A new study connects the M87 black hole to its powerful cosmic jet, revealing how it launches particles at nearly the speed of light.
A recent study has established a link between the renowned M87 black hole—the first black hole ever imaged—and its formidable cosmic jet. This research sheds light on how black holes can launch particles at speeds approaching that of light.
Using significantly enhanced coverage from the global Event Horizon Telescope, scientists have traced a cosmic jet that extends 3,000 light-years from the M87 black hole to its probable source. The findings, published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics this week, could provide crucial insights into the origins and mechanisms behind the vast cosmic jets emitted by black holes.
Located in the Messier 87 galaxy approximately 55 million light-years from Earth, M87 is a supermassive black hole that is 6.5 billion times the mass of the sun. The first image of this black hole was unveiled to the public in 2019, following data collection by the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017.
Dr. Padi Boyd of NASA highlighted the significance of M87, stating in a video about the discovery that not only is the black hole supermassive, but it is also active. “Just a few percent are active at any given time,” she explained. “Are they turning on and then turning off? That’s an idea… We know there are very high magnetic fields that launch a jet. This image provides observational evidence that what we’ve been seeing for a while is actually being launched by a jet connected to that supermassive black hole at the center of M87.”
M87 is known for both consuming surrounding gas and dust while simultaneously ejecting powerful jets of charged particles from its poles, which form the jet stream, as reported by Scientific American and Space.com.
Saurabh, the team leader at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, remarked on the implications of the study, stating, “This study represents an early step toward connecting theoretical ideas about jet launching with direct observations.” He further noted, “Identifying where the jet may originate and how it connects to the black hole’s shadow adds a key piece to the puzzle and points toward a better understanding of how the central engine operates.”
The Event Horizon Telescope is a collaborative network of eight radio observatories that work together to detect radio waves emitted by astronomical objects, such as galaxies and black holes. This network effectively creates an Earth-sized telescope, allowing for unprecedented observations of these distant phenomena. The term “Event Horizon” refers to the boundary of a black hole beyond which light cannot escape, as defined by the National Science Foundation.
The findings were derived from data collected by the Event Horizon Telescope in 2021. However, the authors of the study cautioned that while the results are robust under the assumptions and tests performed, definitive confirmation and more precise constraints will necessitate future observations with the Event Horizon Telescope. These future observations would require higher sensitivity, improved intermediate-baseline coverage through additional stations, and an expanded frequency range.
As researchers continue to explore the mysteries of black holes, this study marks a significant advancement in understanding the dynamics of cosmic jets and their connection to supermassive black holes like M87, paving the way for future discoveries in the field of astrophysics.
According to Space.com, the implications of this research extend beyond mere observation, potentially reshaping our understanding of black hole behavior and the fundamental processes that govern these enigmatic cosmic entities.