country clean, green, and beautiful further enhances public health and mental well-being.
Charu Kokate, a senior partner at Safdie Architects and a long-time Singapore resident, highlighted how the country’s green spaces contribute to the quality of life. “Government initiatives that prioritize the seamless integration of parks, gardens, and nature reserves into the cityscape have earned [Singapore] the reputation of being a ‘garden city’,” she explained. She is impressed by the Urban Redevelopment Authority’s approach to city planning, noting that sustainability, efficient land use, and the incorporation of green spaces are central to their efforts. Kokate pointed out that while Singapore’s laws can be strict, they have resulted in a clean and well-maintained environment.
Among her favorite places in the city is the Singapore Botanic Gardens, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its beautiful orchid collection and commitment to plant research and conservation. The gardens, located in the city center, offer residents and visitors alike a peaceful escape into nature. “It’s a haven for nature lovers, families, and tourists seeking peace and beauty,” Kokate added.
Public parks also serve as gathering spots for the community, which is another important factor in longevity. Longevity researchers agree that having a strong sense of community is essential to living a long, healthy life. Syazwani commented on the accessibility of public spaces: “From young adults to seniors, you’ll find a wide demographic engaged in regular exercise, facilitated by extensive public parks, fitness corners, and gym classes.” For those considering moving to Singapore, he recommended East Coast Park, which offers picnic spots and a serene environment for walking along the beach.
High Quality of Life, But High Cost
Despite its many advantages, living in Singapore comes with a cost. The country is ranked as one of the most expensive cities in the world. In Mercer’s 2023 ranking of costliest places to live, Singapore was listed second, just after Hong Kong. Although it can be expensive, many residents feel that the high quality of life justifies the expense.
Singapore is also a highly diverse country, with people from across the world calling it home. Despite its multicultural population, the government places a strong emphasis on maintaining social cohesion through strict laws and regulations. For example, littering, smoking in public places, drug use, and even jaywalking are met with severe penalties. Although the rules are stringent, many residents appreciate the order and safety they bring to everyday life.
Kokate noted, “The government’s policies are carefully aligned with the needs of the population, focusing on improving the overall quality of life, supporting economic stability, and maintaining social harmony.” She added that Singapore’s political stability also encourages business investment and economic growth, which benefits the country as a whole.
The city-state is not just known for its strict regulations; it also celebrates its rich diversity through its world-renowned food scene and vibrant cultural festivals. Singapore’s multicultural society embraces a wide range of traditions, from Chinese New Year to Deepavali, as well as international events like the Singapore International Festival of the Arts.
As Kokate summed up, “The city has something for everyone, regardless of age. The multicultural society embraces a wide range of traditions, creating a rich and vibrant cultural experience that enhances the stay for both visitors and expats.”