Experts caution individuals with diabetes to be vigilant about certain supplements that may adversely affect blood sugar levels and interact with medications.
Health experts are urging individuals with diabetes to exercise caution when considering dietary supplements, as some may pose significant risks by affecting blood sugar levels or interacting negatively with prescribed medications.
Surveys indicate that approximately 75% of U.S. adults have used dietary supplements, with 58% reporting usage within the past 30 days. However, experts emphasize that certain groups, particularly those with diabetes, should be particularly careful.
Dietary supplements encompass a wide range of products, including vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, and probiotics, all designed to fill nutritional gaps and promote overall wellness. Some supplements target specific health functions, such as immune support, muscle recovery, and bone health.
Unlike prescription medications and over-the-counter drugs, dietary supplements are not typically approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before they hit the market. However, the FDA does regulate these products and can take action against those deemed unsafe or misbranded.
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), several supplements may pose serious health risks for individuals with diabetes. Dawn Menning, a registered dietitian and certified diabetes care and education specialist based in California, highlights St. John’s Wort as a supplement to avoid. While it is often marketed as a natural remedy for mild to moderate depression, it can interfere with diabetes medications by altering how the body metabolizes them.
“This can make medications less effective and complicate blood sugar management,” Menning explained. Although some claim that St. John’s Wort can help regulate blood sugar in individuals with type 2 diabetes, the evidence supporting this is limited and mixed.
Menning warns that combining this supplement with insulin or oral diabetes medications may increase the risk of hypoglycemia, a condition characterized by dangerously low blood sugar levels that can lead to dizziness, fatigue, and fainting.
Another supplement of concern is high-dose niacin, which is sometimes used to manage cholesterol levels. However, Menning cautions that it can significantly raise blood sugar levels, making it difficult to maintain an optimal A1c range.
Asian ginseng is often associated with increased energy, focus, and immune health. While it may offer some benefits for individuals with prediabetes and diabetes, there is evidence suggesting that it could lower blood sugar levels when taken alongside diabetes medications.
Jordan Hill, a registered dietitian with Top Nutrition Coaching in Colorado, advises against β-carotene supplementation for people with diabetes. The American Diabetes Association has linked this supplement to increased risks of lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality.
Cinnamon, frequently promoted for diabetes management and weight loss, has shown potential in reducing blood sugar and lowering insulin resistance. However, excessive consumption can lead to hypoglycemia, as well as liver damage due to a compound called coumarin found in cinnamon.
Oral aloe vera is another supplement that has gained popularity for its purported benefits for diabetes and weight loss. However, when combined with diabetes medications, it may cause blood sugar levels to drop too low, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Gastrointestinal side effects are also a concern with aloe vera.
Menning notes that for most supplements, there is insufficient evidence to support any beneficial effects on diabetes or its complications. The American Diabetes Standards of Care state that “without underlying deficiency, there are no benefits from herbal or nonherbal (i.e., vitamin or mineral) supplementation for people with diabetes.”
Furthermore, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology advises caution with all unregulated nutritional supplements due to their inconsistent composition, quality, and potential for harm.
Experts recommend consulting with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen to better understand how it may impact blood sugar levels, medications, or overall diabetes management.
For more information on the risks associated with dietary supplements for people with diabetes, refer to the National Institutes of Health.