The U.S. technology industry is currently experiencing a significant wave of layoffs, disproportionately impacting Indian workers, particularly those holding H-1B visas. This troubling trend comes alongside a series of tougher visa regulations and increasing application fees, creating a much more challenging landscape for immigrants, international students, and skilled laborers in the country.
Recent data from Layoffs.fyi shows that around 438 tech companies have laid off approximately 137,500 employees. This mass downsizing has shattered the long-standing belief that the tech sector is immune to economic downturns. The reality of widespread layoffs is forcing many workers, especially those on temporary visas like the H-1B, to scramble for new employment to maintain their legal status in the United States.
For H-1B visa holders, the stakes are especially high. Under current U.S. immigration law, H-1B visa holders must secure a new job within a limited timeframe if they are laid off, or risk being forced to leave the country. This job insecurity, coupled with strict visa rules, puts additional pressure on foreign workers.
Compounding the issue is the significant backlog of green card applications, which has left many Indian professionals in a precarious situation. According to the U.S. Congressional Research Service, some Indian workers face extraordinarily long waits, often exceeding 190 years, to receive permanent residency, despite meeting all labor requirements. This backlog adds another layer of complexity to the already difficult situation for these highly skilled professionals.
New Visa Regulations Intensify Hardships
In addition to layoffs and job insecurity, recent changes to U.S. visa regulations have made life even more difficult for Indian workers. The October 2024 visa bulletin, released by the U.S. Department of State, outlines the availability of immigrant visas for the upcoming fiscal year. These new rules have raised concerns among several visa categories, including the EB-5 investor visa program.
The EB-5 visa allows individuals to gain residency in the U.S. through significant investments in designated target areas. However, applicants from mainland China and India often face delays due to high demand and limited availability. As a result, Indian nationals trying to invest and settle in the U.S. through this visa route are finding the process increasingly difficult.
Moreover, the cost of obtaining an H-1B visa has skyrocketed, creating an additional financial strain on applicants. Previously, the application fee was $10 per beneficiary, but it has now soared to $215, representing a staggering 2150% increase. Alongside this, the fee for paper filing applications has jumped from $460 to $780, a 70% rise. These substantial fee hikes add to the burden on foreign workers, many of whom are already dealing with job insecurity in a rapidly shifting tech industry.
The sharp increase in visa fees is another element that underscores the growing challenges faced by immigrants in the U.S. Those applying for green cards, for example, are also seeing higher costs. The fee for filing an I-30 petition for a family-based green card has gone up to $675 for paper submissions, while the online application fee is $625. In addition, a new $600 fee has been introduced for certain asylum petitions.
International students are not immune from these changes, either. Those seeking to study in the U.S. on F, M, or J visas are now under more intense scrutiny. They are required to provide more detailed and accurate information related to their passports, which can be difficult for some students to provide, especially in cases of passport irregularities or administrative delays.
Broader Implications for Immigrants
The combination of mass layoffs and stricter visa rules paints a bleak picture for Indian workers and other immigrants in the U.S. tech industry. Many of these individuals came to the U.S. with the promise of securing high-paying jobs and potentially gaining permanent residency. However, with the job market shrinking and visa regulations becoming more burdensome, that path is becoming increasingly difficult to navigate.
The H-1B visa program, in particular, is under strain. Designed to allow U.S. employers to hire foreign workers in specialty occupations, such as technology, the program has long been a lifeline for skilled workers from countries like India. However, as tech companies continue to downsize, H-1B workers are finding it harder to secure jobs within the narrow time window mandated by immigration law. Failure to do so often means returning to their home countries, potentially leaving behind years of work experience and career growth in the U.S.
According to one H-1B visa holder who recently lost their job, “The uncertainty is overwhelming. We have only 60 days to find a new position, and the job market is brutal right now. It’s a race against time, and every day feels like a countdown.”
The surge in visa fees has added another layer of stress to this already difficult situation. For many workers, the rising costs of applying for visas or renewing their status is an additional financial burden at a time when job security is precarious. This is especially challenging for those laid off, as they are already navigating the costs associated with unemployment.
“These fee hikes feel like a slap in the face,” said another Indian worker affected by the recent changes. “We’re already dealing with so much uncertainty—now we’re being asked to pay significantly more just to keep our visa status.”
Impact on U.S. Tech Industry
The challenges faced by Indian workers and other foreign nationals could also have broader implications for the U.S. tech industry. Many of these individuals bring specialized skills in areas like software development, engineering, and data science—skills that are in high demand. However, as the visa process becomes more complicated and costly, it could deter foreign talent from coming to the U.S. or encourage those already here to leave.
The tech industry has long relied on foreign workers to fill key positions, especially in fields where there is a shortage of domestic talent. If these workers find it too difficult to navigate the U.S. immigration system, it could result in a talent drain, leaving companies struggling to fill critical roles.
Moreover, with increasing layoffs and fewer job opportunities, some experts worry that the U.S. could lose its edge as a global leader in technology and innovation. The current environment, marked by layoffs, visa challenges, and rising fees, creates uncertainty not just for foreign workers but also for the companies that employ them.
For now, Indian workers and other H-1B visa holders face an uphill battle in maintaining their legal status and finding employment in a tightening job market. As the U.S. continues to adjust its immigration policies, the impact on both individuals and industries is likely to be profound. Many hope that changes will be made to address the growing backlog and fee increases, but until then, the road ahead remains uncertain.
