New research indicates that one in five individuals with normal body mass indexes (BMIs) may have hidden abdominal obesity, leading to increased health risks despite appearing thin.
For decades, body mass index (BMI) has served as a primary metric for determining whether an individual is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. However, recent global research suggests that it is possible to maintain a normal BMI while still meeting the medical criteria for obesity.
A large-scale study published in JAMA Network Open, which analyzed data from the World Health Organization (WHO), examined health information from over 471,000 adults across 91 countries. The researchers focused on individuals whose BMI fell within the normal range of 18.5 to 24.9 but who carried excess fat around their midsection, as measured by waist circumference.
The findings revealed that approximately one in five people with a normal BMI exhibited signs of abdominal obesity, characterized by a larger waistline that is associated with serious health risks. These individuals, often referred to as “skinny fat,” were not necessarily healthy despite their normal weight readings.
Compared to their counterparts with normal BMIs and smaller waistlines, those with abdominal fat faced a 29% higher likelihood of developing high blood pressure and an 81% increased risk of diabetes. They also exhibited significantly higher chances of having unhealthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In essence, their metabolic profiles resembled those of individuals classified as obese, even if their overall weight did not reflect this condition.
This research highlights a significant gap in the traditional methods of measuring obesity. While BMI considers only weight and height, it fails to account for the distribution of fat within the body. Fat that accumulates deep in the abdomen and surrounds vital organs poses particular dangers, as it can lead to inflammation, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular issues. This phenomenon is encapsulated in the term “TOFI,” which stands for “thin outside, fat inside.”
Lifestyle factors also play a crucial role, as the study indicated that individuals with normal BMIs who carried abdominal fat were more likely to lead sedentary lives, consume fewer fruits and vegetables, and hold desk jobs or be unemployed. This combination of reduced muscle mass and lack of physical activity facilitates the accumulation of visceral fat, even without a significant increase in overall weight.
The latest findings suggest that waist size may be as important to monitor as weight itself. For most adults, a waist measurement exceeding approximately 32 inches for women or 37 inches for men indicates excess abdominal fat and correlates with heightened health risks.
Despite the compelling nature of these findings, the researchers acknowledged several limitations. As the study was cross-sectional, it could only establish associations rather than definitive cause-and-effect relationships. Additionally, the data were collected from various countries and time periods, with a notable underrepresentation of high-income nations, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Furthermore, the study relied on self-reported data regarding personal habits, which could introduce variability in the reliability of the findings. Nonetheless, the WHO’s survey methods are generally considered well-validated.
In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of looking beyond BMI as a sole indicator of health. Individuals who may appear healthy based on their weight could still be at risk due to hidden abdominal obesity. Monitoring waist circumference alongside BMI could provide a more comprehensive understanding of one’s health status.
Source: Original article