New Jersey health officials have confirmed the deaths of three residents due to West Nile virus, raising the total number of human cases this season in the state to 16. The New Jersey Department of Health announced that the deceased individuals were from Cumberland, Mercer, and Middlesex counties, reflecting the growing threat of mosquito-borne illnesses in the region.
Typically, most human cases of such illnesses occur between mid-August and late September, although the season can extend through October and even into early November, depending on weather conditions. The Department of Health stressed the importance of being vigilant during this time. “All New Jerseyans should be aware of the potential significant impacts from mosquito-borne illnesses, especially West Nile virus and Eastern Equine Encephalitis. The best way to prevent these diseases is to avoid mosquito bites by using insect repellent, protective clothing or gear, and avoiding peak mosquito hours,” stated New Jersey Health Commissioner Dr. Kaitlan Baston in a release on August 30th.
However, the Department did not respond to inquiries on whether any new cases had been recorded since the last update on September 7th. Currently, the state has reported cases of West Nile virus in multiple counties, including three in Bergen, Burlington, and Camden counties; two in Cumberland, Hudson, and Mercer counties; three in Middlesex County; and additional cases in Ocean, Union, and Warren counties.
Additionally, four blood donors, who displayed no symptoms, were found to be carrying the virus during routine screenings. These asymptomatic cases were identified in Bergen, Essex, Passaic, and Somerset counties.
While West Nile virus infections are relatively common, the number of cases fluctuates each year. In a typical year, New Jersey records an average of 13 cases, according to health officials. In 2023, the state had reported 14 human cases, including one fatality.
On a national scale, 491 cases of West Nile virus have been reported across 39 states this year, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). West Nile virus remains the most prevalent mosquito-borne illness in the United States. The virus is spread through the bites of infected mosquitoes, but it does not result in symptoms for most people. However, health officials have warned that around one in five people infected will experience symptoms like headaches, fever, and chills. In rare instances, about one in 150 people will develop more severe symptoms.
Mosquito testing in New Jersey has revealed that the virus is present in all counties, with 856 mosquito pools testing positive for West Nile virus this season. A mosquito pool refers to a group of mosquitoes tested for diseases. The highest concentration of infected mosquito pools has been found in northeastern New Jersey, particularly in Bergen, Hudson, Middlesex, and Union counties.
In addition to the West Nile virus, New Jersey has reported one human case of Eastern Equine Encephalitis this year. This rare virus, like West Nile, is also transmitted to humans through mosquito bites, but it is far more dangerous. According to the CDC, only a few cases of Eastern Equine Encephalitis are reported annually in the U.S., but approximately 30% of people infected with the virus die. Survivors often face long-term neurological complications.
Although Eastern Equine Encephalitis is uncommon, recent deaths from the virus have been reported in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. In New Jersey, the virus has been detected in 13 mosquito pools so far in 2024. Additionally, two horses in the state—one in Atlantic County and another in Salem County—tested positive for the virus. Neither of the horses had been vaccinated.
The CDC warns that Eastern Equine Encephalitis can also affect animals, including horses. Fortunately, vaccines for horses are available. The Department of Health has urged horse owners to ensure their animals are vaccinated against both Eastern Equine Encephalitis and West Nile virus to reduce their risk.
Unfortunately, there are no specific treatments available for humans infected with either West Nile virus or Eastern Equine Encephalitis. Doctors can only manage the symptoms of the diseases as best as possible. Given the lack of targeted treatments, the most effective strategy remains prevention.
Experts emphasize that preventing mosquito bites is critical to reducing the risk of contracting these diseases. Health officials recommend that residents protect themselves by using insect repellents, wearing long sleeves and pants, and staying indoors during peak mosquito activity hours, which are typically at dawn and dusk.
While the threat of mosquito-borne illnesses may diminish as the weather cools, the season can still extend into late fall depending on weather patterns. Until then, New Jersey residents are encouraged to take necessary precautions to protect themselves and their families from potential infections.
In the absence of specific medical treatments for these viruses, avoiding mosquito bites remains the most effective line of defense. This includes ensuring that window screens are intact, eliminating standing water around homes (where mosquitoes breed), and keeping outdoor areas well-maintained to minimize mosquito habitats.
New Jersey’s health authorities continue to monitor the situation closely and are working to raise awareness about the importance of preventing mosquito bites. They are also encouraging residents to remain cautious and stay informed about potential new cases as the mosquito season progresses.